Advances in Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated with Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in an Ethiopian Comprehensive Specialized Hospital","authors":"Diriba Teshome, Metages Hunie, Simegnew Kibret, Marifa Mestofa, Efrem Fenta","doi":"10.1155/2024/6699732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6699732","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and uncomfortable anesthetic and surgical consequences. It may cause severe distress to the patient and may cause the recovery process to be delayed. Identifying the reasons may aid in reducing the magnitude and problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for PONV after general anesthesia in an Ethiopian hospital. Methods. From March 1 to May 30, 2019, a cross-sectional study was designed. A patient interview was used to obtain data on the occurrence of PONV, and a chart review was used to collect data on other demographic and clinical variables. To identify associated factors, variables with a P-value of 0.2 in binary logistic regression were transformed into a multivariable logistic regression. The strength of the association and level of significance waswere demonstrated using crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and P-values of 0.05. Results. The study included 162 participants, with a remarkable 100% response rate. Within 24 hr after surgery, 51.2% of patients had nausea and vomiting. When compared to their counterparts, female patients, patients who received perioperative opioid medication, patients with a history of PONV, and patients with a history of motion sickness reported a statistically significant difference (higher incidence) in PONV. Conclusion. This study only comprised ASA physical classes 1 and 2 patients who did not receive preventive antiemetics. In the research area, the total prevalence of vomiting and nausea was 51.2%. Female sex, perioperative opioid usage, a history of nausea and vomiting, and a history of motion sickness were discovered to be statistically significantly associated with a higher incidence of PONV.","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140454782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Losses Arising from Cattle Organ and Carcass Condemnation at Lokoloko Abattoir in Wau, South Sudan.","authors":"Alfateh Taha,&nbsp;Shereen Saad,&nbsp;Ambros Jubara,&nbsp;Charles Wani,&nbsp;A M Phiri,&nbsp;Martin Simuunza,&nbsp;Musso Munyeme,&nbsp;Bernard Hang'ombe,&nbsp;Chisoni Mumba","doi":"10.1155/2023/7975876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7975876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Slaughterhouses in South Sudan mirror the economic losses resulting from cattle organs and carcass condemnation due to zoonotic and epizootic diseases of livestock, such as tuberculosis, cysticercosis, and hydatidosis in cattle. However, due to the war, slaughterhouse record keeping has been inconsistent in South Sudan, and thus the estimation of diseases in cattle and their impact may be underestimated. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the major causes of carcasses and organ condemnation of cattle slaughtered at Lokoloko abattoir and the resulting financial losses. A cross-sectional active abattoir survey involving antemortem and postmortem examinations was conducted on 310 cattle between January 2021 and March 2021. Furthermore, five-year (September 2015-September 2020) retrospective data on meat inspection records were also collected and analyzed. During the antemortem inspection of the active abattoir survey, 103 (33.2%) cattle had signs of disease. These signs included herniam 17 (5.5%), local swelling 16 (5.2%), lameness 15 (4.8%), emaciation 13 (4.2%), blindness 12 (3.9%), depression 11 (3.5%), pale mucus membrane 7 (2.3%), nasal discharge 5 (1.6%), lacrimation 4 (1.3%), and salivation 03 (0.97%). Postmortem inspection revealed gross pathological findings on 180 (58.6%) carcasses, out of which 47 (26.1%) livers and 31 (17.2%) hearts were condemned due to various causes. The active abattoir survey and the retrospective data revealed that tuberculosis, fascioliasis, hydatidosis, and heart cysticercosis were the leading causes of condemnation of carcasses and organs. In the active abattoir survey, a total of 19,592,508 South Sudanese Pounds, equivalent to US$29,686 was lost from organ condemnation, while in the retrospective data; the overall direct financial loss during the five years was estimated to be 299,225,807 South Sudanese Pounds equivalent to US$453,372. This study revealed that bacterial and parasitic diseases were the common causes of carcass and organ condemnations and caused significant financial losses at Lokoloko abattoir in Wau, South Sudan. Therefore, there is a need for training farmers on cattle disease management, heightened meat inspections, and proper disposal of condemned meat.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10042638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9221851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Histopathological Factors Associated with the Tumoral Expression of TGF-<i>β</i>1, MED15, CD16, and CD57 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Maryam Elahi,&nbsp;Vahid Rakhshan","doi":"10.1155/2022/3145117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3145117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Factors associated with the expression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) biomarkers \"CD16, CD57, TGF-<i>β</i>1, and MED15\" are not assessed, except in few controversial studies of some of these biomarkers. This study aimed to highlight factors that can correlate with tumoral overexpression of these biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this genetically-matched case-control study, biomarker expressions in <i>all</i> available OSCC tissues and their adjacent normal tissues at the National Tumor Center (<i>n</i> = 384 (4 biomarkers × (48 