Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP最新文献

{"title":"2024 ACCP Virtual Poster Symposium May 21 - 22, 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jac5.1986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1986","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Comment on “Factors associated with attaining a pharmacy residency interview: A scoping review”","authors":"Suzanne Whitten Pharm.D., Beth Bryles Phillips Pharm.D., FCCP, Sharmon P. Osae Pharm.D., Rebecca H. Stone Pharm.D., FCCP, Chelsea A. Keedy Pharm.D., Blake R. Johnson Pharm.D., MPH, Amber Prentiss MLIS, Devin Lavender Pharm.D.","doi":"10.1002/jac5.1991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of antimicrobial stewardship in pneumonia management: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis","authors":"Azhar N. Zhexenova M.D., Ph.D.,&nbsp;Gulbanu Mukyshova M.D.,&nbsp;Lida Aliyeva M.D.,&nbsp;Gulnara Kandygulova M.D., Ph.D.,&nbsp;Dina Yegizbayeva M.D.,&nbsp;Aliya Zhylkybekova M.D.,&nbsp;Nurgul Ablakimova M.D.","doi":"10.1002/jac5.2010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.2010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This comprehensive bibliometric analysis explores the evolving trends in antimicrobial stewardship programs for enhancing treatment and diagnostics of pneumonia from 2006 to 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research included a performance analysis and science mapping using RStudio v.4.3.1 and the bibliometric R-package, with a data analysis conducted using Biblioshiny and Scopus. The study identified publication trends, prolific journals, leading institutions and authors, collaboration patterns, and keyword frequencies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study, based on 789 relevant studies from 287 sources, reveals a substantial increase in publications, collaborative authorship, and citations, with an average of 14.37 citations per document. The Annual Growth Rate for this research domain exhibits a steady increase of 30.13%, emphasizing the expanding scope of research output. Twelve key journals are identified using Bradford's Law with “Antibiotics” being the most prolific, contributing 6.5% of the total articles during the study period. Leading institutions in this research domain include the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences and the University of Cape Town, each with 21 articles, reflecting their commitment. Dr. S.E. Cosgrove emerges as a key author with eight contributions, followed by other influential contributors. The United States leads in the number of publications, with Italy and Spain following closely. The analysis reveals a concentration of research output in high-income countries, raising questions about accessibility and research capabilities in lower-income nations. Addressing these disparities is crucial for comprehensive global strategies in pneumonia management. The study acknowledges limitations, such as database selection and language bias.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The research trends in antimicrobial stewardship for pneumonia treatment and diagnostics demonstrate a global increase in scholarly output. These findings provide valuable insights into collaborative networks, influential authors, leading institutions, and emerging topics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing clinical interprofessional education to prepare student pharmacists for interprofessional collaborative practice","authors":"Nicholas M. Fusco Pharm.D., FCCP,&nbsp;Ashley E. Woodruff Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Rebecca Moote Pharm.D., M.Sc.,&nbsp;Zachary A. Weber Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Joseph A. Zorek Pharm.D.","doi":"10.1002/jac5.2011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.2011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interprofessional education (IPE) is a pivotal force shaping the future of health care delivery. While recent studies underscore positive student experiences resulting from IPE, a critical gap remains: the scarcity of data on patient outcomes within health systems that embrace this collaborative care approach. In this focused literature review, authors with expertise in the field of IPE and interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) aimed to provide pharmacists with practical suggestions on how they can advance interprofessional patient care while also optimizing the opportunities for student pharmacists to further develop IPCP competencies. Through a knowledgeable selection of current, high-quality publications on the topic and expert opinion, we sought to identify characteristics of high-quality IPE in practice environments. Pharmacists, in conjunction with Schools/Colleges of Pharmacy, should aspire to attain these characteristics to ensure that graduates of Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree programs are entering the workforce primed to contribute to IPCP. The Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) has crafted competencies to harmonize curricula across health disciplines, with the promise of enhancing patient and population health outcomes. These competencies should serve as guiding principles for pharmacy educators as they develop and assess student pharmacists' collaborative practice skills. Pharmacists play a vital role in cultivating these skills within experiential environments. Leveraging existing pharmacy practice experiences presents an opportunity to achieve this aim effectively. As we look ahead, the future of health professional training must prioritize measuring the impact of IPE on patient outcomes. In this transformative landscape, IPE stands ready to mold the next generation of team-based, patient-centered care.