Advances in Physics最新文献

{"title":"Density-functional theory for plutonium","authors":"P. Söderlind, A. Landa, B. Sadigh","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2019.1599554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2019.1599554","url":null,"abstract":"We review developments in the theoretical description and understanding of plutonium in terms of a metal with itinerant (band) 5f electrons. Within this picture most facets of this remarkable and anomalous material are accurately described by first-principle, parameter-free, density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations. We show that the model explains plutonium’s phase stability, elasticity, lattice vibrations, electronic structure, alloy properties, and magnetism. Fluctuations are addressed by means of constrained DFT calculations and new light is shed on the anomalous properties of δ plutonium, including explaining its negative thermal expansion. Effects of alloying and point defects in plutonium are also addressed. It is further emphasized that strong electron correlations, originating from a large intra-atomic Coulomb repulsion (∼4 eV) of the 5f electrons, that has often been assumed for plutonium in the literature, is inconsistent with the experimental phase diagram of plutonium.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"68 1","pages":"1 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2019.1599554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43139593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Perspectives: Developing and Implementing a Smartphone Intervention for Latina Breast Cancer Survivors in Chicago.","authors":"Laura B Oswald, Judy Guitelman, Diana Buitrago, Joanna Buscemi, Francisco Iacobelli, Alejandra Perez-Tamayo, Frank Penedo, Betina Yanez","doi":"10.1353/cpr.2019.0046","DOIUrl":"10.1353/cpr.2019.0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared with non-Latina White breast cancer survivors (BCS), Latina BCS have poorer health-related quality of life and greater psychosocial needs. However, Latinas are less engaged in clinical research owing to barriers including less access to health-related information, less awareness of clinical trials, and practical barriers (e.g., competing time demands). Latina BCS are in need of educational and health-related resources that are culturally informed, scalable, and accessible. In 2015, the Chicago Cancer Health Equity Collaborative (ChicagoCHEC), a National Cancer Institute research collaborative, and ALAS-WINGS, a community organization providing educational and supportive resources to Latina BCS, partnered to develop My Guide. My Guide is a smartphone application-based intervention for Latina BCS designed to improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This article summarizes the experiences of ChicagoCHEC and ALAS-WINGS throughout the community-engaged research (CEnR) partnership. Using existing relationships in community and academic settings via CEnR provides an ideal starting point for tailoring resources to Latina BCS and engaging Latina BCS in health-related research.</p>","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"53 1","pages":"131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6894161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80783800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The order parameter for the superconducting phases of UPt3","authors":"J. Sauls","doi":"10.1080/00018739400101475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018739400101475","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract I review the principal theories that have been proposed for the superconducting phases of UPt3. The detailed H-T phase diagram places constraints on any theory for the multiple superconducting phases. Much attention has been given to the Ginzberg-Landau region of the phase diagram where the phase boundaries of three phases appear to meet at a tetracritical point. It has been argued that the existence of a tetracritical point for all field orientations eliminates the two-dimensional (2D) orbital representations coupled to a symmetry-breaking field (SBF) as a viable theory of these phases and favours either a theory based on two primary order parameters belonging to different irreducible representations that are accidentally degenerate, as described by Chen and Garg 1993, or a spin-triplet, orbital one-dimensional representation with non spin-orbit coupling in the pairing channel, as described by Machida and Ozaki 1991. I comment on the limitations of the models proposed so far for the superconduct...","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"43 1","pages":"113-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018739400101475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41834249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-matter interactions within the Ehrenfest–Maxwell–Pauli–Kohn–Sham framework: fundamentals, implementation, and nano-optical applications","authors":"R. Jestädt, M. Ruggenthaler, Micael J. T. Oliveira, Á. Rubio, H. Appel","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2019.1695875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2019.1695875","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years significant experimental advances in nano-scale fabrication techniques and in available light sources have opened the possibility to study a vast set of novel light-matter interaction scenarios, including strong coupling cases. In many situations nowadays, classical electromagnetic modeling is insufficient as quantum effects, both in matter and light, start to play an important role. Instead, a fully self-consistent and microscopic coupling of light and matter becomes necessary. We provide here a critical review of current approaches for electromagnetic modeling, highlighting their limitations. We show how to overcome these limitations by introducing the theoretical foundations and the implementation details of a density-functional approach for coupled photons, electrons, and effective nuclei in non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics. Starting point of the formalism is a generalization of the Pauli–Fierz field theory for which we establish a one-to-one correspondence between external fields and internal variables. Based on this correspondence, we introduce a Kohn-Sham construction which provides a computationally feasible approach for ab-initio light-matter interactions. In the mean-field limit, the formalism reduces to coupled Ehrenfest–Maxwell–Pauli–Kohn–Sham equations. We present an implementation of the approach in the real-space real-time code Octopus using the Riemann–Silberstein formulation of classical electrodynamics to rewrite Maxwell's equations in Schrödinger form. This allows us to use existing very efficient time-evolution algorithms developed for quantum-mechanical systems also for Maxwell's equations. We show how to couple the time-evolution of the electromagnetic fields self-consistently with the quantum time-evolution of the electrons and nuclei. This approach is ideally suited for applications in nano-optics, nano-plasmonics, (photo) electrocatalysis, light-matter coupling in 2D materials, cases where laser pulses carry orbital angular momentum, or light-tailored chemical reactions in optical cavities just to name but a few.