Journal of hazardous materials advances最新文献

{"title":"Biodegradation of polyvinyl chloride using vermibacteria under variable physicochemical conditions","authors":"Saiqa Andleeb ,&nbsp;Muqaddas Munir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali ,&nbsp;Kaleem Imdad ,&nbsp;Ramalingam Balachandar ,&nbsp;Ravishankar Ram Mani ,&nbsp;Murugesan Chandrasekaran ,&nbsp;Sumathi Jones ,&nbsp;Arunkumar Radhakrishnan ,&nbsp;Soon Woong Chang ,&nbsp;Balasubramani Ravindran","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic has a significant hazard to the environment, but its impact could be mitigated through degradation processes. Biodegradation of plastic wastes by using microorganisms is an environment-friendly method. In the current study, vermibacterial strains i.e. <em>Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus thuringiensis,</em> and <em>Bacillus paranthracis,</em> were selected to evaluate the degrading impact on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and tested under various physicochemical conditions such as pH (7, 5, 9), temperature (37 °C and 50 °C), carbon sources (Glucose and sucrose), and nitrogen sources (yeast extract and peptone). Liquid culture technique was used to investigate the chloride production and solid media experiment was employed for biodegradation of polyvinylchloride films. <em>Bacillus mojavensis</em> and <em>Bacillus paranthracis</em> showed maximum chloride production of 88.4 % and 87.8 % at pH 7 and 50 °C in the absence of carbon and nitrogen sources. On the other hand, <em>Bacillus megaterium</em> and <em>Bacillus mojavensis</em> showed maximum chloride production (91 % and 91.7 %) at pH 7 and 50 °C in the presence of glucose and yeast extract after 5 days of incubation while all vermibacteria indicated the highest chloride production at pH 9 and 50 °C in the presence of sucrose and yeast extract except <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>. Similarly, <em>Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus paranthracis,</em> and <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> showed maximum chloride production in the presence of sucrose and peptone. Scanning electron microscopy was used to check the morphological changes of the PVC film after vermibacteria treatments and results revealed that vermibacteria attached to PVC films and validated the changes in surface topography. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy also revealed the changes in functional group intensity on both vermibacteria-treated PVC films compared to the control. It was concluded that plastic biodegradation via vermibacteria could be a potential source not only to eliminate plastic-based environmental issues but also holds the potential to significantly improve human health, reduce pollution, and support sustainable practices for a cleaner and healthier environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100571"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of volatile organic compound emissions from aromatic crops in the management of bioaerosols at agricultural sites: An overview","authors":"Anisha Yadav ,&nbsp;Puja Khare","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioaerosols contribute up to 28 % of airborne particles and can have harmful effects on both human and plant health, depending on their composition. At agricultural sites, the primary contributors to bioaerosol composition include farm activities, soil, irrigation water, plant emissions, and fertilizers. Scientometric data on bioaerosols shows that most research has focused on indoor air, with limited literature available on bioaerosols and plant emissions in open fields. However, there may be interactions between bioaerosols and biogenic emissions. Plants, particularly those that produce essential oils, emit biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) known for their antimicrobial properties. These compounds may significantly affect the bioaerosol composition in the surrounding area. This review focuses on the potential interaction between BVOCs from essential oil-bearing crops and the microbial composition of bioaerosols at agricultural sites. Key factors influencing these interactions include the amount and persistency of BVOCs in the air, the composition of bioaerosols, the type of plant, and the environmental conditions. Based on the available literature, the study suggests that BVOCs may play a role in modulating the microbial load in bioaerosols, potentially inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms in agricultural environments. Further research is needed to understand how BVOCs affect the atmospheric microbiome and their potential application in controlling airborne pathogens in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrokinetic remediation of chromium contaminated soil: Impact of particle