</p>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary considerations for nephrotoxin stewardship: Estimating kidney function and use of novel biomarkers","authors":"Sandra L. Kane-Gill Pharm.D., M.Sc., FCCP,&nbsp;Nabihah Amatullah Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Tiffany Tran Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Iman Karimzadeh Ph.D.","doi":"10.1002/jac5.2003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.2003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drug-associated acute kidney injury (D-AKI) constitutes approximately 19%–26% of all acute kidney injury (AKI) cases in hospitalized patients. Notably, there is often a deficiency in optimal drug management after D-AKI diagnosis, with only about half of the patients experiencing discontinuation of nephrotoxins and one-fifth avoiding further nephrotoxin administration. Nephrotoxin stewardship involves the application of coordinated care management strategies to ensure the safe utilization of nephrotoxins and renally eliminated medications. The purpose of this paper is to review nephrotoxin stewardship strategies and highlight contemporary considerations for estimating kidney function and the use of novel biomarkers as part of the stewardship program. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKDEPI) 2021 serum creatinine formula is now recommended for estimating kidney function for adults in most clinical situations in the United States. It is time to reevaluate how healthcare professionals think of estimating kidney function for drug dosing with the use of the non-indexed, race-free, CKDEPI 2021 equation. In addition, widespread use of serum cystatin C (CysC) is anticipated so estimated glomerular filtration rate equations that incorporate serum CysC will need to be further evaluated for drug dosing recommendations and how the use of serum CysC can complement serum creatinine-based equations. Lastly, novel kidney stress/damage biomarkers should be viewed as a piece of a complex scenario of D-AKI prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis and should be interpreted along with other diagnostic criteria in relation to the clinical condition of the patient. These contemporary considerations for drug dosing and D-AKI management are important components of nephrotoxin stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jac5.2003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacists' role in combating medical misinformation","authors":"Ila M. Harris Pharm.D., FCCP,&nbsp;Michelle L. Hilaire Pharm.D., FCCP,&nbsp;Michelle Jeon Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Karen L. Kier Ph.D., FCCP,&nbsp;Faria M. Munir Pharm.D., M.S.,&nbsp;Alex S. Carmon Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Melissa V. Maffei Pharm.D.,&nbsp;S. Mimi Mukherjee Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Sharmon P. Osae Pharm.D.","doi":"10.1002/jac5.2005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.2005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Medical misinformation can pose serious threats to public health. This commentary explores the pharmacist's unique role in addressing and mitigating the impact of medical misinformation. Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to engage with other healthcare providers, patients, and communities to dispel myths, provide accurate information, and promote evidence-based healthcare decision-making. This commentary showcases examples of the multifaceted roles of pharmacists in combating medical misinformation. It explores various strategies and interventions that can be used by pharmacists, including patient education, effective communication, information dissemination, and community engagement. Pharmacists' interventions are often at the intersection of medication management and health information needs, making them integral in ensuring patients and providers make informed healthcare choices. Moreover, this commentary highlights the impact pharmacists can have as advocates for scientific rigor and evidence-based practices within healthcare systems to educate against medical misinformation and discusses the need for continued education, training, and support for pharmacists to excel in their roles as healthcare educators and medication experts. Pharmacists have a role in countering medical misinformation when serving patients by providing information that empowers a more informed society.