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"68 1","pages":"225 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2019.1695875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43969888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological quantum matter with cold atoms","authors":"Dan-Wei Zhang, Yan-Qing Zhu, Y. Zhao, Hui Yan, Shi-Liang Zhu","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2019.1594094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2019.1594094","url":null,"abstract":"This is an introductory review of the physics of topological quantum matter with cold atoms. Topological quantum phases, originally discovered and investigated in condensed matter physics, have recently been explored in a range of different systems, which produced both fascinating physics findings and exciting opportunities for applications. Among the physical systems that have been considered to realize and probe these intriguing phases, ultracold atoms become promising platforms due to their high flexibility and controllability. Quantum simulation of topological phases with cold atomic gases is a rapidly evolving field, and recent theoretical and experimental developments reveal that some toy models originally proposed in condensed matter physics have been realized with this artificial quantum system. The purpose of this article is to introduce these developments. The article begins with a tutorial review of topological invariants and the methods to control parameters in the Hamiltonians of neutral atoms. Next, topological quantum phases in optical lattices are introduced in some detail, especially several celebrated models, such as the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model, the Hofstadter–Harper model, the Haldane model and the Kane–Mele model. The theoretical proposals and experimental implementations of these models are discussed. Notably, many of these models cannot be directly realized in conventional solid-state experiments. The newly developed methods for probing the intrinsic properties of the topological phases in cold-atom systems are also reviewed. Finally, some topological phases with cold atoms in the continuum and in the presence of interactions are discussed, and an outlook on future work is given.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"67 1","pages":"253 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2019.1594094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42582933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum magnetism in minerals","authors":"D. Inosov","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2018.1571986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2018.1571986","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of magnetism by the ancient Greeks was enabled by the natural occurrence of lodestone – a magnetized version of the mineral magnetite. Nowadays, natural minerals continue to inspire the search for novel magnetic materials with quantum-critical behaviour or exotic ground states such as spin liquids. The recent surge of interest in magnetic frustration and quantum magnetism was largely encouraged by crystalline structures of natural minerals realizing pyrochlore, kagome, or triangular arrangements of magnetic ions. As a result, names like azurite, jarosite, volborthite, and others, which were barely known beyond the mineralogical community a few decades ago, found their way into cutting-edge research in solid-state physics. In some cases, the structures of natural minerals are too complex to be synthesized artificially in a chemistry lab, especially in single-crystalline form, and there is a growing number of examples demonstrating the potential of natural specimens for experimental investigations in the field of quantum magnetism. On many other occasions, minerals may guide chemists in the synthesis of novel compounds with unusual magnetic properties. The present review attempts to embrace this quickly emerging interdisciplinary field that bridges mineralogy with low-temperature condensed-matter physics and quantum chemistry.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"67 1","pages":"149 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2018.1571986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44774271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in thermoelectrics","authors":"J. Mao, Zihang Liu, Jiawei Zhou, Hangtian Zhu, Qian Zhang, Gang Chen, Z. Ren","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2018.1551715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2018.1551715","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoelectric generators, capable of directly converting heat into electricity, hold great promise for tackling the ever-increasing energy sustainability issue. The thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency is heavily dependent upon the materials’ performance that is quantified by the dimensionless figure-of-merit (ZT). Therefore, the central issue in the research of thermoelectric materials lies in continuously boosting the ZT value. Although thermoelectric effects were discovered in the nineteenth century, it was only until the 1950s when classic materials like Bi2Te3 and PbTe were developed and basic science of thermoelectrics was established. However, the research of thermoelectrics did not take a smooth path but a rather tortuous one with ups and downs. After hiatus in the 1970s and 1980s, relentless efforts starting from the 1990s were devoted to understanding the transport and coupling of electrons and phonons, identifying strategies for improving the thermoelectric performance of existing materials, and discovering new promising compounds. Rewardingly, substantial improvements in materials’ performance have been achieved that broke the ZT limit of unity. Meanwhile, advancements in fundamental understanding related to thermoelectrics have also been made. In this Review, recent advances in the research of thermoelectric materials are overviewed. Herein, strategies for improving and decoupling the individual thermoelectric parameters are first reviewed, together with a discussion on open questions and distinctly different opinions. Recent advancements on a number of good thermoelectric materials are highlighted and several newly discovered promising compounds are discussed. Existing challenges in the research of thermoelectric materials are outlined and an outlook for the future thermoelectrics research is presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of topics in other fields but related to thermoelectricity.