size on treatment efficiency and bioavailability","authors":"J. Akansha ,&nbsp;Bhaskar Das ,&nbsp;N. Rajasekar","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrokinetic remediation (EKR) is a potential method employed for removal and recovery of heavy metals from soil and various waste materials. However, it demonstrated promising efficacy in laboratory settings, diminished in practical implementations as a result of insufficient comprehension of in-situ conditions. In this study, experimental investigations were conducted to determine the effect of soil particle size on the performance of EKR. Four distinct soil particle sizes were utilized i.e., retained on 1.18 mm (EKR-A), 300 μm (EKR-B), 150 μm (EKR-C), and passing through 150 μm (EKR-D). The alteration in bioavailability as well as physiochemical properties of Chromium (Cr) was investigated through sequential extraction process (SEP) along with soil characterization techniques such as FE-SEM-EDX, XRD, FT-IR. Studies of soil particle size, composition and morphology indicate that as particle size decreases, pollutant concentration increases. Consensus was reached through the research that the treatment efficiency is substantially impacted by the particle size of the soil; in other words, smaller particle sizes led to diminished efficacy. The cumulative Cr removal percentages for EKR-A, EKR-B, EKR-C, and EKR-D were achieved as 27 %, 19 %, 10 %, and 7 %, respectively. The SEP study revealed that the initial soil Cr-concentration was predominated with oxidizable fraction (63–81 %) and the EKR facilitates the extraction of pollutants from the soil matrix by increasing their leachability from 1 % to 30 %, thus providing both removal and recovery of Cr as a feasible option.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and antiviral effect of cellulose acetate nanofibres doped with pyrrolidone against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)","authors":"Shahrul Nizam Md. Salleh ,&nbsp;Mohamad Zaki Abdullah ,&nbsp;Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed ,&nbsp;Mohd Fazli Mohammat","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper investigated the effectiveness of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibres doped with a newly synthesized compound against MRSA microbe and HCoV-229E virus. MRSA microbe was responsible for antibiotic resistance diseases and HCoV-229E virus can cause mild to chronic respiratory tract infections. The pyrrolidone compound was synthesized using a one-pot sonochemistry technique and was chemically characterized followed by a toxicological assessment. Subsequently, it was dissolved in a tri-solvent solution containing cellulose acetate and electrospun to create the nanofibre membrane. The resulting membrane underwent characterization and testing against MRSA bacteria and HCoV-229E virus. The findings indicate that the nanofibre membrane, doped with the synthesized pyrrolidone compound, effectively inhibits the growth of MRSA bacteria and HCoV-229E virus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100598"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources, distribution, and impacts of emerging contaminants – a critical review on contamination of landfill leachate","authors":"Rupanjana Das,&nbsp;Deep Raj","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A broad range of artificial or naturally occurring chemicals known as emerging contaminants (ECs) are increasingly found in landfill leachate and provide serious dangers to human health and the environment. This critical analysis investigates the origin, dispersion, and effects of ECs in relation to landfill settings. Landfills serve as EC reservoirs because of the diverse mix of e-waste, industrial compounds, pharmaceuticals, personal care items, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Factors including landfill design, waste type, and environmental conditions affect the mobility and permanence of these toxins as they seep into nearby soils, groundwater, and surface water through leachate. ECs have been found in trace amounts in the landfill leachate, and are polar substances having a brief half-life. Concerns over the consequences of newly discovered contaminants on the environment and human health have grown because of their increased detection in the landfill leachate. Additionally, they increase the hazards to human populations by having the ability to pollute agricultural soils and sources of drinking water. The significant finding is that the ECs in landfill leachate can be generated from various sites whether it is from municipal solid wastes, agricultural runoffs, or industrial wastes which become persistent in nature increasing risk to human health and environment. The study identifies important knowledge gaps regarding the development of harmful transformation products, the