</p>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jac5.2005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensuring patient safety when managing concentrated insulin glargine and insulin degludec at hospital admission","authors":"Denise Kelley Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Janci Addison Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Kristin Janzen Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Steven Wulfe Pharm.D.","doi":"10.1002/jac5.1997","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.1997","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development and use of concentrated insulins have increased in recent years. This can pose unique challenges when transitioning to a non-concentrated insulin during an inpatient admission. There is no clear consensus on the recommended interchange of the various concentrated insulins in the inpatient setting, with suggestions ranging from implementing a 1:1 unit dose conversion, a minimum 20% dose reduction or selecting an approach based on the total daily dose of the concentrated insulin. In a retrospective cohort analysis at a single health system, a greater number of hypoglycemic events occurred when implementing a 1:1 unit conversion of insulin glargine 300 units/mL (iGlar300) to insulin detemir 100 units/mL (iDet100) compared to the same conversion from insulin glargine 100 units/mL (iGlar100) to iDet100. This prompted identification of a standardized approach that would improve patient safety while also being operationally feasible at a multi-hospital network. The solution of implementing a minimum 20% dose reduction successfully improved hypoglycemia rates upon transitioning from iGlar300 to iDet100, though many logistical challenges were faced. Although iDet100 is being phased off the market, adhering to this minimum 20% dose reduction is the recommended approach when transitioning from iGlar300 to iGlar100, and this challenge persists as a relevant issue. Ensuring health systems are equipped to implement dose reductions when transitioning from concentrated basal insulins to non-concentrated basal insulin counterparts is paramount for maintaining patient safety. This paper will discuss the limited evidence available supporting optimal dosing when transitioning iGlar300 and insulin degludec 200 units/mL (iDeg200) to non-concentrated basal insulins and serve as a “how to” implementation guide for other health systems, based on one health system's approach in navigating this emerging patient safety issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacist review of discharge antibiotics for urinary tract infections in the emergency department","authors":"Sarah Temi Sofeso Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Emily Plasencia Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Ana A. Safri Pharm.D., MBA,&nbsp;Cedric S. White Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Natalija Mead Farrell Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Jessica L. Corio Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Danielle Kebadjian Lindale Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Madeline Palmer M.D.,&nbsp;Bryan J. Gendron Pharm.D.","doi":"10.1002/jac5.2009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.2009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emergency medicine (EM) pharmacists provide high-quality patient care in a fast-paced environment by optimizing pharmacotherapy regimens and reducing medication errors. Current literature demonstrates higher rates of medication errors with antibiotics compared with other medication classes. The aim of this quality improvement (QI) project was to reduce medication errors by 25% from baseline for antibiotic discharge prescriptions for urinary tract infections (UTIs). This QI initiative utilized the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Model for Improvement to implement a UTI stewardship intervention and prospective pharmacist review of discharge prescriptions. Patients discharged from the adult ED with an electronic prescription for UTI treatment with select antibiotics were included. The primary outcome metric was the percent of medication errors, defined as a composite of appropriate antibiotic agent, dose, frequency, and treatment duration based on our local treatment algorithm. The balancing metric was time spent per order reviewed. Data over time were assessed using statistical process control charts. A total of 534 antibiotic prescriptions were reviewed from January 9, 2022 to May 31, 2023. The most common indication was cystitis (70%), followed by pyelonephritis (17.4%) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (12.5%). Composite error rate decreased from 64.2% to 5%. Duration of therapy was the most common baseline error and was reduced from 45.3% to 11.6%. Errors in agent, dose and frequency decreased from 19.7% to 3.5%, 10.3% to 0.8% and from 5.7% to 0%, respectively. The aim of this QI initiative was achieved through a series of interventions, including prospective review of discharge antibiotics for UTIs by EM pharmacists, which reduced medication errors. This project demonstrates EM pharmacists have a positive impact in optimization of antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of UTIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community pharmacists' experience, attitudes, and knowledge in providing care to lactating persons","authors":"Michelle M. Szabo Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Chelsea M. Baker Pharm.D., MBA,&nbsp;Mudit Gaur M.S.,&nbsp;Molly A. Nichols Pharm.D., M.S.","doi":"10.1002/jac5.1976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1976","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Breastfed infants have been shown to have a lower incidence of common childhood infections and