Journal of earth science & climatic change最新文献

{"title":"How Much do we Affect Climate Change? A Look at the Water System and its Function","authors":"Kaycee Dobson Bs","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000466","url":null,"abstract":"This brief article discusses the impact of contained water on the water system, global warming and climate change. Previously, climate change was thought to be caused by industrialization and excessive gasses in the atmosphere. These gasses interact within a complex system that has been upset by contained water and a water shift from natural sources to above ground containers.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70383995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Remote Sensing for Evaluation of Land Use Change Responses on Hydrology of Muga Watershed, Abbay River Basin, Ethiopia","authors":"Girum Getachew Demeke, T. Andualem","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000493","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with impact of land use change on the hydrology of Muga watershed, Ethiopia using remote sensing and the SWAT model. Global sensitivity analysis was used to determine optimal model parameters. Both the calibration and validation was performed using SWAT-CUP and results showed good match between measured and simulated stream flow data with the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.83, observation standard deviation ratio (RSR) of 0.32 and percent bias (PBIAS) of -10.8% for the calibration, and NSE of 0.79, observation standard deviation ratio (RSR) of 0.54 and percent bias (PBIAS) of -19.8% for the validation period. The overall performance of the model showed that good result. To evaluate land use change impact on hydrology, land use was assigned using six land use classes and processed in ERDAS Imagine and ArcView GIS with the help of ground truth information. Results showed that the area of grass land, shrub land and forest had declined while agricultural land was expanded over the study period. Simulated model results showed an increase of surface runoff in the catchment from 1986 to 2009 while groundwater flow decreased, which is caused due to severe land use changes. By using land use of 2009 as a reference, three scenarios were simulated by changing 5% of each land use (cultivated, grasslands and shrub lands) to forest lands respectively and scenario 1 suggested as best land use scenario to alleviate water resources degradation problem. Citation: Demeke GG, Andualem TG (2018) Application of Remote Sensing for Evaluation of Land Use Change Responses on Hydrology of Muga Watershed, Abbay River Basin, Ethiopia. J Earth Sci Clim Change 9: 493. doi: 10.4172/2157-7617.1000493","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70384485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Future Water Requirement for Plantain (Musa spp.) in Ondo State, Nigeria using Statistically-Downscaled Climate Variables","authors":"O. Yahaya, Olufayo Aa, Oguntunde Pg, Atanda Eo","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70384875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic Analysis of a Perseverant Disfigurement of a Zuma II Entry Route","authors":"Dikedi Pn","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70385143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Spatial Variability of Soil Salinity Indicators by Remote Sensing Indices and Geo-Statistical Approach","authors":"S. Babiker, Elbasri Abulgasim, Hamid Hs","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000462","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinization is considered limiting factor for crop production and land management for dry land in Sudan, its spatial variation is affected by different factors of soil properties, vegetation and environment hence its interaction formulate the planning for successful sustainable agriculture in salt affected soils. This study aims to evolve the spatial prediction of soil salinity indicators by integrated remote sensing indices and geo-statistical cokriging model. Soil samples were collected from 476 square kilometer area in salt affected area, the samples were analyzed following standard procedures for electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, hydrogen ions and saturation percentage. Information of vegetation status identified by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and soil salinization by Salinity index and brightness index were used and utilized for prediction of the soil parameters variability by cokriging model. It was found that the method was resulted in high accuracy based on RMSE and enhances the soil spatial variability assessment and provides significant interaction of different variables and indices in the landscape.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70383497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dynamics of the Coastal Land Scapes Over the Last Decades: Wind Drivers for Change Along the North Western Mauritanian Coast","authors":"A. Littaye, S. Ahmed","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000450","url":null,"abstract":"The alterations of the coastline are a major concern for maritime countries. Mauritania is no exception. As one of the countries with the highest marine productivity in the world, it stimulates growth in infrastructure development and jobs with its marine resources exploitation. But, the marine erosion and submersion have never been more critical to the entire coast. Coastal developments are planned, despite these risks both in the north and in the south. What about the coastline dynamic over the last decades and are they the same all along the Mauritanian coastline? What are the consequences on the coastal landscapes? The chronology of the paleo shoreline has been extensively studied near the Arguin Gulf for a better understanding of the infill of this large sedimentary basin and the last marine invasion started during the Nouakchottian period. The current retrospective study gives details on recent dynamics over the last seven decades. It is based on remote sensing images coupled with statistical analyses of climate data. A focus has been chosen on the Arguin Bank Park, which has been protected since 1976, because such wild areas represent a preferred window to evaluate natural responses. It is also home to coastal ecosystems of primary interest such as eelgrass beds. Five patterns differ in the dynamics of coastal segments that are a continuing accretion, a stability or an erosion. In addition, the time scales of these analyses allow for the identification of the impulse response of the environment, in phase or lagged time. Two new lagoons are developing and one of which shows a colonization by an eelgrass meadow system. The flooding of several insular wetland has become increasingly frequent and raises various questions about the mangroves and changes in the attractiveness of birdlife, the park's main richness. The various coastal dynamics may be the consequence of the sedimentary balance driven by northeasterly winds and the coastal drift currents. While the future projection of this coastal area remains complex, a better understanding of the dynamics should help feed the Strategy for managing the Mauritania’s coastline as well as the management of the Park. The ecological approach of the climate impacts opens up new perspective based on equivalent ecological concept.