collective effects of EC combinations, and the inadequacy of traditional treatment techniques in reducing EC pollution. By this it can be concluded that advanced analytical methods, creative leachate treatment approaches, and strong regulatory frameworks are needed to address these issues and successfully stop EC discharge and control its negative effects on the environment and human health. In order to reduce the hazards caused by newly discovered pollutants in landfill leachate and to support environmentally friendly waste management techniques, this analysis emphasizes the necessity of both international and regional initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100602"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics in Pearl River Estuary and Yangtze River Estuary, China: Occurrence, fragmentation and pollution risk","authors":"Weiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Songjun Guo ,&nbsp;Bao Li ,&nbsp;Dongyu Xu ,&nbsp;Bo Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estuaries have received widespread attention as important zones for transporting pollutants from rivers to the ocean. The distribution characteristics and risks of microplastics (MPs) pollution in estuaries require further investigation. This study analyzed the occurrence and risks of MPs in the surface waters of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) using identical analytical methods. MPs were more abundant in the YRE (2.80 × 10⁴ ± 2.30 × 10⁴ particles/m³) than in the PRE (3.10 × 10³ ± 9.97 × 10² particles/m³). In the PRE, polypropylene (PP, 31.61 %), polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 13.55 %), and polyethylene (PE, 12.26 %) were the main components, unlike the YRE, which primarily contained PP (57.43 %) and PE (39.31 %). The most common shapes and sizes of MPs in both regions were fragments and small-sized MPs (SMPs, 10–300 μm), respectively. In addition, MP characteristics in each estuary influenced their diversity index differently: MP shapes in the YRE and polymer types in the PRE. Furthermore, MPs in the YRE showed higher fragmentation levels compared to those in the PRE, indicating that the downsizing of SMPs in the YRE might have reached a stable size distribution, as indicated by the conditional fragmentation model (CDF) and carbonyl index of PP and PE. Moreover, similar sources (soil, rainfall, and atmospheric deposition) in the estuary were identified using CDF fingerprinting. Although the risk of MP pollution in the surface water of both estuaries was classified as low, the pollution risk index for PRE (PRI_PRE=14.8325) was higher than that for YRE (PRI_YRE=6.0450). This difference is due to the varying abundance of highly toxic polymers in the two estuaries. Simultaneous comparative observations of MPs are beneficial for understanding the fate and environmental risks associated with MPs in different estuaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100529"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical grouts to reduce contaminant leaching from deep vadose zone sands","authors":"Miguel Valdes ,&nbsp;Drew W. Johnson ,&nbsp;Jie Huang ,&nbsp;Sarah Saslow ,&nbsp;Jinhu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research evaluates the effectiveness of epoxy and polyurethane resins used as grouts to mitigate iodide leaching from deep vadose zone sands. The research measured the rate of gas evolution during grout curing, foam expansion, and the effectiveness of each grout in trapping iodide within the sand matrix. Minimal iodide displacement during grouting is desired and the polyurethane grouts displaced &lt;1 % of iodide due to moisture in the samples being consumed by reactions with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, leaving little excess moisture and associated mobile iodide as the resins cured. Nearly half (45 %) of the iodide was displaced during the injection of epoxy grout when moisture was present. This was attributed to the immiscibility of water containing iodide with epoxy, which was displaced from the monoliths during grouting. Minimal porosities and diffusivities are desired after grouting and all polyurethane grouts had porosity values ranging from 16.59 % to 19.45 % and diffusivities between 1.84×10⁻⁸ to 2.30×10⁻⁷ cm²/<em>sec</em>. Catalyzed grouts generally showed lower porosity and diffusivity with higher ratios of added catalyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100556"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and quantification of microplastic contamination in fishes with different food habits from Beel wetlands","authors":"Garima Bora ,&nbsp;Bipul Phukan ,&nbsp;Avinash Talukdar ,&nbsp;Imtiaz Ahmed ,&nbsp;Samar Jyoti Chutia ,&nbsp;Rinku Gogoi ,&nbsp;Jiten Sarma ,&nbsp;Ayub Ali ,&nbsp;Tushar Gowala ,&nbsp;K.A. Martin Xavier","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, the