cancers + 48 controls))) were measured using qRT-PCR. Factors associated with tumoral overexpression of CD16, CD57, TGF-<i>β</i>1, and MED15 (compared to the benign control) were evaluated, using log-level multiple linear regressions and Spearman (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tumoral CD16 upregulation was observed in younger patients (<i>β</i> = -0.284, <i>P</i>=0.040) and cigarette smokers (<i>β</i> = 0.397, <i>P</i>=0.005). Tumoral CD57 was upregulated in males (<i>β</i> = 0.341, <i>P</i>=0.008), smokers (<i>β</i> = 0.401, <i>P</i>=0.002), and cases without vascular invasion (<i>β</i> = -0.242, <i>P</i>=0.042). Tumoral TGF-<i>β</i>1 was elevated in smokers (<i>β</i> = 0.452, <i>P</i>=0.001) and smaller tumors (<i>β</i> = -0.322, <i>P</i>=0.045). Tumoral MED15 was overexpressed in smokers (<i>β</i> = 0.295, <i>P</i>=0.036) and cases lacking perineural invasion (<i>β</i> = -0.394, <i>P</i>=0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As the most consistent finding, smoking might be positively associated with tumoral overexpression of all biomarkers. Tumoral increase in CD57 might be positively associated with metastasis while being negatively correlated with vascular and lymphatic invasion. Tumor size might be negatively associated with tumoral TGF-<i>β</i>1 expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9633212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40684794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Caries among School Children in Saudi Arabia: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Tasneem R Adam, Abdullah I Al-Sharif, Aretas Tonouhewa, Abdulaziz A AlKheraif","doi":"10.1155/2022/7132681","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/7132681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Children's dental health has become the primary concern, because of the increase in the prevalence of caries amongst school children in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence and severity of dental caries among school children in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search of Scopus, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Saudi digital library, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE via Ovid for cross-sectional studies with healthy participants between 5and -15 years. Two authors independently extracted the prevalence of caries. With 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model, we calculated caries prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dental caries prevalence data were extracted from 18 cross-sectional studies (<i>n</i> = 56,327 children). The pooled estimate for the caries prevalence among 5-7 years' children was 84% (95% CI: 0.81-0.87%; I² = 91%) while among 12-15 years' children was 72% (95% CI: 0.63-0.79; <i>I</i> ² = 96.2%). <i>Discussion</i>. In this systematic review, the summary estimate of the prevalence of dental caries among children of 5-7 years and 12-15 years were 84% and 72%, respectively. Further research is required to identify approaches for preventing and treating dental caries in schoolchildren.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9467753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40358111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker-Led Intervention on Knowledge, Perception, and Prostate Cancer Screening among Men in Rural Kenya.","authors":"Ruth Gathoni Mbugua, Simon Karanja, Sherry Oluchina","doi":"10.1155/2022/4621446","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/4621446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, an increase in mortality from prostate cancer (PC) remains a big challenge with disparities existing with a slight preponderance among men in low and middle-income countries. Prostate cancer is a leading cause of mortality among men in sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, despite the majority of men presenting with advanced prostate cancer for treatment, knowledge and screening for prostate cancer is low. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a community health worker-led education intervention on knowledge, perception, and PC screening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a quasiexperimental study among Kenyan men aged 40-69 years. The intervention site was Gatundu North subcounty and the control site was Kiambu subcounty in Kiambu County. Stratified random sampling was applied to select 288 respondents per arm of the study. We used a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire to collect data at baseline and 6 months postintervention. Pearson's chi-square test was used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Awareness of prostate cancer significantly increased postintervention (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The proportion of respondents who had good knowledge of prostate cancer increased significantly from 49% to 76.4%(<i>P</i> < 0.05) in the intervention arm. The proportion of respondents with a high perception of self-vulnerability increased significantly from 26% to 42.1% (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The proportion of men who had undergone PC screening significantly increased from 4.5% to 20.4% (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in the intervention arm. In postintervention, there was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of men screened for prostate cancer in the intervention and control arm (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Health education by community health workers during household visits increased awareness and knowledge, perception, and uptake of PC screening. Utilization of community health worker delivered education is an effective strategy that requires to be adopted to enhance screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9377835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40423119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between