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"67 1","pages":"69 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2018.1551715","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46096747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High magnetic field behavior of strongly correlated uranium-based compounds","authors":"J. Mydosh","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2017.1466475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2017.1466475","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic fields are now available to 100 T (pulsed), 45 T (static) at temperatures below 0.3 K. Such technical developments allow the study and tuning of (quantum) phase transitions, unusual magnetic structures and (high-temperature) superconductors in a variety of quantum materials. An especially important class of strongly correlated electron materials is the heavy Fermi liquids (HFLs) displaying numerous reduced-moment antiferromagnets, quantum critical points, unconventional superconductivity, hidden order (HO) and other mysterious ground states. Among the ‘heavy fermions’, the duality of 5f electrons in uranium-based compounds introduces interesting behavior that can be affected by large magnetic fields. I list a few such heavy fermion materials to be considered: URu2Si2 and its tunable hidden state, UBe13 and UPt3 as very HFL paramagnets that become superconducting, the magnetic superconductors UPd2Al3 and UNi2Al3, and the ferromagnetic s UGe2, URhGe and UCoGe. There are also the suggested metamagnetic Fermi-surface reconstructed intermetallic compounds such as UPt2Si2 and UCo2Si2. Present research attention focuses on the high-field behavior (30–40 T) of URu2Si2 and its destruction of HO. These and other U-based systems, e.g. UAu2Si2, UIrGe, etc., expand the opportunities of high magnetic field studies far into the future.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"66 1","pages":"263 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2017.1466475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44964199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing symmetry to control quantum transport","authors":"Daniel Manzano, Pablo I. Hurtado","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2018.1519981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2018.1519981","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling transport in quantum systems holds the key to many promising quantum technologies. Here we review the power of symmetry as a resource to manipulate quantum transport and apply these ideas to engineer novel quantum devices. Using tools from open quantum systems and large deviation theory, we show that symmetry-mediated control of transport is enabled by a pair of twin dynamic phase transitions in current statistics, accompanied by a coexistence of different transport channels. By playing with the symmetry decomposition of the initial state, one can modulate the importance of the different transport channels and hence control the flowing current. Motivated by the problem of energy harvesting, we illustrate these ideas in open quantum networks, an analysis that leads to the design of a symmetry-controlled quantum thermal switch. We review an experimental setup recently proposed for symmetry-mediated quantum control in the lab based on a linear array of atom-doped optical cavities, and the possibility of using transport as a probe to uncover hidden symmetries, as recently demonstrated in molecular junctions, is also discussed. Other symmetry-mediated control mechanisms are also described. Overall, these results demonstrate the importance of symmetry not only as an organizing principle in physics but also as a tool to control quantum systems.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"67 1","pages":"1 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2018.1519981","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46319364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unconventional superconductivity","authors":"G. Stewart","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2017.1331615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2017.1331615","url":null,"abstract":"‘Conventional’ superconductivity, as used in this review, refers to electron–phonon-coupled superconducting electron pairs described by BCS theory. Unconventional superconductivity refers to superconductors where the Cooper pairs are not bound together by phonon exchange but instead by exchange of some other kind, e.g. spin fluctuations in a superconductor with magnetic order either coexistent or nearby in the phase diagram. Such unconventional superconductivity has been known experimentally since heavy fermion CeCu2Si2, with its strongly correlated 4f electrons, was discovered to superconduct below 0.6 K in 1979. Since the discovery of unconventional superconductivity in the layered cuprates in 1986, the study of these materials saw Tc jump to 164 K by 1994. Further progress in high-temperature superconductivity would be aided by understanding the cause of such unconventional pairing. This review compares the fundamental properties of 9 unconventional superconducting classes of materials – from 4f-electron heavy fermions to organic superconductors to classes where only three known members exist to the cuprates with over 200 examples – with the hope that common features will emerge to help theory explain (and predict!) these phenomena. In addition, three new emerging classes of superconductors (topological, interfacial – e.g. FeSe on SrTiO3, and H2S under high pressure) are briefly covered, even though their ‘conventionality’ is not yet fully determined.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"66 1","pages":"196 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00018732.2017.1331615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49149121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}