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70383568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic Liquefaction Potential in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman","authors":"I. El-Hussain, Milad G Saad, A. Deif, Mohamed Aem, M. Ezzelarab","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000451","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic liquefaction is a serious geotechnical engineering problem that takes place in saturated cohesion less soils during earthquakes due to the increase of pore-pressure so that the soil shear strength is decreased to zero. Muscat is situated in the north-eastern part of Oman close to Oman Mountains, which witnessed four earthquakes of order of 5.2 magnitude in the last 1300 years. The surface geology of Muscat reveals great variety of hard rocks in the eastern, southern and western parts to dense and lose sediments in the middle and northern parts. Muscat Municipality provided 1082 borehole data to be examined for their liquefaction susceptibility based on the soil characteristics. Susceptible soils only are further considered to liquefaction hazard assessment. Liquefaction occurs during an earthquake if the cyclic stress ratio (CSR) caused by the earthquake is higher than the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) of the soil. CSR values were evaluated using probabilistic peak ground acceleration (PGA) values for return period of 2475 years at the surface given by detailed hazard and micro zonation studies. CRR for Muscat region is conducted based on the borehole data with N values of SPT tests, and shear wave velocity results from 99 MASW surveys over the entire region. All the required corrections to get standardized (N1) 60 values, to correct shear-wave velocity, and scale the results for Mw 6.0 instead of the proposed 7.5 are conducted. Liquefaction hazard maps were created using the minimum factor of safety (FS) at each site as a representative of the FS against liquefaction at that location. Results indicate that under the current level of seismic hazard, liquefaction potential is possible at some sites along the northern coast, where alluvial soils, shallow ground water table, and relatively high ground motion are present. The expected settlement of the soft soil at each liquefiable site is also evaluated.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70383639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mollusk Response to Anthropogenic Impacts: An Example from Cross River Estuary, South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"A. Timothy","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000473","url":null,"abstract":"The Mollusks of the Cross-River Estuary were sampled monthly between June and August during the rainy season using the direct search and litter-sieving methods. The results show that the extent of alteration of the natural ecosystem from anthropogenic activities could be deduced using the variations in numerical abundance and composition of mollusks in the environment. The most dominant mollusk communities in this study are represented by Neritina glabrata (30.29% during the first sampling and 49.08% during second sampling), Pachymeninx aurita (30.28% during the first sampling and 24.15% at second sampling), Tympanotonus Fuscatus (24.90% and 24.87% during the first and second sampling respectively) and Mactra glabrata (7.00% and 2.00% during the first and second sampling respectively). Low numerical abundance was recorded during the first sampling (241 individuals) as compared to the second sampling (381 individuals) which was attributed to the impacts of silt sedimentation caused by the dredging activities on the estuary in the first month of sampling. The general low diversity of mollusks assemblages recorded in this study reflects the strong impacts of anthropogenic activities. This study has demonstrated the fact that mollusk communities can be utilized as important marker for monitoring anthropogenic impacts and the state of health of the aquatic environment. The study however records various sampling variables due to the nature of the sampling methods. In order to obtain more precise data for a reliable assessment of anthropogenic impacts on the Cross-River Estuary, detailed study of the mollusks communities considering variables such as weather, season and salinity is therefore recommended.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000473","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70384109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Seasonal Rainfall and its Distribution Over Bale Highland, Southeastern Ethiopia","authors":"W. Legese, D. Koricha, K. Ture","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000443","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural productivity heavily depends on onset and cessation of rainfall and Length of Growing Period (LGP). Determining these variables is useful for early warning and preparedness. Therefore, the objective of this study was to show the onset, cessation and LGP of the seasons over Bale Highlands. Bale Highland is characterized by bi-modal rainfall types. In order to find Onset, Cessation and LGP of both Belg and Kiremt seasons, 30 years of rainfall data for periods of (1985 to 2014) in daily format from NMA (National Metrological Agency) Bale robe branch directorate was used. Additionally, for this study, 12 meteorological stations in the Bale Highlands were used. The study shows that there is high variability of onset and cessation in Belg season than kiremt season. The mean onset and mean cessation of Belg season over Bale Highland is March 28 and June 10 with mean standard deviation of 19 days, respectively. On the other hand, in kiremt season, mean onset and mean cessation were July 12 and October 31 with mean standard deviation of 16 and 12 days, respectively. During the major growing season (Kiremt) the mean LGP is 110 days with mean standard deviation of 19 days and for Belg season the mean LGP is 73 days with mean standard deviation of 26 days. The short in LGP and the variation of onset and cessation of the seasons will be considered by the concerned body to aware the local community on the onset and cessation as well as Length of growing period for both seasons. The result found more likely lead the traditional rain-fed agricultural practice in both seasons to shift to irrigation system.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70383034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Assessment of the Wind Power Potential of the Territory at the Regional Level in Rio Grande Do Norte State, Brazil","authors":"Koshkin Sp","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000464","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the assessment of the wind power potential of the territory at the regional level. Such assessment allows defining a strategy of wind power development at administrative unit scale of the country. For Brazil and Rio Grande do N","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70383654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}