Journal of substance abuse最新文献

{"title":"Alternative measures and models of hazardous consumption","authors":"Deborah A Dawson","doi":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00041-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00041-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hazardous alcohol consumption has been conceptualized (1) as all alcohol consumed on days when some threshold, usually ≈60 g, is exceeded, and (2) as only that portion of intake that exceeds this threshold. The first measure is hypothesized to be a better predictor of acute alcohol-related outcomes, because of its greater capacity to discriminate between individuals who frequently exceed the hazardous threshold by a small amount and those who infrequently exceed the threshold by a large amount. To test this hypothesis, the two approaches were used to construct alternative estimates of a number of measures of hazardous consumption. Individually and in combination, these measures were compared in a series of multiplicative models predicting four alcohol-related outcomes: impaired driving, fighting, interpersonal problems and injuries. There was no consistent evidence for one approach being superior to the other as a predictor of these outcomes. In fact, the use of appropriate linear transformations of the consumption variables had a far greater effect on improving the proportion of variance explained. The most highly predictive models were those based on frequency of hazardous consumption, mean volume of hazardous intake consumed per hazardous drinking day, volume of nonhazardous intake and their interactions. Differences among models were small, and models using combinations of simple, easy-to-obtain measures performed nearly on a par with those utilizing far more complex measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of substance abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00041-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56357422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An alternative to standard drinks as a measure of alcohol consumption","authors":"Lee Ann Kaskutas,&nbsp;Karen Graves","doi":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00042-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00042-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Despite the field's longstanding concern with underreporting of alcohol consumption, traditional survey questions encourage error because respondents often must calculate their number of drinks based on standard drink sizes that often do not match their own drinking style. This study considered how often respondents' self-defined drink sizes matched a ‘standard’ drink size based on approximately 12 g of ethanol for six different beverages. We also studied whether respondents could accurately judge the size of their drinks. Subjects were recruited and interviewed at urban prenatal clinics, health clinics, and via snowball referrals and community outreach in Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area. Because of the urgency of accurate measurement of consumption during pregnancy, urban pregnant women from the groups most at risk for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Native Americans (</span><em>n</em>=102) and African Americans (185), were targeted. A small comparison group of urban pregnant white women (<em>n</em><span>=34) was included. One-hour in-person interviews were conducted. Self-defined drink sizes were determined for each beverage consumed, using models and photographs of vessels. Frequent drinkers and the majority of women who reported drinking higher alcohol content beverages reported drinking larger-than-standard drink sizes. The median size of a malt liquor drink among the daily drinkers was almost three times as large as the standard, their fortified wine drinks were four times the standard, and their spirits drinks were six times the standard size. The majority of drinkers of each beverage were unable to accurately judge the size of their drinks, underestimating the number of fluid ounces by about 30%. Although the vessels methodology used here must be refined and tested further on other populations (e.g., men, nonpregnant women, and all ethnic groups), results suggest that determination of risk levels should be based on survey data that takes into consideration the beverage mix and the actual size of respondents' alcohol drinks.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of substance abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00042-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56357456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marijuana use among adults: a longitudinal study of current and former users","authors":"Sherrie S Aitken ,&nbsp;James DeSantis ,&nbsp;Thomas C Harford ,&nbsp;M.Fe Caces","doi":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00051-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00051-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the pattern of marijuana use among respondents who have passed the age of risk of onset, as well as some of the correlates related to the initiation and current use of marijuana. The data for this study included 8885 respondents drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience of Youth (NLSY). Based on cross-tabulations of lifetime marijuana use in 1984 and 1994, the following outcomes were examined: incidence of lifetime marijuana use, inconsistent reports of lifetime marijuana use, and current compared with former use. Controlling for the effects of all variables studied, significant and independent effects were noted for sociodemographic factors, former patterns of use, and the use of other substances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of substance abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00051-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56357831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental modeling and parenting behavior effects on offspring alcohol and cigarette use: a growth curve analysis","authors":"Helene Raskin White,&nbsp;Valerie Johnson,&nbsp;Steven Buyske","doi":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00056-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00056-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Purpose</strong>: This paper examined the effects of parental drinking and smoking, parental warmth and hostility, and their interactions on offsprings' drinking and smoking over time. <strong>Methods</strong><span>: We used four waves of prospective longitudinal data collected from 218 males and 214 females who were age 15 at Time 1 and age 28 by Time 4. Growth mixture modeling was used to develop offspring trajectory groups of cigarette smokers and alcohol drinkers. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether parent behaviors could predict offspring heavy drinking and smoking trajectories. </span><strong>Results</strong>: Four drinking and three smoking trajectory groups were identified for females and males. Parent drinking rather than parenting behavior predicted heavy drinking by offsprings and mothers' drinking was a slightly better predictor than fathers' drinking for both daughters and sons. Fathers' warmth and hostility was the best predictor of heavy smoking by sons. Neither modeling nor parenting significantly predicted female heavy smoking. For the most part, parent modeling did not interact with parenting behavior to predict smoking or drinking in offspring. <strong>Implications</strong>: Parents affected their offspring's use of alcohol and cigarettes both through modeling and parenting behavior. However, the importance of modeling relative to parenting behavior differed by the type of substance. Prevention programs that focus on both the modeling of parental behaviors, as well as enhancing parenting skills, should be effective in influencing trajectories of substance use throughout adolescence and young adulthood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of substance abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00056-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56358087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensions of alcohol-related social and health consequences in survey research","authors":"Gerhard Gmel ,&nbsp;Jürgen Rehm ,&nbsp;Robin Room ,&nbsp;Thomas K Greenfield","doi":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00044-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00044-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dimensions of alcohol-related social and health consequences are approached from two different perspectives. First, classical approaches with factor analytic techniques are used to empirically determine the dimensionality of item batteries intended to measure harm. Second, a closer look is taken at theoretically underlying dimensions of social and health consequences and their association with alcohol consumption. Using as empirical material data from the US national survey of males aged 21–59 (N3) conducted in 1969, the following specific questions are discussed: (1) What are the underlying dimensions of alcohol-related social and health consequences? (2) How should the relation between alcohol consumption and consequences best be assessed (in terms of epidemiological traditions or social constructivist traditions)? (3) How can we best incorporate the time perspective into modeling the relationship between alcohol consumption and consequences? A first attempt is made to develop practical guidelines for future research on handling these problems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of substance abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00044-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56357529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of social and health statistics in measuring harm from alcohol","authors":"Tim Stockwell,&nbsp;Tanya Chikritzhs,&nbsp;Sally Brinkman","doi":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00046-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00046-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Since excess use of alcohol contributes to so many varieties of health and social harms, in most countries, there are many potential sources of data indicative of alcohol-related harms. In few instances, compilation and interpretation of these data are straightforward, but, mostly, they are open to various sources of measurement error, which need to be taken into account if they are to be applied for research purposes. Police and health statistics are the major source of such information, but the underlying systems are not usually set up with the purpose of monitoring alcohol-related events. In both of these domains, types of events can be identified, which are wholly attributable to excess alcohol use, i.e. drunk-driving, alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Specific alcohol-related events are particularly prone to variations in, respectively, police enforcement practices, medical diagnostic fashion and sensitivity to prejudices about alcohol-related problems. A case will be made in this paper for the use of multiple surrogate measures of alcohol-related harm drawn from several sources in order to measure and track local, regional and national trends. For health statistics on mortality and morbidity, the </span>aetiologic fraction (AF) method will be recommended for such monitoring purposes. It will also be recommended that these data be categorised by the degree to which cases are attributable to alcohol and also by whether the underlying hazardous drinking pattern is a brief drinking bout or a sustained pattern of heavy intake over a number of years. Nighttime occurrences of road crashes, public violence from both police and emergency room attendance data will also be recommended. It will be argued that routine recording of alcohol relatedness of events is usually unreliable, and the above surrogate measures are preferable. Recommendations will also be made for utilising national surveys of drinking behaviour to improve the calculation of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality, as well as refine estimates of per capita alcohol consumption, another major ‘surrogate’ measure of alcohol-related harm. The arguments will be illustrated with reference to Australia's National Alcohol Indicators Project and related research projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of substance abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00046-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56357638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The measurement of drinking patterns and alcohol problems in Nigeria","authors":"Isidore Silas Obot","doi":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00047-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00047-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As in most other societies, alcoholic beverages have been consumed in what is present-day Nigeria for a long time. Before the arrival of western factory-made drinks, alcohol consumption was limited to a variety of beverages produced from palm trees and food grains. Today, beer has become the most popular drink in the country but traditional beverages (palm wine, <em>burukutu</em>, <em>ogogoro</em>, <em>pito</em><span>) are still widely consumed in both rural and urban areas. Though research has shown that heavy drinking seems to be the norm among those who drink any type of alcohol, there is no clear association between drinking and social or health problems. On the other hand, certain types of beverages are linked with positive attributes. Despite their potential significance, these and other issues have not received the attention they deserve in the alcohol research literature on Nigeria and other African countries. The focus of this paper is on the need to take into consideration relevant measurement issues (e.g., container and serving size, alcohol contents, drinking expectancies, perceived risks associated with the consumption of different types of alcoholic beverages, as well as reasons for drinking) in alcohol research. It is suggested that a better understanding of these and related factors is necessary for the advancement of alcohol epidemiology in the country.