Journal of responsible technology最新文献_第10页

Explainability for experts: A design framework for making algorithms supporting expert decisions more explainable 专家可解释性：使支持专家决策的算法更具可解释性的设计框架

Journal of responsible technology Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100017

Auste Simkute , Ewa Luger , Bronwyn Jones , Michael Evans , Rhianne Jones

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引用次数: 12

“Computer says no”: Algorithmic decision support and organisational responsibility “计算机拒绝”：算法决策支持和组织责任

Journal of responsible technology Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100014

Angelika Adensamer , Rita Gsenger , Lukas Daniel Klausner

引用次数: 7

The agency of the forum: Mechanisms for algorithmic accountability through the lens of agency 论坛的机构：通过机构视角进行算法问责的机制

Journal of responsible technology Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100015

Florian Cech

引用次数: 4

Causality-based accountability mechanisms for socio-technical systems 基于因果关系的社会技术系统问责机制

Journal of responsible technology Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100016

Amjad Ibrahim, Stavros Kyriakopoulos, Alexander Pretschner

{"title":"Causality-based accountability mechanisms for socio-technical systems","authors":"Amjad Ibrahim, Stavros Kyriakopoulos, Alexander Pretschner","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the rapid deployment of socio-technical systems into all aspects of daily life, we need to be prepared for their failures. It is inherently impractical to specify all the lawful interactions of these systems, in turn, the possibility of invalid interactions cannot be excluded at design time. As modern systems might harm people, or compromise assets if they fail, they ought to be accountable. Accountability is an interdisciplinary concept that cannot be easily described as a holistic technical property of a system. Thus, in this paper, we propose a bottom-up approach to enable accountability using goal-specific accountability mechanisms. Each mechanism provides forensic capabilities that help us to identify the root cause for a specific type of events, both to eliminate the underlying (technical) problem and to assign blame. This paper presents the different ingredients that are required to design and build an accountability mechanism and focuses on the technical and practical utilization of causality theories as a cornerstone to achieve our goal. To the best of our knowledge, the literature lacks a systematic methodology to envision, design, and implement abilities that promote accountability in systems. With a case study from the area of microservice-based systems, which we deem representative of modern complex systems, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach as a whole. We show that it is generic enough to accommodate different accountability goals and mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666659621000093/pdfft?md5=70a06e5c6bb7727c37ce86ad9a9191e0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666659621000093-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46987346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Role of Engineers in Harmonising Human Values for AI Systems Design 工程师在人工智能系统设计中协调人类价值观的作用

Journal of responsible technology Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-709596/v1

Steven Umbrello

引用次数: 10

‘Toward a Global Social Contract for Trade’ - a Rawlsian approach to Blockchain Systems Design and Responsible Trade Facilitation in the New Bretton Woods era “走向全球贸易社会契约”——新布雷顿森林时代的区块链系统设计和负责任贸易便利化的罗尔斯方法

Journal of responsible technology Pub Date : 2021-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100011

Arnold Lim , Enrong Pan

{"title":"‘Toward a Global Social Contract for Trade’ - a Rawlsian approach to Blockchain Systems Design and Responsible Trade Facilitation in the New Bretton Woods era","authors":"Arnold Lim , Enrong Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Imminent changes to the international monetary system alongside a shift toward more egalitarian principles of justice in commercial contracts for trade are now taking place. Such changes however do not sufficiently account for circumstances of hardship, or black-swan events such as COVID-19, whereby the relative losers of trading arrangements should continue to receive outcomes which are not only efficient, but also fair and resilient. We argue that the ‘Society-in-the-Loop’ (SITL) social contract paradigm, in conjunction with the use of Strategic Responsible Innovation Management (StRIM), can together provide a solution for improving distributive justice in trade. Through collaboration with a locally based trade facilitation company, we describe the innovation-planning phase of a blockchain smart contract solution based on Derek Leben's idea of a ‘Rawlsian Algorithm’ (2017). It is demonstrated how this can be used to strengthen the algorithmic fairness of commercial contract implementation in accordance with existing ISO 20022 standards. Since currently no formal design framework exists for modeling blockchain oriented software (BOS), an agile development approach is adopted which takes account of the substantial difference between traditional software development and smart contracts. This method involves the construction of UML Use Case, Sequence, and Class diagrams, with a view to blockchain specificities. Evaluation and feedback from the company is also considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47201164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