ApoA1 Gene, Plasma Lipid Profile, hsCRP Level, and Risk of Arterial Stiffness in Thai Elderly.","authors":"Pruttaya Supajaree, Suwannee Chanprasertyothin, Prapimporn Chattranukulchai Shantavasinkul, Piyamitr Sritara, Jintana Sirivarasai","doi":"10.1155/2022/4930033","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/4930033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) gene polymorphism is linked to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Variations in this gene, along with dyslipidemia and inflammation, may increase the risk of vascular stiffness. This study aimed to investigate the link between ApoA1 rs670 genetic variations, various biochemical parameters, and the risk of arterial stiffness in older people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based cross-sectional study included 355 participants (≥60 years) who completed a demographic and lifestyle information questionnaire. Clinical and anthropometric examination, biochemical analysis, and ApoA1 rs670 genotyping by real-time PCR were performed. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was used to assess arterial stiffness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age, BMI, waist circumference, SBP, LDL-C, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were associated with high CAVI (≥9) among older people. The mean CAVI (8.19 ± 2.78) for the ApoA1 rs670 AA genotype was lower than that of the GG genotypes (8.94 ± 1.00, <i>p</i> < 0.05). These results are supported by HDL-C (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.93; <i>p</i>=0.030) and high hs-CRP (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.16-0.57; <i>p</i>=0.006) levels together with adjusted ORs of both variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ApoA1 rs670 genetic variations involved in the synthesis, transport, and processing of HDLs, hypertension, and inflammation are linked to arterial stiffness. Further studies are required to clarify these mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9303502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40549305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Perception of Nursing Professionals Working in a Central Sterile Supplies Department regarding Health Conditions, Workload, Ergonomic Risks, and Functional Readaptation","authors":"R. Xavier, P. Vigário, Alvaro Camilo Dias Faria, Patricia Maria Dusek, A. Lopes","doi":"10.1155/2022/1023728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1023728","url":null,"abstract":"Background The central sterile supply department (CSSD) is wrongly seen as a place in the hospital environment that does not require skills and physical effort, being commonly a hospital sector for the relocation of functionally-readapted professionals. However, CSSD is a work environment that demands professional experience and presents itself as a sector that does not have a healthy work environment. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of comorbidities and functionally-readapted people among nursing professionals allocated to a CSSD and, also, to seek the perception of these professionals about the ergonomic risks and the degree of difficulty to perform activities within a CSSD. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed the opinions of nursing professionals who work in the CSSD of public hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Nurses, nursing technicians and nursing assistants aged ≥18 years were included. Results Seventy-two nursing professionals were consecutively evaluated. It was observed that 43 of them (59.7%) had never worked in a CSSD. The most prevalent comorbidity in the present study was chronic rhinosinusitis, observed in more than half of the sample, although it is interesting to note the high frequency of participants with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) and repetitive strain injuries (RSI). There is a relationship between previous work in a CSSD and the ability to identify surgical tweezers by visual recognition (p=0.031). There is a relationship between the time the participant had previously worked in the hospital and the skill regarding the information contained in the conference folders for preparing the tray surgical procedures (τb = −0.34, p=0.001). Conclusion Almost a third of nursing professionals working in a CSSD are rehabilitated, with a high prevalence of WMSD and RSI. The commitment of managers to an internal health policy aimed at workers is necessary for health promotion.","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46714694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hand Hygiene Compliance and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Negasa Eshete Soboksa,&nbsp;Belay Negassa,&nbsp;GirumGebremeskel Kanno,&nbsp;Zemachu Ashuro,&nbsp;DinkineshBegna Gudeta","doi":"10.1155/2021/7235248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7235248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Promoting hand hygiene compliance should be a priority for health authorities and all healthcare facilities at all levels. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a pooled estimate of hand hygiene compliance and associated factors among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Science Direct, EMBASE, the Google search engine, and Google Scholar were used to retrieve studies that were eligible for the study. The searches included all studies published in English prior to July 2021. Using a structured data extraction format, two authors independently extracted the required data. STATA Version 16 software has been used for statistical analysis. To measure the heterogeneity of the studies, the Cochrane Q-test statistics and <i>I</i>2 test were used. Because of the significant heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in Ethiopia was 38% (95% CI: 0.16-0.59). According to the study's subgroup analysis, Addis Ababa City administration health workers had the highest hand hygiene compliance, at 73% (95% CI: 0.50-0.96), while SNNP regional state had the lowest, at 9% (95% CI: 0.05-0.13). Presence of hand hygiene promotion (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.04-3.24), towel/tissue paper availability (OR: 3.97, 95% CI: 2.09-5.86), having a positive attitude toward hand hygiene (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.28-2.30), having good knowledge about hand hygiene (OR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.26-5.64), and being trained for hand hygiene (OR:4.97, 95% CI:1.81-8.14) were significantly associated with hand hygiene compliance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this analysis, hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in Ethiopia was less than half. Providing hand hygiene promotion, towel/tissue paper presence, having a positive attitude toward hand hygiene, having good knowledge about hand hygiene, and being trained for hand hygiene were important variables for the increment of hand hygiene compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8692043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39759843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Different Waves during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Descriptive Study in Thailand.","authors":"Jadsada Kunno,&nbsp;Busaba Supawattanabodee,&nbsp;Chavanant Sumanasrethakul,&nbsp;Budsaba Wiriyasivaj,&nbsp;Sathit Kuratong,&nbsp;Chuthamat Kaewchandee","doi":"10.1155/2021/5807056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5807056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. An outbreak is called an epidemic when there is a sudden increase in cases. Many countries have experienced a two-wave pattern in the reported cases of COVID-19. The spread of COVID-19 in Thailand was a cluster event distributed over multiple locations. This study aims to compare the characteristics of different waves during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2020 to May 2021 (17 months) to determine the number of COVID-19 screenings and confirmed cases and deaths as well as sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, age, nationality, and source population at risk factors. The categorical data were compared using a chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic occurred within 17 months in Thailand, and the number of cases increased by over 100,000 due to source population at risk factors such as close contact with a previously confirmed patient, community risk, cluster communities, and active and community surveillance. The chi-square test revealed significant differences between the three waves (<i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant differences between pandemic phases or waves may be due to weak social distancing policies and the lack of public health interventions. A COVID-19 vaccination plan is needed for people at risk of suffering severe symptoms and the general population in outbreak areas to increase immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8519693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39527864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Relationship between Oral Health Behavior, Oral Hygiene, and Gingival Status of Adolescent Tobacco Consumers in Ranchi, Jharkhand: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Sandeep Kumar,&nbsp;Arunoday Kumar,&nbsp;Anjali Gupta,&nbsp;Siddharth Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Abhishek Gupta,&nbsp;Palkin Mehta","doi":"10.1155/2021/3548132","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/3548132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tobacco consumption is very prevalent in India and associated with a number of oral health problems. Good oral health behavior plays a significant role in improving oral hygiene status.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the relationship between the oral health behavior, oral hygiene, and gingival status of adolescent tobacco consumers (smoke/smokeless form) and to compare it with that of the nonconsumers of tobacco in the same age group, who were selected from the OPD of Dental Institute, RIMS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Ranchi. The study included a total of 400 adolescents who were reported to be consumers of tobacco and 400 adolescents who were nonconsumers of tobacco. The oral health behavior was assessed using HU-DBI. The plaque and gingival scores were assessed using standardized indices. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, independent sample <i>t</i>-test, and Pearson's correlation. The significance level was set at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of tobacco consumers were found to have poor plaque scores as assessed using the plaque index. As assessed by the gingival index, the majority of the tobacco consumers were found to have a severe form of gingivitis. The mean plaque score (2.38 ± 0.51, <i>p</i> value <0.001) and the mean gingival score (2.6 ± 0.63, <i>p</i> value <0.001) were significantly higher in tobacco consumers. The mean HU-DBI score was significantly higher in non-tobacco consumers (8.3 ± 1.60, <i>p</i> value <0.001). It was observed that the gingival and plaque scores have a significant negative correlation with the HU-DBI score. The majority of tobacco consumers were worried about the staining of teeth and bleeding from gums. A dental visit for a routine preventive check-up was reported to be rare in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The oral hygiene and gingival status were significantly poor in tobacco consumers compared to non-tobacco consumers. As the oral health behavior of the participants improved, the plaque and gingival scores reduced significantly.</p>","PeriodicalId":7388,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8448612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39430533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}