Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP最新文献

{"title":"Reducing Potentially Harmful Drug-Related Problems in Outpatient Prescribing: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of a Multifaceted Clinical Pharmacist Intervention in Vietnam","authors":"Thanh-Tam Le,&nbsp;Thang Nguyen,&nbsp;Minh-Thy Tran-Doan,&nbsp;Huong-Thao Nguyen","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70278","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70278","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common in ambulatory prescribing and can cause preventable harm, yet evidence that pharmacist-led interventions reduce clinically meaningful DRPs in Vietnam remains limited. This study evaluated a multifaceted clinical pharmacist intervention to reduce the prevalence and potential clinical harm of DRPs in adult outpatient prescriptions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a quasi-experimental pre-post study of electronic adult outpatient prescription records at a tertiary hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Adult outpatient encounters in which patients were prescribed at least two medicines were consecutively sampled during two 14-day observation periods before and after a 4-week intervention. The intervention combined prospective prescription review with prescriber feedback, targeted education, and reminders. DRPs were classified using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe classification. The primary outcome was the prevalence of prescription records with at least one DRP. Secondary outcomes were DRP density and potentially harmful DRPs assessed by expert-panel consensus using the Doerper method. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for prespecified potential confounders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 8832 prescription records were analyzed (pre-intervention, 4586; post-intervention, 4246). Prescriptions with at least one DRP decreased from 65.7% to 37.3% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and mean DRPs per prescription decreased from 1.22 ± 1.24 to 0.55 ± 0.83 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Prescriptions with potentially harmful DRPs decreased from 2.4% to 1.7% (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Reductions occurred across all evaluated DRP subtypes, especially dose selection and administration-timing problems. After adjustment, the post-intervention phase remained associated with lower DRP occurrence (adjusted odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.26–0.32; the estimated prevalence ratio was 0.57).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A structured, multifaceted clinical pharmacist intervention was associated with substantial reductions in DRP burden and potentially harmful DRPs in outpatient prescribing. These findings support integrating clinical pharmacists into ambulatory care teams as a scalable medication-safety strategy in Vietnam and similar resource-limited health systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keeping the Good in Goodhart's Law: Bridging Key Performance Indicators to Comprehensive Medication Management","authors":"Brian Murray,&nbsp;Andrea Sikora","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70277","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148835235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Time From Eligibility to Examination and Exam Outcomes Among Residency-Trained Board of Pharmacy Specialties Candidates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis","authors":"Emily Weyenberg,&nbsp;Amin Saiar,&nbsp;Yu Meng,&nbsp;Elizabeth LaNou","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70276","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70276","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) board certification represents a recognized standard for advanced pharmacy practice and provides formal validation of specialized knowledge and skills through rigorously developed examinations. In other health professions, taking certification or licensure examinations soon after completing training has been associated with higher pass rates, while delays have been linked to poorer outcomes. This study investigates whether a similar pattern exists among BPS candidates, particularly those who complete residency training and become eligible for certification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluates the association between time from eligibility to examination and first-attempt outcomes among residency-trained pharmacists. This cross-sectional analysis used deidentified data from the BPS MyBPS database for United States-based candidates who attained eligibility through post-graduate year one (PGY1) or post-graduate year two (PGY2) residency training and completed a first-attempt certification examination in 2025. Time to examination was defined as the number of days between residency completion and exam date and was categorized as ≤ 365 days, 366–730 days, and &gt; 730 days. The primary outcome was examination result (pass or fail).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 2598 candidates, pass rates declined as time-to-exam increased. Candidates who delayed testing beyond 2 years had significantly lower pass rates compared with those testing within 1 year (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and between one and 2 years (<i>p</i> = 0.011), while no significant difference was observed between the other two groups (<i>p</i> = 0.225).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, longer time from eligibility to examination was associated with lower first-attempt success. These findings suggest that sitting for a BPS board certification examination within 2 years may improve outcomes and inform decision-making for candidates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Gaps, Barriers, and Facilitators to Implementing Comprehensive Medication Management in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Care: A Qualitative Study”","authors":"Maajid Mohi Ud Din Malik,&nbsp;Rajesh Prasad Jayaswal","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70273","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Comment on “Gaps, Barriers, and Facilitators to Implementing Comprehensive Medication Management in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Care: A Qualitative Study”","authors":"Wendy L. St. Peter,&nbsp;Debbie L. Pestka,&nbsp;Lindsay A. Sorge,&nbsp;Josh J. Neumiller","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialization in Pharmacy Practice: Is the Generalist Primed for Extinction?","authors":"Brian A. Hemstreet","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming Veteran