BOOK REVIEW: Responsibility beyond innovation 书评：超越创新的责任

Journal of responsible technology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100009

Danielle Shanley

引用次数: 0

Responsible research and innovation in practice an exploratory assessment of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in a Nanomedicine Project 负责任的研究和实践创新——纳米医学项目关键绩效指标（KPI）的探索性评估

Journal of responsible technology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100008

Zenlin Kwee, Emad Yaghmaei, Steven Flipse

引用次数: 9

Is RRI a new R&I logic? A reflection from an integrated RRI project RRI是一种新的R&I逻辑吗？综合RRI项目的反思

Journal of responsible technology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2020.100007

Ellen-Marie Forsberg , Erik Thorstensen , Flávia Dias Casagrande , Torhild Holthe , Liv Halvorsrud , Anne Lund , Evi Zouganeli

{"title":"Is RRI a new R&I logic? A reflection from an integrated RRI project","authors":"Ellen-Marie Forsberg , Erik Thorstensen , Flávia Dias Casagrande , Torhild Holthe , Liv Halvorsrud , Anne Lund , Evi Zouganeli","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2020.100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2020.100007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article presents an analysis of a project in the field of assisted living technologies (ALT) for older adults where Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is used as an overall approach to the research and technology development work. Taking the project's three literature reviews - conducted in the fields of health science oriented towards occupational therapy, ICT research and development, and RRI - as starting points it applies perspectives from institutional logics to analyse the tension between RRI as an overall research and innovation (R&I) logic versus a disciplinary logic. This tension complicates the implementation of RRI, and we argue for giving this question more visibility. The article concludes that this project, from the funder's side and the project leader's side, was intended to be an example of research and technology development carried out within a new RRI R&I logic, but that it in large parts was conducted as a multidisciplinary project with RRI as a quasi-disciplinary logic in part in parallel with and in part in conflict with other logics in the project.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jrt.2020.100007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72121749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons Facebook的Project Aria指出，在下议院广泛部署AR和其他普及技术时，负责任的创新存在问题

Journal of responsible technology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010

Sally A. Applin , Catherine Flick

{"title":"Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons","authors":"Sally A. Applin , Catherine Flick","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nearly every week, a technology company is introducing a new surveillance technology, varying from applying facial recognition to observing and cataloguing behaviours of the public in the Commons and private spaces, to listening and recording what we say, or mapping what we do, where we go, and who we're with—or as much of these facets of our lives as can be accessed. As such, the general public writ-large has had to wrestle with the colonization of publicly funded space, and the outcomes to each of our personal lives as a result of the massive harvesting and storing of our data, and the potential machine learning and processing applied to that data. Facebook, once content to harvest our data through its website, cookies, and apps on mobile phones and computers, has now planned to follow us more deeply into the Commons by developing new mapping technology combined with smart camera equipped Augmented Reality (AR) eyeglasses, that will track, render and record the Commons—and us with it. The resulting data will privately benefit Facebook's continued goal to expand its worldwide reach and growth. In this paper, we examine the ethical implications of Facebook's Project Aria research pilot through the perspectives of Responsible Innovation, comparing both existing understandings of Responsible Research and Innovation and Facebook's own Responsible Innovation Principles; we contextualise Project Aria within the Commons through applying current social multi-dimensional communications theory to understand the extensive socio-technological implications of Project Aria within society and culture; and we address the potentially serious consequences of the Facebook Project Aria experiment, inspiring countless other companies to shift their focus to compete with Project Aria, or beat it to the consumer marketplace.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72121751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14