Advances in respiratory medicine最新文献

{"title":"Safety of Performing Spirometry During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Zofia Potocka, Katarzyna Górska, Radosław Ciesielski, Dorota Bomba-Opoń, Mirosław Wielgoś, Piotr Korczyński","doi":"10.3390/arm94020017","DOIUrl":"10.3390/arm94020017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>: It is estimated that up to 75% of pregnant women complain of dyspnea at some point during pregnancy. Asthma is the most common chronic pulmonary disease complicating pregnancy. Well controlled asthma does not affect pregnancy negatively. However, asthma exacerbations are linked with several adverse perinatal outcomes. As diligent treatment of asthma significantly reduces the number of asthma exacerbations, it is important to properly detect asthmatic patients among pregnant women in order to provide them with better care. The most efficient way to diagnose asthma is to perform spirometry with a reversibility test. There are no studies that have examined the safety of performing spirometry and, more specifically, a reversibility test, during pregnancy. <b>Objectives</b>: In this systematic review we aimed to review current available data regarding the safety of performing spirometry and a reversibility test during pregnancy. <b>Patients and methods</b>: For this systematic review, we searched PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. We used the following search terms: (pregnancy); (spirometry); (lung function test); (pulmonary function test); (reversibility test); (post-bronchodilator challenge); (safety). <b>Results</b>: We collected reports of spirometry performed on pregnant women and analyzed them for complications that occurred during the procedure. Out of 13,594 records identified for the aforementioned search words, we included 78 documents that met the inclusion criteria. In total, the studies consisted of over 33,405 spirometry attempts performed by 10,617 pregnant women. Additionally, the reversibility test was conducted in nine studies. In all of the selected articles, there were no reports of adverse events occurring while performing spirometry. <b>Conclusions</b>: In this systematic review we aimed to summarize the current available data about the safety of performing spirometry during pregnancy. Several studies have investigated pulmonary function tests during pregnancy. No studies reported any adverse events that occurred while performing the procedure. In order to better characterize the safety profile of spirometry, including during pregnancy, further prospective studies systematically reporting on adverse symptoms during spirometry are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":7391,"journal":{"name":"Advances in respiratory medicine","volume":"94 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Dolu, K.O. Comment on \"Topaloglu et al. Machine Learning-Driven Lung Sound Analysis: Novel Methodology for Asthma Diagnosis. <i>Adv. Respir. Med.</i> 2025, <i>93</i>, 32\".","authors":"Ihsan Topaloglu, Gulfem Ozduygu, Cagri Atasoy, Guntug Batıhan, Damla Serce, Gulsah Inanc, Mutlu Onur Güçsav, Arif Metehan Yıldız, Turker Tuncer, Sengul Dogan, Prabal Datta Barua","doi":"10.3390/arm94020016","DOIUrl":"10.3390/arm94020016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thank you for forwarding the external comment regarding our published article (Machine Learning-Driven Lung Sound Analysis: Novel Methodology for Asthma Diagnosis) [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":7391,"journal":{"name":"Advances in respiratory medicine","volume":"94 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on Topaloglu et al. Machine Learning-Driven Lung Sound Analysis: Novel Methodology for Asthma Diagnosis. <i>Adv. Respir. Med.</i> 2025, <i>93</i>, 32.","authors":"Kazim Okan Dolu","doi":"10.3390/arm94020015","DOIUrl":"10.3390/arm94020015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I am writing regarding the article titled \"Machine Learning-Driven Lung Sound Analysis: Novel Methodology for Asthma Diagnosis\" published by Topaloglu et al [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":7391,"journal":{"name":"Advances in respiratory medicine","volume":"94 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Dupilumab on Small Airway Disease in Severe Asthma: A 12-Month Retrospective Real-World Study.","authors":"Lorenzo Carriera, Angelo Coppola, Roberto Lipsi, Stefano Baglioni, Pier-Valerio Mari, Roberto Barone, Simone Ielo, Raffaele Scala, Andrea Smargiassi, Riccardo Inchingolo, Luca Richeldi, Valeria Gambacorta, Alfredo Di Giovanni, Eugenio De Corso","doi":"10.3390/arm94020014","DOIUrl":"10.3390/arm94020014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small-airway disease (SAD) is a key feature of severe asthma and is associated with poor symptom control and frequent exacerbations. Dupilumab has demonstrated efficacy in improving lung function and reducing exacerbations, but real-world evidence on its effects in SAD remains limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of 12 months of dupilumab treatment on SAD, clinical outcomes, and type 2 inflammation. We included 21 patients. Small-airway