Care Through Standardized Clinical Pharmacy Practice","authors":"M. Shawn McFarland,&nbsp;Veldana Alliu,&nbsp;Terri Jorgenson,&nbsp;Tera Moore,&nbsp;Ashleigh Wallace-Lacey,&nbsp;Chris Albritton","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70271","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has been a beacon of what team integration including a clinical pharmacist can do to improve patient care. The VHA is the largest integrated health care system in the United States. Clinical Pharmacist Practitioners (CPP) operate under a scope of practice that allows for initiation, discontinuation, and modification of medication therapies in patients with a confirmed diagnosis as part of providing comprehensive medication management (CMM). Standardization related to the “what” and the “how” CMM is practiced within the VHA have enabled the expansion of clinical pharmacy practice. While variation exists across the country, within the VHA the core components of CPP practice are established through policy and process. Having a standardized credentialing process identical to other non-pharmacy providers and having that process written in policy allows for less variation from facility to facility.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Language Models as Clinical Support Tools in Drug Information Services: Performance Comparison With Pharmacists","authors":"Nuntapong Boonrit,&nbsp;Najwa Bin-useng,&nbsp;Aphichaya Sirijariyawat,&nbsp;Tanawan Chaithong,&nbsp;Suppakun Rattayarungsri,&nbsp;Sutima Yodsri,&nbsp;Ashley M. Hopkins,&nbsp;Warit Ruanglertboon","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70269","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for drug information support, yet their reliability and clinical applicability remain uncertain. This study evaluated multiple LLMs in responding to real-world drug information questions retrieved from a university hospital in Thailand, focusing on clarity in Thai, concordance with pharmacist responses, relevance, context awareness, and citation credibility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 102 drug information questions were submitted to seven LLMs, generating 714 responses. In the inter-rater reliability phase, 10 pilot questions were submitted to all seven LLMs, and the resulting 70 responses were evaluated by three assessors, yielding 210 rating instances. Agreement was measured using intra-class correlation coefficient and Fleiss' kappa. Following satisfactory agreement, the 102 questions were divided into three subsets, each assessed by one assessor using a predefined rubric. Binary outcomes were coded to calculate sensitivity and domain fulfillment rates, with pharmacist-provided answers serving as the reference standard for concordance. Model performance was compared using Cochran's <i>Q</i> test, and citation-related issues were identified from qualitative comments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inter-rater reliability demonstrated substantial to almost perfect agreement, with coefficients ranging from 0.79–0.86. Overall, most LLMs performed well in clarity, relevance, and context awareness. Clarity scores ranged from 85.25%–92.75%, while fulfillment rates ranged from 0.97–1.00 for relevance and 0.90–0.99 for context awareness. Concordance was more variable, ranging from 0.70–0.86, whereas citation credibility was consistently weak, ranging from 0.03–0.36. A significant difference between LLMs was observed only in the concordance, with post hoc analyses identifying a significant difference between ChatGPT-5.2 Thinking (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA) and Copilot Think Deeper (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA). (McNemar test, adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.0178).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LLMs show potential as tools for preliminary drug information retrieval and rapid responses generation in drug information services. However, variable concordance and persistent limitations in citation credibility indicate the need for continued pharmacist oversight.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148725839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Student Perceptions of Virtual Counseling Practice Using ChatGPT Voice Mode in Pharmacy Education","authors":"Nuntapong Boonrit,&nbsp;Ashley M. Hopkins,&nbsp;Warit Ruanglertboon","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70272","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large language model (LLM)-based tools such as ChatGPT offer potential to augment pharmacy training through scalable simulation. This study evaluated the acceptability and perceived utility of ChatGPT voice mode as a virtual patient for counseling practice among pharmacy students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional post-intervention survey was conducted among fourth-year pharmacy students after completion of a ChatGPT-assisted virtual counseling practice activity using ChatGPT voice mode. A structured questionnaire assessed accessibility, realism, feedback quality, perceived professional skill support, and overall utility. The questionnaire underwent expert review for content validity using the item-objective congruence index. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize Likert-scale responses, and open-ended responses were explored using natural language processing techniques.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 158 students, 137 (86.7%) completed the evaluation. Accessibility and feedback domains showed higher agreement, particularly regarding flexibility of practice and immediacy of feedback. Perceptions of realism and communication accuracy were more variable, with a substantial proportion of neutral and negative responses. Qualitative analysis identified key themes including practice flexibility, feedback utility, and limitations in conversational realism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ChatGPT voice mode may serve as a feasible and scalable adjunct for simulated counseling practice in pharmacy education. However, because this study evaluated students' perceptions of the learning experience rather than objectively measured competency, further research incorporating educator-rated performance and objective assessment of counseling skill is needed to determine its educational effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Membership: Why Pharmacists Should Pursue and Advocate for Fellow Status in Interprofessional Specialty Societies","authors":"Brian L. Erstad,&nbsp;Curtis N. Sessler","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70270","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}