sudden infant death syndrome. Furthermore, breastfeeding people experience lower rates of post-partum mood disorders. The majority of breastfeeding people stop breastfeeding earlier than they intend. Concern about medication use during lactation is one reason for early discontinuation. It is critical that community pharmacists are prepared to appropriately counsel lactating patients on the effects medications can have on their efforts to breastfeed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To (1) characterize community pharmacists' experience, attitudes, and knowledge regarding medication use during lactation and (2) identify factors impacting pharmacists' knowledge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 52-item electronic survey was used to collect demographics, experiences, attitudes, and knowledge regarding medication use during lactation. Community pharmacists who precepted for a Big Ten College of Pharmacy were eligible to participate in the study. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Microsoft Excel. Multivariable linear regression was performed using R (version 3.6.1) to evaluate which factors influenced total knowledge scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-eight of 1029 pharmacy preceptors (4.7%) completed the survey. The average total knowledge score for respondents was 51.3%. Most (80.0%) respondents agreed or strongly agreed they viewed themselves as valuable healthcare resources to breastfeeding patients. Most (82.5%) agreed or strongly agreed that patients who desire information about how medications can impact breastfeeding will directly ask for it. Fewer than 50% agreed or strongly agreed that pharmacy workflow supported them to look up lactation-related information while working.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pharmacists have low knowledge of medications' effects on milk supply despite their positive attitudes towards breastfeeding and belief they are valuable healthcare resources to their breastfeeding patients. Workflow barriers, expectations that patients will ask for lactation-related information if desired, and gaps in education may be key contributors to lactating patients not getting the information they need regarding medication use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jac5.1976","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can artificial intelligence (AI) educate your patient? A study to assess overall readability and pharmacists' perception of AI-generated patient education materials","authors":"Drew Armstrong Pharm.D.,&nbsp;Caroline Paul B.S.,&nbsp;Brent McGlaughlin Pharm.D.,&nbsp;David Hill Pharm.D.","doi":"10.1002/jac5.2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.2006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pharmacists are critical in providing safe and accurate education to patients on disease states and medications. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the capacity to generate patient education materials at a rapid rate, potentially saving healthcare resources. However, overall accuracy and comfort with these materials by pharmacists need to be assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy, readability, and likelihood of using AI-generated patient education materials for ten common medications and disease states.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method<b>s</b></h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer [ChatGPT] v3.5) was used to create patient education materials for the following medications or disease states: apixaban, Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet, enoxaparin, hypertension, hypoglycemia, myocardial infarction, naloxone, semaglutide, and warfarin. The following prompt, “Write a patient education material for…” with these medications or disease states being at the end of the prompt, was entered into the ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA) software. A similar prompt, “Write a patient education material for…at a 6th-grade reading level or lower” using the same medications and disease states, was then completed. Ten clinical pharmacists were asked to review and assess the time it took them to review each educational material, make clinical and grammatical edits, their confidence in the clinical accuracy of the materials, and the likelihood that they would use them with their patients. These education materials were assessed for readability using the Flesh-Kincaid readability score.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 8 pharmacists completed both sets of reviews for a total of 16 patient education materials assessed. There was no statistical difference in any pharmacist assessment completed between the two prompts. The overall confidence in accuracy was fair, and the overall readability score of the AI-generated materials decreased from 11.65 to 5.87 after reviewing the 6th-grade prompt (<i>p</i> &lt; .001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI-generated patient education materials show promise in clinical practice, however further validation of their clinical accuracy continues to be a burden. It is important to ensure that overall readability for patient education materials is at an appropriate level to increase the likelihood of patient understand","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}