Journal of psychopathology and clinical science最新文献

{"title":"Personality in psychosis decades after onset: Tests of models of the relations between psychopathology and personality.","authors":"Elizabeth A Martin, Jennifer M Blank, Katherine G Jonas, Wenxuan Lian, Roman Kotov","doi":"10.1037/abn0000971","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Models have been put forth to describe relations between psychopathology and personality. However, the relation in individuals with psychotic disorders is unclear. As a test of models of psychopathology-personality in psychosis, the current study included 239 individuals, each with one of four psychotic disorders-schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder with psychotic features (BPp), major depressive disorder with psychotic features (MDDp), and substance-induced psychosis (SIP)-and compared their personality to a never-psychotic sample (NP; <i>n</i> = 257). In support of the complication + scar model, we found SZ, BPp, MDDp, and SIP were significantly higher on neuroticism and detachment, and most were higher on mistrust and eccentric perceptions than the NP group (average Cohen's <i>d</i> = |0.83| across all personality measures). Also compared to the NP group, SZ was lower on extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness; MDDp was lower on extraversion and conscientiousness; and SIP was lower on agreeableness and conscientiousness (average Cohen's <i>d</i> = |0.77|). Differences were observed among the psychotic disorder groups (SZ, BPp, MDDp, SIP), with effects up to <i>d</i> = 1.38. In support of the complication model, the non-recovered group was significantly higher on mistrust, eccentric perceptions, and detachment but lower on extraversion and conscientiousness than the recovered group (average <i>d</i> = |0.57| across measures). In support of the scar model, individuals who met threshold for recovery continued to manifest personality deviations, although smaller in magnitude (average <i>d</i> = |0.32| across measures) compared to NP. Overall, we found support for the complication and scar models, suggesting that while symptoms are associated with personality differences, psychosis is associated with permanent personality alterations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"251-261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of high-dosage experiments in everyday life to test theories in clinical science.","authors":"Jesse R Cougle","doi":"10.1037/abn0000956","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This viewpoint article discusses the utility of high-dosage experiments (HDEs) in everyday life to test theories in clinical science. HDEs involve experimental manipulations and assessments that occur over much longer periods of time than traditional experiments-generally days or even weeks. By nature, they also occur outside the lab, in the everyday environments of participants. Additionally, as with other experiments, the purpose of the study is concealed from participants. Experimental design is one of the most distinguishable characteristics of psychology that separates it from other behavioral sciences. Studies that rely on experiments are essential for theory testing and establishing the potential causal role of mechanisms that underlie psychopathology. Yet despite the value of experimental research, experimental studies are not currently given special prominence in clinical psychological science. For example, in the <i>Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science</i>, of all the empirical studies in the most recent year (2023), only three of 77 incorporated an experimental manipulation. Experimental research appears to be less popular in clinical psychology than in other fields, such as social psychology. What might account for this discrepancy? First, clinical samples are more difficult to recruit. This is important because experimental manipulations may produce small effects that require large samples for detection. Additionally, mechanisms hypothesized to underlie psychopathology are often chronic and intransigent. For example, cognitive factors (e.g., perfectionistic beliefs) could require an especially strong manipulation to modify in isolation. Researchers have argued that psychology has been experiencing a crisis in theory development. Eronen and Bringmann (2021) stated that one major reason for this crisis is the difficulty in establishing causal relationships between psychological constructs. The replication crisis has garnered even more attention (Open Science Collaboration, 2015). HDEs would help address these two crises and provide stronger and more replicable tests of theory. This could allow us to more precisely identify important mechanisms underlying psychopathology, potentially enhancing treatment efficacy, and enabling us to move the field forward. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"213-214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic reexperiencing and alcohol use: Mediofrontal theta as a neural mechanism for negative reinforcement.","authors":"Eric Rawls, Craig A Marquardt, Spencer T Fix, Edward Bernat, Scott R Sponheim","doi":"10.1037/abn0000925","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over half of U.S. military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) use alcohol heavily, potentially to cope with their symptoms. This study investigated the neural underpinnings of PTSD symptoms and heavy drinking in veterans. We focused on brain responses to salient outcomes within predictive coding theory. This framework suggests the brain generates prediction errors (PEs) when outcomes deviate from expectations. Alcohol use might provide negative reinforcement by reducing the salience of negatively valenced PEs and dampening experiences like loss. We analyzed electroencephalography responses to unpredictable gain/loss feedback in <i>n</i> = 82 veterans of Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom. We used time-frequency principal components analysis of event-related potentials to isolate neural responses indicative of PEs, identifying mediofrontal theta linked to losses (feedback-related negativity) and central delta associated with gains (reward positivity). Intrusive reexperiencing symptoms of PTSD were associated with intensified mediofrontal theta signaling during losses, suggesting heightened negative PE sensitivity. Conversely, increased hazardous alcohol use was associated with reduced theta responses, implying a dampening of these negative PEs. The separate delta-reward positivity component showed associations with alcohol use but not PTSD symptoms. The findings suggest a common neural component of PTSD and hazardous alcohol use involving altered PE processing. We suggest that reexperiencing enhances the intensity of salient negative PEs, while chronic alcohol use may reduce their intensity, thereby providing negative reinforcement by muting posttraumatic distress and associated brain responses. Modifying the mediofrontal theta response could address the intertwined nature of PTSD symptoms and alcohol use, providing new avenues for treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"308-318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional connectivity subtypes during a positive mood induction: Predicting clinical response in a randomized controlled trial of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression.","authors":"Shabnam Hossein, Mary L Woody, Benjamin Panny, Crystal Spotts, Meredith L Wallace, Sanjay J Mathew, Robert H Howland, Rebecca B Price","doi":"10.1037/abn0000951","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ketamine has shown promise in rapidly improving symptoms of depression and most notably treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, given the heterogeneity of TRD, biobehavioral markers of treatment response are necessary for the personalized prescription of intravenous ketamine. Heterogeneity in depression can be manifested in discrete patterns of functional connectivity (FC) in default mode, ventral affective, and cognitive control networks. This study employed a data-driven approach to parse FC during positive mood processing to characterize subgroups of patients with TRD prior to infusion and determine whether these connectivity-based subgroups could predict subsequent antidepressant response to ketamine compared to saline infusion. 152 adult patients with TRD completed a baseline assessment of FC during positive mood processing and were randomly assigned to either ketamine or saline infusion. The assessment utilized Subgroup-Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation to recover directed connectivity maps and applied Walktrap algorithm to determine data-driven subgroups. Depression severity was assessed pre- and 24-hr postinfusion. Two connectivity-based subgroups were identified: Subgroup A (<i>n</i> = 110) and Subgroup B (<i>n</i> = 42). We observed that treatment response was moderated by an infusion type by subgroup interaction (<i>p</i> = .040). For patients receiving ketamine, subgroup did not predict treatment response (β = -.326, <i>p</i> = .499). However, subgroup predicted response for saline patients. Subgroup B individuals, relative to A, were more likely to be saline responders at 24-hr postinfusion (β = -2.146, <i>p</i> = .007). Thus, while ketamine improved depressive symptoms uniformly across both subgroups, this heterogeneity was a predictor of placebo response. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"228-238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analytic evaluation of cognitive endophenotypes for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Comparisons of unaffected relatives and controls.","authors":"Leiana de la Paz, Brendan M Whitney, Ethan M Weires, Molly A Nikolas","doi":"10.1037/abn0000985","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex etiology. Endophenotypes are assumed to be linked to the genetic underpinnings of complex disorders and have become a popular approach for investigating the etiology of ADHD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of cognitive endophenotypes for ADHD by examining differences in performance among unaffected first-degree relatives of individuals with ADHD and non-ADHD controls. Literature searches were conducted through July 2024 using PsycINFO, PubMed, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases. Forty articles met full inclusion criteria, which included performance on tasks across 10 comparable neurocognitive constructs. Multilevel meta-analysis of 229 effect sizes indicated that unaffected first-degree relatives of individuals with ADHD performed significantly worse than non-ADHD controls in several domains, including working memory (Hedges' <i>g</i> = 0.29), processing speed (<i>g</i> = 0.26), response time variability (<i>g</i> = 0.40), temporal processing (<i>g</i> = 0.30), and cognitive flexibility (<i>g</i> = 0.20). There were no significant differences between unaffected first-degree relatives and non-ADHD controls on measures of inhibition, arousal, motor functioning, planning, and delay aversion. Substantial heterogeneity in effect sizes was explained by differences in samples but with limited evidence of moderation by sex and age. Overall, these findings suggest that nonexecutive cognitive domains along with working memory and cognitive flexibility may be most fruitful for linking genetic risk for ADHD to other causal factors and ultimately to the expression and continuation of ADHD symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"319-338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Of one thing Montaigne was certain: Reflections on the full experiment.","authors":"Thomas E Joiner","doi":"10.1037/abn0000980","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent viewpoint article by J. R. Cougle (see record 2025-32396-001) noted that, of 77 empirical articles appearing in the <i>Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science</i> in 2023, \"only three…incorporated an experimental manipulation\" (i.e., 96% are nonexperimental)-skewed, to be certain, perhaps even alarmingly so. This is at the same time a useful observation and, in the present author's view, in need of modest amendment and more context, and thus somewhat less alarming. The call for the full experiment draws in part on a yearning for finality and certainty, but as Montaigne, quantum physicists, would-be solvers of astrophysics' <i>n</i>-body problem, and the authors of works of profundity such as <i>Ecclesiastes</i> (possibly King Solomon) and <i>Job</i> (author[s] unknown) all understood, and we should all learn, the universe and all it contains, including humans and our nature, are inherently uncertain. Except, that is, for uncertainty itself. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":"134 3","pages":"215-216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring associations between drinking contexts and alcohol consumption: An analysis of photographs.","authors":"Talia Ariss, Eddie P Caumiant, Catharine E Fairbairn, Dahyeon Kang, Nigel Bosch, James K Morris","doi":"10.1037/abn0000977","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drinking contexts are theorized to represent a core factor driving hazardous consumption and ultimately susceptibility to alcohol use disorder. Yet capturing and characterizing contextual influences on alcohol consumption has posed a significant challenge. In this study, we employ objective ambulatory assessment methods to test a multiaxial framework for understanding contextual influences on drinking. Specifically, we propose a novel SPAIS framework, comprising five exogenous, objectively measurable domains of drinking context (schedule/time, physical, activity, interpersonal, and substance/drink type), corresponding loosely to the when, where, what, how, and (with) whom of alcohol consumption. Contextual effects are examined through a database comprising 6,259 photographs of everyday life (1,422 drinking contexts), with participants including individuals with normative consumption patterns (<i>N</i> = 48) as well as those meeting criteria for alcohol use disorder (<i>N</i> = 60). Participants wore transdermal alcohol biosensors during an ambulatory assessment period, while also taking photographs of their surroundings in response to random prompts. Computer vision methods were employed to extract contextual features from photographs. Results indicated numerous and often potent links between contextual features and patterns of consumption across SPAIS dimensions. Specifically, evening and weekend drinking, drinking during celebrations, drinking in bars, the presence of alcohol-related cues, distracting activity, and crowded, mixed-gender spaces were all associated with elevated levels of consumption. Results represent a step toward the identification of behavioral and structural change targets for alcohol use intervention programs, while at the same time providing new methods for capturing context in the field of addiction science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"284-297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic risk for schizophrenia and brain activation during the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test: A multiplex extended pedigree study.","authors":"Petra E Rupert, David R Roalf, Konasale M Prasad, Susan S Kuo, Christie W Musket, Joel Wood, Ruben C Gur, Laura Almasy, Raquel E Gur, Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar, Michael F Pogue-Geile","doi":"10.1037/abn0000973","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with schizophrenia have poorer performance and often differing patterns of brain activation compared to controls on a variety of cognitive tasks, including those that require inhibition of responses and shifting to new responses. This study sought to examine the degree to which performance on a task developed to measure cognitive flexibility, the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET), and its related brain activation, as assessed on functional magnetic resonance imaging, may reflect schizophrenia genetic risk using an extended pedigree design. A total of 455 participants (27 schizophrenia probands, 170 of their first- to fourth-degree relatives, and 258 unrelated controls) completed similar versions of the PCET, both outside and inside