Advances in Physics最新文献_第9页

Mixed-valence manganites – ten years on 混合价锰矿石——十年过去了

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2009-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/00018730903303370

J. Coey, M. Viret, S. von Molnár

引用次数: 13

Coherent methods in the X-ray sciences x射线科学中的相干方法

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2009-08-21 DOI: 10.1080/00018730903270926

K. Nugent

{"title":"Coherent methods in the X-ray sciences","authors":"K. Nugent","doi":"10.1080/00018730903270926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018730903270926","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray sources are developing rapidly and their coherent output is growing correspondingly. The increased coherent flux from modern X-ray sources is being matched with an associated development in experimental methods. This article reviews the literature describing the ideas that utilize the increased brilliance from modern X-ray sources. It explores how ideas in coherent X-ray science are leading to developments in other areas, and vice versa. The article describes measurements of coherence properties and uses this discussion as a base from which to describe partially coherent diffraction and X-ray phase-contrast imaging, with applications in materials science, engineering and medicine. Coherent diffraction imaging methods are reviewed along with associated experiments in materials science. Proposals for experiments to be performed with the new X-ray free-electron lasers are briefly discussed. The literature on X-ray photon-correlation spectroscopy is described and the features it has in common with other coherent X-ray methods are identified. Many of the ideas used in the coherent X-ray literature have their origins in the optical and electron communities and these connections are explored. A review of the areas in which ideas from coherent X-ray methods are contributing to methods for the neutron, electron and optical communities is presented.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018730903270926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58772566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 432

Multiferroicity: the coupling between magnetic and polarization orders 多铁性:磁阶和极化阶之间的耦合

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2009-06-30 DOI: 10.1080/00018730902920554

Kefeng Wang, Jun-Ming Liu, Zhifeng Ren

{"title":"Multiferroicity: the coupling between magnetic and polarization orders","authors":"Kefeng Wang, Jun-Ming Liu, Zhifeng Ren","doi":"10.1080/00018730902920554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018730902920554","url":null,"abstract":"Multiferroics, defined for those multifunctional materials in which two or more kinds of fundamental ferroicities coexist, have become one of the hottest topics of condensed matter physics and materials science in recent years. The coexistence of several order parameters in multiferroics brings out novel physical phenomena and offers possibilities for new device functions. The revival of research activities on multiferroics is evidenced by some novel discoveries and concepts, both experimentally and theoretically. In this review, we outline some of the progressive milestones in this stimulating field, especially for those single-phase multiferroics where magnetism and ferroelectricity coexist. First, we highlight the physical concepts of multiferroicity and the current challenges to integrate the magnetism and ferroelectricity into a single-phase system. Subsequently, we summarize various strategies used to combine the two types of order. Special attention is paid to three novel mechanisms for multiferroicity generation: (1) the ferroelectricity induced by the spin orders such as spiral and E-phase antiferromagnetic spin orders, which break the spatial inversion symmetry; (2) the ferroelectricity originating from the charge-ordered states; and (3) the ferrotoroidic system. Then, we address the elementary excitations such as electromagnons, and the application potentials of multiferroics. Finally, open questions and future research opportunities are proposed.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018730902920554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58772506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1143

Keldysh technique and non-linear σ-model: basic principles and applications Keldysh技术与非线性σ模型:基本原理与应用

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2009-01-23 DOI: 10.1080/00018730902850504

A. Kamenev, A. Levchenko

引用次数: 296

Lattice symmetry breaking in cuprate superconductors: stripes, nematics, and superconductivity 铜超导体中的晶格对称性破缺:条纹、向列线和超导性

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2009-01-21 DOI: 10.1080/00018730903122242

M. Vojta

引用次数: 347

Two-dimensional matter: order, curvature and defects 二维物质:秩序、曲率和缺陷

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2008-12-16 DOI: 10.1080/00018730903043166

M. Bowick, L. Giomi

{"title":"Two-dimensional matter: order, curvature and defects","authors":"M. Bowick, L. Giomi","doi":"10.1080/00018730903043166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018730903043166","url":null,"abstract":"Many systems in nature and the synthetic world involve ordered arrangements of units on two-dimensional surfaces. We review here the fundamental role payed by both the topology of the underlying surface and its Gaussian curvature. Topology dictates certain broad features of the defect structure of the ground state but curvature-driven energetics control the detailed structure of the ordered phases. Among the surprises are the appearance in the ground state of structures that would normally be thermal excitations and thus prohibited at zero temperature. Examples include excess dislocations in the form of grain boundary scars for spherical crystals above a minimal system size, dislocation unbinding for toroidal hexatics, interstitial fractionalization in spherical crystals and the appearance of well-separated disclinations for toroidal crystals. Much of the analysis leads to universal predictions that do not depend on the details of the microscopic interactions that lead to order in the first place. These predictions are subject to test by the many experimental soft- and hard-matter systems that lead to curved ordered structures such as colloidal particles self-assembling on droplets of one liquid in a second liquid. The defects themselves may be functionalized to create ligands with directional bonding. Thus, nano- to meso-scale superatoms may be designed with specific valency for use in building supermolecules and novel bulk materials. Parameters such as particle number, geometrical aspect ratios and anisotropy of elastic moduli permit the tuning of the precise architecture of the superatoms and associated supermolecules. Thus, the field has tremendous potential from both a fundamental and materials science/supramolecular chemistry viewpoint.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018730903043166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58772517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 254

Rapidly rotating atomic gases 快速旋转的原子气体

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2008-10-24 DOI: 10.1080/00018730802564122

N. Cooper

{"title":"Rapidly rotating atomic gases","authors":"N. Cooper","doi":"10.1080/00018730802564122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018730802564122","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we review developments in the theory of rapidly rotating degenerate atomic gases. The main focus is on the equilibrium properties of a single-component atomic Bose gas, which (at least at rest) forms a Bose–Einstein condensate. Rotation leads to the formation of quantized vortices which order into a vortex array, in close analogy with the behaviour of superfluid helium. Under conditions of rapid rotation, when the vortex density becomes large, atomic Bose gases offer the possibility to explore the physics of quantized vortices in novel parameter regimes. First, there is an interesting regime in which the vortices become sufficiently dense that their cores, as set by the healing length, start to overlap. In this regime, the theoretical description simplifies, allowing a reduction to single-particle states in the lowest Landau level. Second, one can envisage entering a regime of very high vortex density, when the number of vortices becomes comparable to the number of particles in the gas. In this regime, theory predicts the appearance of a series of strongly correlated phases, which can be viewed as bosonic versions of fractional quantum Hall states. In this article, we describe the equilibrium properties of rapidly rotating atomic Bose gases in both the mean-field and the strongly correlated regimes, and related theoretical developments for Bose gases in lattices, for multi-component Bose gases and for atomic Fermi gases. The current experimental situation and outlook for the future are discussed in light of these theoretical developments.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018730802564122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58772402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 420

Dynamics and statistical mechanics of ultra-cold Bose gases using c-field techniques 用c场技术研究超冷玻色气体的动力学和统计力学

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2008-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/00018730802564254

P. B. Blakie, Ashton S. Bradley, M. Davis, R. Ballagh, C. Gardiner

引用次数: 368

Heat transport in low-dimensional systems 低维系统中的热输运

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2008-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/00018730802538522

A. Dhar

引用次数: 696

Spin currents and spin superfluidity 自旋电流和自旋超流动性

1区物理与天体物理

Advances in Physics Pub Date : 2008-07-16 DOI: 10.1080/00018731003739943

E. Sonin

引用次数: 166