function was assessed by impulse oscillometry (R5-R20) and spirometry FEF25-75% predicted at baseline (T0) and after 3 (T3), 6 (T6), and 12 (T12) months of treatment. Additional assessments included FEV₁, the Asthma Control Test (ACT), exacerbation frequency, oral corticosteroid (OCS) use, the blood eosinophil count (BEC), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). At baseline, 62% of patients exhibited SAD (R5-R20 > 0.07 kPa/L/s). Dupilumab treatment led to a significant and sustained improvement in small-airway function: mean R5-R20 decreased from 0.18 ± 0.17 kPa/L/s to 0.09 ± 0.07 at T12 (<i>p</i> = 0.04), while predicted FEF25-75% increased from 29.5 ± 20.8% to 47.0 ± 21.1% (<i>p</i> < 0.001). ACT scores improved from 13.1 ± 4.9 to 19.6 ± 3.8 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). FeNO levels declined from 64.1 ± 50.7 ppb to 24.8 ± 20.9 ppb (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Improvements in R5-R20 correlated with better ACT and FeNO reductions. In this real-world cohort, dupilumab significantly improved SAD, lung function, and asthma control, while reducing exacerbations, OCS dependence, and type 2 inflammation over 12 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":7391,"journal":{"name":"Advances in respiratory medicine","volume":"94 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Respiratory Function and Exercise Capacity in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Saja Alrashedi, Lama Alharbi, Meshal Alotaibi, Inad Alzahrani, Albara Jad, Qamar Aldoboke, Suroor Algethami, Raghda Alrabah, Rana Alharbi, Ali Al Nuwaiser, Mohammed Al-Hariri","doi":"10.3390/arm94010013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/arm94010013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by respiratory muscle weakness, limited exercise tolerance, and reduced quality of life, but inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has emerged as a potential non-pharmacological strategy to improve functional outcomes in this population. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of isolated IMT on respiratory function, exercise capacity, symptom burden, and safety in adults with PH. (2) Methods: A systematic search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials involving adults with PH who underwent isolated IMT were included, and respiratory muscle strength, spirometric parameters, exercise capacity, dyspnea, fatigue, quality of life, and adverse events were the outcomes that were assessed. Data were pooled using meta-analytic techniques where appropriate. (3) Results: A total of 130 participants, assigned to five randomized controlled trials, met the inclusion criteria. IMT significantly improved maximal inspiratory pressure (MD = +24.01 cmH₂O), maximal expiratory pressure (MD = +23.64 cmH₂O), and six-minute walk distance (MD = +60.61 m), but no significant changes were observed in spirometric indices (FEV₁%, FVC%, and FEV₁/FVC). While several individual studies demonstrated clinically relevant improvements in six-minute walk distance, the pooled analysis did not demonstrate a statistically significant effect. IMT consistently reduced dyspnea and fatigue and improved quality-of-life domains. No serious adverse events were reported, and adherence was high. (4) Conclusions: IMT is a safe and feasible adjunct intervention in PH, providing meaningful improvements in respiratory muscle strength and symptom burden. Further large-scale trials are warranted to confirm its long-term clinical benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":7391,"journal":{"name":"Advances in respiratory medicine","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend Analysis of Respiratory Disease Mortality in the Population Aged 65 and over in Poland: Results from a Registry Study (2000-2022).","authors":"Monika Burzyńska, Małgorzata Pikala","doi":"10.3390/arm94010012","DOIUrl":"10.3390/arm94010012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Respiratory diseases remain a major contributor to mortality in Europe, yet national long-term analyses rarely explore sex- and age-specific temporal patterns in detail. Large international datasets provide aggregated estimates but may obscure country-specific trend changes relevant for public health planning. The aim of the study was to assess long-term trends in mortality from chronic lower respiratory diseases (ICD-10: J40-J47) as well as pneumonia and influenza. (ICD-10: J10-J18) in Poland, with particular emphasis on sex- and age-specific trajectories and joinpoint-defined changes over time. <b>Methods</b>: All deaths among Polish residents aged ≥65 years were analysed using nationwide mortality registry data. Age-standardised death rates (SDRs) were calculated, and temporal trends were assessed using joinpoint regression models to estimate annual percentage changes (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC). <b>Results</b>: The proportion of deaths attributable to respiratory diseases increased in both men and women across early (65-74 years) and late (≥75 years) old age. Mortality from chronic lower respiratory diseases declined throughout the study period among men, with the