Advances in Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Mood Responses to Passive and Active Motion Leg Cycling Exercise in Healthy Sedentary Young Adults.","authors":"Vernon Bond,&nbsp;Tamrat Retta,&nbsp;Krishna Kumar,&nbsp;James Dorsey,&nbsp;Vasavi R Gorantla,&nbsp;Richard M Millis","doi":"10.1155/2020/7282013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7282013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies suggest that passive motion exercise (PME) may be useful for overcoming exercise limitations associated with a sedentary lifestyle, orthopedic disorders, and various other debilitating conditions. Negative mood response is one of the factors that limit a person's ability to exercise. Therefore, this study tests the hypothesis that the mood response associated with PME is not different than the mood response associated with active motion exercise (AME). Eight women and seven men participated in the study and were administrated the Profile of Mood States (POMS) during modes of PME and AME in a randomized order. Outcome of the POMS consisted of the total mood disturbance score [(feelings of tension + depression + fatigue + anger + confusion) - vigor]. ANOVA was used to determine significance of differences in total mood disturbance, oxygen uptake (V.O₂), and middle cerebral blood flow velocity (MCAv) at baseline and immediately after 30-minute conditions of PME and AME. Postexercise total mood disturbance score was significantly decreased for both conditions (PME baseline 29.2 ± 5.2 vs. postexercise 16.4 ± 6.8, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and AME baseline 22.4 ± 4.4 vs. postexercise 13.1 ± 5.2, <i>P</i> < 0.05). These senses of changes in feelings were associated with significant physiological increases in V.O₂ and MCAv during both PME and AME (<i>P</i> < 0.05). These results demonstrate that physiological and mood responses to passive and active motion cycling exercise are not different. Future studies should determine whether passive motion cycling exercise is a useful preventive medicine strategy for overcoming various disease-related exercise limitations and counteracting the adverse effects of sedentary lifestyles.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/7282013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37745441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Noncompletion of the Third Dose of Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine in Pregnant Women in Dschang Health District, Cameroon.","authors":"Florent Ymele Fouelifack, Bruno Kenfack, Skinner Lekelem Nguefack, Jackson Jr Nforbewing Ndenkeh, Jeanne Hortence Fouedjio, Loic Dongmo Fouelifa, Pierre Marie Tebeu","doi":"10.1155/2020/1603518","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/1603518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction</i>. Tetanus vaccination plays an important role in the fight against neonatal mortality. Our study aimed to determine the noncompletion rate of the 3^rd dose of tetanus toxoid vaccine (TTV) and to analyze the associated factors in pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2 hospitals of Dschang Health District and targeting all women at least in their second gestation coming for antenatal consultation. Upon informed consent by the participant, a prepared questionnaire was administered. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS v22.0 with results presented in means and proportions. Logistic regression was used at two levels to identify independently associated factors for noncompletion of the third dose of TTV with a significance set at 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 380 pregnant women were recruited in this study of mean age 27 ± 5.2 yrs, 70% being married, more than 80% having at least secondary education, and 31.8% of them being students. It was noted that 172 (45.26%) of these women had not received the third dose of TTV. The analysis of the adjusted effects showed that not going to postnatal consultation (aOR = 6.75; 3.98-11.49, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), not accompanying her baby to vaccination (aOR = 3.784; 1.803-7.942, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), not accompanying her baby to vaccination (aOR = 3.784; 1.803-7.942, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), not accompanying her baby to vaccination (aOR = 3.784; 1.803-7.942.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tetanus vaccination coverage is not yet optimal in Dschang Health District and is associated with marital status as well as postgestational behavior of the mothers. There is thus the need to put in place strategies that will provide social support to single mothers as well as encourage women to attend postnatal consultation and to accompany their own children for vaccination. Furthermore, community-based vaccination could capture some of the lost women thus optimizing the overall vaccination coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/1603518","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37726929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Routine Checkups and Chronic Conditions on Middle-Aged Patients with Diabetes.","authors":"America E McGuffee,&nbsp;Kailyn Chillag,&nbsp;Amber Johnson,&nbsp;Regan Richardson,&nbsp;Hallie Williams,&nbsp;Jessica Hartos","doi":"10.1155/2020/4043959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4043959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Purpose</i>. Middle-aged males and females with diabetes are more likely to have poor physical (PH) and mental health (MH); however, there is limited research determining the relationship between MH and PH and routine check-up in diabetic middle-aged adults, especially by gender. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PH and MH status differ by routine check-up in middle-aged (age 45-64) adults with diabetes in the general population. <i>Methods</i>. This cross-sectional analysis used data from the 2017 BRFSS conducted by the CDC for adults aged 45-64 who reported having diabetes in Florida (<i>N</i> = 1183), Kentucky (<i>N</i> = 617), Maryland (<i>N</i> = 731), New York (<i>N</i> = 593), and Ohio (<i>N</i> = 754). Multiple logistic regression by state and gender was used to determine the relationship between MH and PH status and routine check-up while controlling for health-related, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. <i>Results</i>. Across states, up to one-half reported good PH (32-50%), over one-half reported good MH (46-67%), and most reported having a routine check-up (87-93%). Adjusted analysis indicated that MH and PH were not significantly related to routine check-up, but both were inversely related to having diabetes plus two other health conditions. <i>Conclusions</i>. Overall, routine check-up was not related to good PH and MH in this target population; however, a number of health conditions were inversely related to good PH and MH status. In a primary care setting for this target population, there may be a low to moderate prevalence of good PH and MH and a high prevalence of having a routine check-up and having multiple health conditions. It is recommended to automatically screen this target population for PH, MH, other chronic conditions, and physical activity and treat concurrently.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/4043959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37745439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Collected Specimens Revealed a Higher Vaccine- and Non-Vaccine-Type Human Papillomavirus Prevalences in a Cross-Sectional Study in Akuse.","authors":"Adolf K Awua,&nbsp;Alberto Severini,&nbsp;Edwin K Wiredu,&nbsp;Edwin A Afari,&nbsp;Vanessa A Zubach,&nbsp;Richard M K Adanu","doi":"10.1155/2020/8343169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8343169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Population-specific epidemiologic data on human Papillomavirus infection, which are limited in most of the SubSaharan African countries, are necessary for effective cervical cancer prevention. This study aimed to generate population-specific data on human Papillomavirus infections, and determine which of these, self-collected and provider-collected specimens, gives a higher estimate of the prevalence of human Papillomaviruses, including vaccine and non-vaccine-type human Papillomavirus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, following a questionnaire-based collection of epidemiological data, self-, and provider-collected specimens, obtained from women 15-65 years of age, were analysed for human Papillomavirus types by a nested-multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and for cervical lesions by Pap testing. HPV data were categorised according to risk type and vaccine types for further analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The difference between the overall human Papillomavirus infection prevalences obtained with the self-collected specimens, 43.1% (95% CI of 38.0-51.0%) and that with the provider-collected samples, 23.3% (95% CI of 19.0-31.0%) were significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). The prevalence of quadrivalent vaccine-type human Papillomaviruses was 12.3% with self-collected specimens, but 6.0% with provider-collected specimens. For the nonavalent vaccine-types, the prevalences were 26.6% and 16.7% respectively. There were multiple infections involving both vaccine-preventable and nonvaccine preventable high-risk human Papillomavirus genotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Akuse subdistrict can, therefore, be said to have a high burden of human Papillomavirus infections, which included nonvaccine types, as detected with both self-collected and provider-collected specimens. These imply that self-collection is to be given a higher consideration as a means for a population-based high-risk human Papillomavirus infections burdens assessment/screening. Additionally, even with a successful implementation of the HPV vaccination, if introduced in Ghana, there is still the need to continue with the screening of women.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8343169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37937983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance to Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation and Its Association with the Number of ANC Visits in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yinager Workineh,&nbsp;Ayele Semachew,&nbsp;Emiru Ayalew,&nbsp;Worku Animaw Temesgen","doi":"10.1155/2019/3602585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3602585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization recommended that 80% of communities in all countries should receive the standard dose of iron folic acid. But, in Ethiopia, this target was not yet achieved. The compliance of iron folic acid was also variable across each district. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess women compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation and its association with a number of antenatal care visits in Ethiopia using systematic review and meta-analysis, 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the current meta-analysis, the target variables were searched from different electronic database system like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library. To predict the pooled prevalence of compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation in Ethiopia, all original studies were considered. All necessary data were extracted by using a standardized data extraction format. The data were analyzed by using STATA 14 statistical software. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed by Cochrane <i>Q</i> and <i>I</i> ² tests. A random effect model was computed to estimate the pooled compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve full-text studies were included in the meta-analysis. The findings of this meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation in Ethiopia was 43.63% (CI: 28.00, 59.25%). The women from the city administration had a high rate of compliance as compared with other regions of Ethiopia. The odds of having four or more antenatal care visit were the independent pooled predictor of compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current compliance with iron-folic supplementation was lower than the World health organization recommendation. Mothers from the city administration who utilized the antenatal care four and above times, had high level compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation. Therefore, we recommended that women should visit the antenatal clinic four times to compliance with the iron folic acid supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/3602585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37670313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephrolepis exaltata Herbal Mask Increases Nasal IgA Levels and Pulmonary Function in Textile Factory Workers.","authors":"Awal Prasetyo,&nbsp;Arindra Adi Rahardja,&nbsp;Dhiva Tsuroya Azzahro,&nbsp;Ika Pawitra Miranti,&nbsp;Indah Saraswati,&nbsp;Fathur Nur Kholis","doi":"10.1155/2019/5687135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5687135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic occupational exposure in textile workers lowers the pulmonary function and levels of sinonasal IgA. A <i>Nephrolepis exaltata</i> herbal mask can protect the respiratory tract. This study aims to understand the effect of this herbal mask on the IgA levels and pulmonary function in textile workers. Thirty employees were selected for this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pre- and post-test randomized experimental control trials were conducted in a garment industry of Bawen, Semarang, Indonesia. The subjects that qualified to participate (<i>n</i> = 30) fulfilled the inclusion criteria i.e., 20-35 years old, healthy, and willing to be a research subject; and exclusion criteria i.e., having history of alcohol consumption, smoking, history of liver disease, autoimmune disease, cancer, pulmonary and heart disease and/or being pregnant. The subjects were then divided randomly into control group (<i>n</i> = 15), who used regular mask that was rewashed and changed every month for eight weeks, and treatment group (<i>n</i> = 15), who used <i>Nephrolepis exaltata</i> mask that was changed every two days for eight weeks. Pulmonary function tests were carried out using MIR Spirolab III before and after the experiment. IgA levels were measured by nasal wash method using ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IgA levels of the treatment group before and after usage of mask were significantly different (<i>p</i><0.001) compared to the control group. There were significant difference in FVC of the control group, but no significant difference was observed for FEV1 (<i>p</i> = 0.507) and PEF (<i>p</i> = 0.001). In the treatment group, all three parameters showed significant differences [FVC (<i>p</i> = 0.038), FEV1 (<i>p</i> = 0.004), and PEF (<i>p</i> = 0.001)]. The means of ΔFVC, ΔFEV1, and ΔPEF were significantly (<i>p</i><0.05) higher in the treatment group with OR = 5.1 for higher IgA levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The herbal mask is better in increasing IgA and improving the pulmonary function compared to the regular mask.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/5687135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37498687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Vaccine Management: The Case of a Rural District in Ghana","authors":"E. Osei, M. Ibrahim, Gregory Kofi Amenuvegbe","doi":"10.1155/2019/5287287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5287287","url":null,"abstract":"Background The Effective Vaccine Management (EVM) initiative provides the platform needed to monitor and assess the vaccine supply chain system to identify strengths and weaknesses of the system at all levels to enhance the development of improvement plan to strengthen the system. This valuation was carried out in the Tolon District of the Northern Region, Ghana. Methods A descriptive valuation of vaccine management was carried out in six vaccine stores in the Tolon District of Northern Ghana. We employed World Health Organization (WHO) assessment tools and procedures which consisted of desk reviews and interviews of cold chain managers to assess vaccine management practices in the district. Five out of the nine global assessment criteria were assessed and a minimum target level required for all criteria to meet the WHO standard was 80%. Results None of the facilities assessed met the WHO benchmark of 80% for all but one criteria assessed. With regards to temperature control, the scores ranged from 42% at Kasuliyili CHPS Centre to 77% at the district store with an average district score of 60%. Stock management ranged between 11% at Wantugu Health Centre and 75% at Nyankpala Health Centre with district average score of 32%. Effective vaccine distribution scores ranged between 13% at Kasuliyili CHPS and 46% at Nyankpala Health Centre with an average district score of 27%. Only Nyankpala Health Centre had an acceptable score of 84% for vaccine management, whereas the lowest score for this indicator was 5% at Tolon Health Centre store with district average score of 53%. Information management and supportive functions scores ranged from 0% at Tolon Health Centre to 26% at the district store with the district average score of 16%. Nineteen (90.5%) of vaccine users had poor knowledge regarding temperature control and vaccine distribution. Conclusion Effective vaccine management knowledge and practices are poor at Tonlon district and calls for urgent and pragmatic approaches such as training and re-training of vaccine users at all levels.","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/5287287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44718777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Infections and Their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review","authors":"Alemayehu Reta, Abebaw Bitew Kifilie, Abeba Mengist","doi":"10.1155/2019/4380309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4380309","url":null,"abstract":"Background Antibiotic resistance is a global challenge in the public health sector and also a major challenge in Ethiopia. It is truly difficult to report bacterial antibiotic resistance pattern in Ethiopia due to the absence of a review which is done comprehensively. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of the works of literature on the antibiotic resistance pattern of the specific bacterial isolates that can be obtained from different clinical samples in the context of Ethiopia. Materials and Methods A web-based search using PubMed, Google Scholar, Hinari, Sci Hub, Scopus and the Directory of Open Access Journals was conducted from April to May 2018 for published studies without restriction in the year of publication. Works of literature potentially relevant to the study were identified by Boolean search technique using various keywords: Bacterial infection, antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic resistance, drug resistance, drug susceptibility, anti-bacterial resistance, Ethiopia. Study that perform susceptibility test from animal or healthy source using <10 isolates and methods other than prospective cross-sectional were excluded. Results The database search delivered a total of 3459 studies. After amendment for duplicates and inclusion and exclusion criteria, 39 articles were found suitable for the systematic review. All studies were prospective cross-sectional in nature. The review encompasses 12 gram-positive and 15 gram-negative bacteria with their resistance pattern for around 12 antibiotics. It covers most of the regions which are found in Ethiopia. The resistance pattern of the isolates ranged from 0% up to 100%. The overall resistance of M. tuberculosis for antituberculosis drugs ranges from 0% up to 32.6%. The percentage of resistance increases among previously treated tuberculosis cases. Neisseria gonorrhea, S. typhimurium, S. Virchow, Group A Streptococci (GAS), and Group B Streptococci (GBS) were highly susceptible for most of the tested antibiotics. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus was highly resistant to most of the antibiotics with a slightly increased susceptibility to gentamycin. Conclusions Total bacterial isolates obtained from a different source of sample and geographic areas were 28, including M. tuberculosis. Majority of the bacterial isolates were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. A continuous monitoring and studies on the multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates are important measures.","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/4380309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45296842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence Study of Dermatologic Manifestations among Diabetic Patients","authors":"Zahra Azizian, E. Behrangi, Roshanak Hasheminasabzavareh, Hassan Kazemlo, R. Esmaeeli, P. Hassani","doi":"10.1155/2019/5293193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5293193","url":null,"abstract":"Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an interdisciplinary disorder that needs many different specialties' attention; however, the importance of dermatologists' knowledge has not been highlighted regarding this issue. As a result, we aim to assess the prevalence and variety of DM skin and nail manifestations in an effort to further acquaint dermatologists and other clinicians with diabetic dermatologic manifestations. Methods This was a cross-sectional study; subjects who had a diagnosis of DM, attending to the outpatient endocrinology clinics of Rassoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were evaluated by one dermatologist for diabetic dermopathy. The results were recorded in prepared data sheets, and general descriptions of DM duration, DM type, DM control, and drug history as well as the demographic data were gathered. Results Among a total of 255 subjects, the prevalence of one or more identifiable skin conditions was 88.4%. 15.7% of the subjects had nail manifestations. Among cutaneous manifestations, acanthosis nigricans, acral erythema, and onychoschizia showed a significant relationship with the age and disease duration (p<0.05); and knuckle pebbles, eczema, facial erythema, and koilonychias had a meaningful relationship with FBS level and glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c (p<0.05). Conclusion This study provides an overview that facilitates earlier detection and treatment of DM. Also, this data can help physicians and endocrinologists to visualize DM control level.","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/5293193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48347740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D as an Adjunctive Treatment to Standard Drugs in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: An Evidence-Based Case Report","authors":"Diajeng A. Soeharto, Diana Ashilah Rifai, Stella Marsudidjadja, Aisha Emilirosy Roekman, Chadijah Karima Assegaf, M. Louisa","doi":"10.1155/2019/5181847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5181847","url":null,"abstract":"Background Vitamin D has a prominent role in the body's innate immunity as it is important in the maintenance of macrophages and monocytes and its function in defending against infections. In-vitro studies have established vitamin D's potential role in tuberculosis (TB) infection, in that it restricts Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth, thus implying the potential benefit of vitamin D as an adjunctive treatment for TB. However, clinical trials and reviews have contradicting findings regarding the true clinical efficacy of adjunctive vitamin D, particularly in reducing the sputum conversion rate (SCR). Objective This study aims to update the current evidence regarding vitamin D supplementation as an adjunctive treatment in achieving the smear sputum conversion rate (SCR) among pulmonary TB patients. Method A comprehensive search was conducted in October 2018 in PubMed-NCBI, MEDLINE-OVID, SCOPUS-Elsevier, and Cochrane. The selection of studies was done as per the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria of this EBCR and resulted in the inclusion of 11 eligible studies (8 RCTs and 3 systematic reviews). The selected studies were then critically appraised for their validity, importance, and applicability according to the CEBM (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine) appraisal tools. Results Overall, most of the trials showed no statistically significant changes in terms of the proportion of TB patients with a negative sputum smear conversion in the group treated with an adjunctive therapy vs. the group treated with standard antituberculosis therapy alone. Only one trial showed significant results, which was conducted in a population of TB patients with vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, overall the reviews showed no significant change in the 8-week sputum smear conversion after treatment within the group given vitamin D in comparison to those who were not. Conclusion Vitamin D as adjunctive therapy in TB patients shows no clinical improvement in terms of sputum conversion to antituberculosis management.","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/5181847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43475564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}