occurrence of MPs in herbivore, omnivore and carnivore fishes has been evaluated from <em>beel</em>, a freshwater wetland. A total of 90 fishes were collected and MPs detected in all the samples. <em>Glossogobius giuris</em>, a carnivorous fish had the highest number of MP mean abundance of 5.50 ± 0.60 numbers per individual. Carnivorous fishes exhibited the highest number of average MP abundance compared to omnivorous and herbivorous fishes. Fibre-shaped MPs were most abundantly found. Smaller MPs in the size range of 100–500µm were dominant and transparent MPs followed by blue colored MPs were mostly found. The predominant polymer was polyethylene in the case of carnivores followed by omnivore while Nylon was mostly found in omnivores. A positive relationship was found between the trophic levels and MPs abundance which indicates that MPs may transfer along the food chain and accumulate in higher trophic levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100618"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing year-round microplastic loading in the lower Brahmaputra River: A threat to aquatic environment","authors":"Md. Anamul Hassan,&nbsp;Mashura Shammi,&nbsp;Shafi M. Tareq","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rivers transport large quantities of microplastics (MPs) and suspended solids (SS) to the ocean. This study aimed to conduct a year-round analysis of MPs and total suspended solids (TSS) in the lower part of the Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh, estimate their outflow, and assess the resulting ecological risks. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis identified nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, high-density polyethylene, and polystyrene polymers. The most common shape of MPs in the river water was fiber. Annually, 23.60 kg or 1.35 × 10⁴ trillion MPs and 2.08 × 10⁸ tons of SS outflows through this part of the river. Rainfall in the river basin is responsible for the high concentrations of MPs and TSS during the wet season. A species sensitivity distribution model based on toxicity data for freshwater species was used in this study to evaluate the ecological risks posed by MPs and SS. Risk assessment based on the risk quotient (RQ) suggests that MPs and SS pose potential risks to freshwater biota, particularly during the wet season. Overall, this study underscores the persistent presence of MPs throughout the year, highlighting the critical need for immediate and effective preventive measures to reduce MP pollution and protect freshwater biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent developments in melamine detection: Applications of gold and silver nanostructures in colorimetric and fluorometric assays","authors":"Anagha Balaji ,&nbsp;Ayyappa Bathinapatla ,&nbsp;Manju Manuel ,&nbsp;Ravi Kumar Mulpuri ,&nbsp;Suvardhan Kanchi","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purity of milk, traditionally regarded as a symbol of health and nourishment, has been undermined by the alarming issue of melamine (MLM) adulteration. This nitrogen-rich compound is illicitly introduced to falsely enhance protein content, posing significant health risks. Traditional detection methods are often labor-intensive, time-consuming, or require expensive equipment. In response, researchers have developed colorimetric detection techniques to efficiently screen milk for MLM contamination. These methods are particularly promising due to their ease of preparation, rapid detection, high sensitivity, and capability for naked-eye detection. Furthermore, the unique optical properties of advanced nanomaterials have facilitated fluorometric detection, wherein the presence of contaminants induces detectable changes in fluorescence intensity or wavelength. This study offers an in-depth review of recent advancements in colorimetric and fluorometric probes based on silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanostructures, exploring their application in food analysis. It delves into the underlying sensing mechanisms of these probes, showcasing their efficacy in detecting food contaminants. Despite the numerous advantages of Ag and Au nanostructure-based probes, challenges remain, particularly in addressing the complexity of food matrices, achieving simultaneous detection of multiple analytes, and mitigating interference from testing conditions. Additionally, this review highlights the emergence of immunoassay-based sensors, noting that many commercially available MLM testing kits utilize ELISA and LFIA platforms. For the first time, a comprehensive list of MLM testing devices and assay kits is presented, accompanied by key findings from recent studies and recommendations for future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100553"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}