most pronounced reductions observed in the early 2000s, particularly among those aged ≥75 years, while trends among women remained largely stable or showed only gradual declines. In contrast, mortality from pneumonia and influenza rose markedly across all sex and age subgroups, with distinct trend reversals observed after 2008-2009. <b>Conclusions</b>: Long-term respiratory mortality trends in Poland exhibit marked sex- and age-specific differences that are not fully captured by aggregated international analyses. These findings highlight the importance of country-level, stratified assessments when interpreting respiratory mortality patterns and underscore the need for caution when relying on single time-point indicators for risk assessment and policy planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":7391,"journal":{"name":"Advances in respiratory medicine","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of L-Arginine and Liposomal Vitamin C Supplementation as an Adjunct in Seasonal Respiratory Viral Infection Recovery.","authors":"Valentina Trimarco, Paola Gallo, Seyedali Ghazihosseini, Alessia Izzo, Paola Ida Rozza, Alessandra Spinelli, Stefano Cristiano, Carlo De Rosa, Felicia Rozza, Carmine Morisco","doi":"10.3390/arm94010011","DOIUrl":"10.3390/arm94010011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory seasonal viral infections remain one of the most important issues in community medicine. The heterogeneity of etiological agents and the characteristics of the hosts airway antiviral defenses account for the complex management of these infections. The clinical consequence of this picture is that, despite the widespread use of vaccination as the primary prevention strategy, the rates of acute respiratory complications remain still high. In addition, they determine post-infectious fatigue and organ dysfunction. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the principal pathogenic mechanisms responsible for clinical complications during respiratory seasonal viral infections. Nowadays, a growing body of evidence indicates that adjunctive nutritional support can contribute to relieve the symptoms during the acute and subacute phases of respiratory viral infections. We assess the data in the literature regarding the combination of L-Arginine and Liposomal Vitamin C as adjuvant treatment for respiratory seasonal viral infections. The database of the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) was searched using the keywords \"L-Arginine, Vitamin C, dietary supplements, seasonal respiratory viral infections\". The treatment of symptoms during acute and post-acute respiratory viral infections requires an integrated approach that includes vitamins and nutritional supplementation. The combination of L-Arginine and Liposomal Vitamin C seems to represent a nutritional support able to mitigate symptoms occurring during the acute or post-acute phase of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7391,"journal":{"name":"Advances in respiratory medicine","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Causes, Severity, and Treatment Outcomes Between Women and Men with Chronic Cough.","authors":"Aleksandra Marchwińska, Katarzyna Mazurek, Katarzyna Białek-Gosk, Elżbieta M Grabczak, Olga Truba, Karolina Klimowicz, Marta Dąbrowska","doi":"10.3390/arm94010010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/arm94010010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A chronic cough, defined as a cough persisting for more than eight weeks in adults, is a common clinical problem with a significant impact on patients' quality of life. This study compares the etiological spectrum and treatment effectiveness of chronic cough in male and female patients. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients diagnosed in the cough clinic between 2017 and 2021. The response to treatment was assessed based on the reduction in cough severity measured using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). This study included 231 patients: 164 women (70.9%) and 67 men (29.1%). The median duration of cough was 48 months (IQR 24-120). There were no gender differences in age, BMI, smoking history, cough duration, or severity at the initial visit. Upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were diagnosed more frequently in men than in women (UACS: 75% vs. 53%, <i>p</i> = 0.002; OSA: 21% vs. 6%, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Cough severity significantly decreased in both groups; the median VAS score dropped from 55 to 40 mm in women (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and from 69 to 39 mm in men (<i>p</i> = 0.009). The effectiveness of chronic cough treatment, measured by the median reduction in VAS score, was greater in men than in women (32 mm vs. 17.5 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.006). These gender-specific differences in cough etiology and treatment response suggest that a \"one-size-fits-all\" approach may be inadequate.