a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. To examine brain activation that may underlie performance, ten regions of interest were identified where activation was significantly correlated with performance. To examine diagnostic specificity, we also investigated genetic correlations between diagnosed major depression and PCET performance and brain activation. Performance was significantly genetically correlated with schizophrenia both out of (<i>R</i>_g = -0.49, <i>p</i> < .001) and in the scanner (<i>R</i>_g = -0.59, <i>p</i> < .001) after false discovery rate correction. In contrast, none of the genetic correlations between schizophrenia and brain activation in the identified regions of interest were significant after false discovery rate correction. Neither behavioral performance nor brain activation measures were significantly genetically correlated with depression. These results suggest that behavioral performance on the PCET is more sensitive (and also specific compared with depression) to schizophrenia genetic risk than is functional magnetic resonance imaging activation that is correlated with performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"272-283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining dynamic patterns of problematic cannabis use: Results from a multilevel network analysis.","authors":"Marilyn L Piccirillo, Matthew C Enkema, Frank J Schwebel, Jessica R Canning, Diana Bachowski, Mary E Larimer","doi":"10.1037/abn0000963","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Young adults who engage in problematic cannabis use report lower work and interpersonal functioning yet are less likely to seek treatment, necessitating alternative methods for assessing and intervening on problematic cannabis use (e.g., mobile health applications to self-monitor drivers of cannabis use in daily life). However, previous work examining maintenance models of problematic cannabis use has primarily focused on modeling predictors of cannabis use as measured using static retrospective report rather than examining cannabis use as a series of interactions that unfold in everyday life. In this study, we analyzed ecological momentary assessment data (<i>T</i> = 3,230 observations) from 65 young adults who reported problematic cannabis use (Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test-Revised: <i>M</i> = 10.38, <i>SD</i> = 4.35) and an interest in reducing their use. We used multilevel network analyses to model associations among biopsychosocial factors that aligned with social learning, self-medication, and experiential avoidance theories of substance use. Network models demonstrated consistent associations between socioenvironmental triggers and cannabis cravings, use, and intoxication that were nearly all clinically meaningful in size (<i>b</i>s > 0.10). Results indicated a statistically significant association between negative and positive affect with cannabis use and intoxication, respectively; however, these associations were not clinically meaningful in size. There were no clinically meaningful associations between coping strategies and cannabis use variables. Findings advance our understanding of cannabis use in everyday life, which is critical for refining more dynamic conceptualization of substance use and improving the precision of clinical assessments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"298-307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational modeling of reversal learning impairments in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder reveals shared failure to exploit rewards.","authors":"Angus W MacDonald, Edward Patzelt, Zeb Kurth-Nelson, Deanna M Barch, Cameron S Carter, James M Gold, J Daniel Ragland, Steven M Silverstein","doi":"10.1037/abn0000944","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The distinction between the concepts of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is fundamental to the Kraepelinian tradition in psychiatry. One mechanism undergirding this distinction, a difference in reward sensitivity, has been championed by a number of scholars. As part of the Cognitive Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical applications for Serious mental illnesses consortium, 225 participants including people with schizophrenia (<i>n</i> = 69), schizoaffective disorder (<i>n</i> = 55), and bipolar affective disorder (<i>n</i> = 53) performed a probabilistic reversal learning task. This task switches the rewarded stimulus at various times throughout the task. Our analyses leveraged a Hidden Markov Model to examine trial-by-trial decisions of participants to reveal the differences between patient groups in their response to reward feedback. Whereas no patient group showed difficulty reversing their preferred categories after a switch in the task's contingencies and bipolar patient performance was spared in some other ways, all patient groups made more errors throughout the task because of a greater tendency to shift away from rewarded categories (i.e., win-switching). Furthermore, patients' cognitive ability is specifically related to this aspect of the task. Rather than validating a Kraepelinian dichotomy, these findings suggest that a failure to exploit rewards may reflect a mechanistic deficit common across both affective and nonaffective psychoses related to cognitive impairments in patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":" ","pages":"262-271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}