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of substance abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00047-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56357673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of substance abuse problems among drug-involved offenders: evidence for the telescoping effect","authors":"Amie L. Haas,&nbsp;Roger H. Peters","doi":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00053-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00053-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The present study was designed to evaluate gender differences in the development of substance abuse disorders among drug-involved offenders and to determine whether women in this population exhibit a telescoping effect (i.e., acceleration in the progression from substance use to substance abuse), which has been observed in other settings. <strong>Method:</strong><span> Participants consisted of 160 polysubstance-abusing individuals (118 men, 42 women) who were admitted to two Florida drug court programs. Data were obtained from the Addiction Severity Index, intake interviews, and archival court records. </span><strong>Results:</strong><span> Female and male offenders differed significantly in the developmental trajectory of their addiction. Women offenders initiated alcohol and marijuana use significantly later in life than their male cohorts but began using cocaine earlier in the course of their addiction. Women also reported more problems related to cocaine use and significantly more prior treatment episodes. Women were found to have a shorter latency from first use of cocaine to cocaine abuse. Findings are consistent with those of previous studies examining gender differences among individuals referred for substance abuse treatment. Future directions for research and implications for treatment planning are discussed.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of substance abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00053-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56357890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of early inhalant use to substance use in college students","authors":"Melanie E. Bennett ,&nbsp;Scott T. Walters ,&nbsp;Joseph H. Miller ,&nbsp;W.Gill Woodall","doi":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00052-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00052-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the relationship between early inhalant use and later substance use in a sample of college students. Data were taken from four campus-wide surveys that assessed changes in rates of substance use over time at a large Southwestern university. Within these surveys, a group of students (<em>n</em>=187) who reported early use of inhalants (i.e., before age 18) was identified and examined in terms of their substance use behavior while in college (i.e., during the year and month prior to the survey). These students were compared to two other groups of students: those who reported early use of marijuana but no early use of inhalants (<em>n</em>=1271) and students who reported no early use of either inhalants or marijuana (<em>n</em><span><span>=1479). Results show that early use of either inhalants or marijuana substantially increased risk of frequent drinking, binge drinking, smoking, </span>illicit drug<span> use, and substance-related consequences during the college years. However, the early use of inhalants conferred the greatest risk and was associated with twice the rate of binge and frequent drinking and significantly greater rates of tobacco and drug use than early marijuana use alone. Implications of these findings for intervention and prevention with college students are discussed.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of substance abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00052-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56357860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ways of measuring drinking patterns and the difference they make: experience with graduated frequencies","authors":"Tom K. Greenfield","doi":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00039-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00039-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reviews methodological issues in assessing volume and pattern of alcohol consumption. It focuses on three measures developed at the Alcohol Research Group (ARG) to assess frequencies of drinking in a graduated series of quantity intervals, called the <em>graduated quantity–frequency</em> (QF) approach. The three measures include two reference periods, 30 days and 12 months, and use three distinct ways of assembling the graduated QF data. The Cahalan–Treiman 30-day measure, developed for self-administered mail surveys, targets daily amounts of beverage alcohol, with thresholds asked in <em>ascending</em> order. The other two measures use <em>descending</em> quantity ranges. The Knupfer Series (KS) asks for three beverage-specific quantity levels. The Graduated Frequencies (GF) measure assesses intake of combined alcohol with five levels. Both are available in face-to-face and telephone formats. All three measures inquire about consumption in the metric of “drinks,” defined within the form or interview; each is useful for estimating volume and pattern of consumption. Methodological studies with the GF include comparisons with other measures, between- and within-subject interview comparisons, and qualitative protocol analyses designed to examine cognitive response processes. Uses for each measure are considered, and recommendations are made for improvement and more thorough specification of drinking patterns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of substance abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0899-3289(00)00039-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56357324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}