</p>","PeriodicalId":7391,"journal":{"name":"Advances in respiratory medicine","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutralization of Microbiota-Derived Corisin Shows Early Amelioration of Advanced Pulmonary Fibrosis.","authors":"Kazuki Furuhashi, Hajime Fujimoto, Masaaki Toda, Corina N D'Alessandro-Gabazza, Atsuro Takeshita, Kota Nishihama, Tomohito Okano, Haruko Saiki, Atsushi Tomaru, Valeria Fridman D'Alessandro, Isaac Cann, Esteban C Gabazza, Taro Yasuma, Osamu Hataji, Tetsu Kobayashi","doi":"10.3390/arm94010009","DOIUrl":"10.3390/arm94010009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Corisin, a microbiota-derived proapoptotic peptide, has emerged as a key mediator of epithelial injury, inflammation, and acute exacerbation in fibrotic lung disease. Although acute corisin inhibition prevents exacerbations in experimental models, its therapeutic impact on established pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. This study evaluated the short-term efficacy of corisin neutralization in advanced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-driven lung fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male TGF-β1 transgenic mice with established fibrosis were allocated to computed tomography-matched groups and treated intraperitoneally with an anti-corisin monoclonal antibody (clone 21A) or control IgG every two days for one week. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis, histopathology, assessment of apoptosis, Ashcroft scoring, and lung hydroxyproline quantification were performed on day 8.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anti-corisin treatment significantly reduced BALF inflammatory cell counts, including macrophages and lymphocytes. Histological analyses demonstrated decreased alveolar epithelial apoptosis, reduced collagen deposition, and significantly lower Ashcroft fibrosis scores. Lung hydroxyproline content was also markedly decreased, indicating attenuation of extracellular matrix accumulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short-term neutralization of microbiota-derived corisin rapidly alleviates inflammation, epithelial injury, and fibrotic remodeling in advanced TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis. These findings identify corisin as an upstream driver of ongoing fibrogenesis and support its potential as a therapeutic target in progressive fibrotic lung disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7391,"journal":{"name":"Advances in respiratory medicine","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Versus Nocturnal Oxygen in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Propensity Score Matching Study.","authors":"Carlos Granados-Burgos, Eduardo Tuta-Quintero, Paula Romero, Laura Gómez-Castro, Alirio Bastidas, Johan Rincón, Sergio Torres, Diego Rodríguez, Kamil Faizal, Juan Moreno, Santiago Monsalve, Estefania Couto, Sofia Yanes, David Torres, Juan Sandoval, Juan Hernández","doi":"10.3390/arm94010008","DOIUrl":"10.3390/arm94010008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects quality of life and increases cardiovascular risk. Nocturnal oxygen therapy (NOT) offers a potential alternative for patients intolerant to CPAP. The objective of this study was to compare NOT and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) by evaluating five-year survival in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using propensity score matching (PSM) methodology. A PSM analysis was conducted to reduce selection bias due to differences in baseline characteristics between patients using CPAP and those receiving oxygen therapy. Balance between treated and untreated groups was assessed using standardized mean differences. A PSM was estimated using a logistic regression model, matching patients adherent to CPAP therapy to those treated with NOT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 497 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of OSA were included in the analysis. The mean age was 62.1 years (SD13.6), and 54.3% (270/497) were male. Overall, 42.1% (209/497) of the patients were over 65 years old. Of the total, 303 patients received CPAP therapy and 194 received NOT. After PSM, a matched cohort of 370 patients (185 per group) was obtained. The CPAP-treated group showed a significantly lower residual Apnea-Hypopnea Index compared to the oxygen therapy group (3.9, IQR: 1.8-6.5 vs. 15, IQR:7.5-29.1; <i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating better physiological control of respiratory events. Treatment with CPAP was associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality compared with NOT across analytical approaches, including weighted logistic regression (OR = 0.11; 95% CI 0.02-0.48; <i>p</i> = 0.004) and PSM with bootstrap estimation (ATT = -0.12; 95% CI -0.22 to -0.01; <i>p</i> = 0.030).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cohort, higher five-year survival was observed among patients with OSA treated with CPAP compared with those receiving supplemental oxygen. These findings indicate a favorable association between CPAP use and long-term outcomes, supporting its role as the preferred first-line therapy in patients with OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":7391,"journal":{"name":"Advances in respiratory medicine","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}