Journal of chemical health & safety最新文献

{"title":"Why Do Safety Problems Persist in Academic Laboratories?","authors":"Khairul Hafezad Abdullah,&nbsp;Intan Suraya Noor Arzahan","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00028","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite widespread adoption of regulations, standardoperatingprocedures, and formal safety training, safety incidents and unsafepractices continue to be reported in academic laboratories. This persistenceraises important questions related to the effectiveness of existingsafety approaches in higher-education contexts. This narrative reviewsynthesizes the literature to examine why safety problems persist,focusing on the interactions among hazards, human behavior, trainingpractices, and institutional governance. Rather than treating thesefactors in isolation, the analysis adopts a socio-technical perspectiveto explain how their interplay shapes everyday safety outcomes. Thefindings indicate that safety issues persist not because of the absenceof rules but due to misalignments between governance structures andpractice, normalization of risk-taking behavior, and limited integrationof training into routine laboratory activities. In decentralized academicenvironments, competing priorities, uneven supervision, and variableorganizational capacities further constrain the effectiveness of safetysystems. The Review concludes that persistent safety problems reflectorganizational and systemic deficiencies rather than individual compliancefailures. This necessitates a crucial urgency in adopting integrated,learning-oriented safety strategies that embed safety within the educationalprocess of academic laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"33 4","pages":"548–559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148624784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Adapters for Safe Handling of Sensitive Reagents","authors":"Kaden F. Hekker,&nbsp;Adam P. Jones,&nbsp;Amanda R. Murphy,&nbsp;Kyle Mikkelsen,&nbsp;Gregory W. O’Neil","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.5c00213","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.5c00213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many reagents neededfor the synthesis of important compoundsareair- and/or moisture-sensitive. Technologies for handling these chemicalshave focused on the use of puncturable membranes, which present anumber of issues, ranging from safety concerns to increased waste.A new adapter has been designed and tested that allows for the safetransfer and effective protection of air-sensitive reagents.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"33 4","pages":"592–599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148634035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot Study of an AI-Assisted Open-Source Intelligence Pipeline for Detecting Chemical and Radiological Threat Signals","authors":"Damian Alexander Honeyman,&nbsp;David James Heslop,&nbsp;Chandini Raina MacIntyre","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00096","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><em>Background</em>: Timely detection of chemicaland radiologicalthreats is critical for global public health. These events arise suddenly,cross borders, and can overwhelm response capacity, yet no globalevent-based surveillance system exists to detect chemical and radiologicalthreats. Many are first detected or only detected through news andsocial media, collectively known as open-source intelligence (OSINT).OSINT provides a near-real-time signal source that is scalable forthe systematic extraction and structuring of limited data. This studyevaluates the feasibility of an artificial intelligence (AI)-assistedOSINT pipeline for detecting and characterizing chemical and radiologicalsignals. <em>Methods</em>: A lexicon of 45-lay accessiblesearch terms queried the Bing News Application Programming Interfacefrom Aug 2024 to Jan 2025. Retrieved articles were scraped and summarizedusing GPT-4o, with non-English articles translated using Google Translate.A human-in-the-loop workflow was used for the verification and structureddata extraction. Epidemiological variables were manually extractedinto Microsoft Excel v.2410, analyzed in STATA/BE 18.0, and mappedusing ArcGIS Pro v.3.1. The extraction pipeline applied here was validatedagainst a human-annotated gold standard in a companion study. <em>Results</em>: A total of 802 unique incidents were identified(797 chemical-related and 5 radiological). The United States (60.0%),India (10.8%), and the United Kingdom (9.2%) accounted for the majorityof reported events, reflecting media and language biases rather thanthe true incidence. Common settings included city streets (19.8%),private residences (15.0%), and highways (7.2%). Most incidents wereaccidental (90.1%), frequently involved unknown gases (43.6%), andresulted in at least 1968 affected individuals (647 nonhospitalizedinjuries, 1030 hospitalizations, 291 fatalities). Deliberate eventsmost frequently involved acid attacks (predominantly by male perpetrators)and pepper-spray attacks (predominantly by female perpetrators). <em>Conclusion</em>: This pilot study demonstrates the feasibilityof integrating large language models into an OSINT-based event detectionpipeline for chemical and radiological threats. While not suitablefor estimating true global incidence, this approach enables scalable,near-real-time detection of public health signals and may supportearly warning systems and situational awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"33 4","pages":"647–665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148656128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Holistic Approach to Cumene Oxidation: Integrating Dynamic Modeling, Plantwide Control, and Quantitative HAZOP Analysis","authors":"Svetlana N. Tuntseva,&nbsp;Ilya S. Rodionov,&nbsp;Nikolai V. Ulitin,&nbsp;Talat Sh. Nurmurodov,&nbsp;Daria A. Shiyan,&nbsp;Nikolay A. Novikov,&nbsp;Konstantin A. Tereshchenko,&nbsp;Kharlampii E. Kharlampidi,&nbsp;Nadir N. Ziyatdinov","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00044","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents a holistic approach to the design,control,and safety analysis of cumene oxidation. This holistic approach involvesa systematic, step-by-step study of cumene oxidation, integratingdesign, economic optimization, and process safety through mathematicalmodeling. A dynamic model of the cumene oxidation process was developed,featuring an optimized plantwide control structure. The safety analysiswas conducted using a ‘modified’ HAZOP approach, whichinvolves systematic identification of failure scenarios followed bya quantitative sensitivity analysis of their consequences to deviationsin controller parameters based on the developed dynamic model. Theresults indicate that the most significant process disturbances arise,primarily, from failures in the cumene recycle line. Specific recommendationsare provided to mitigate disturbances associated with recycle linefailures. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that other investigatedfailures can also lead to substantial deviations of key process variablesfrom steady-state conditions. Notably, a simulated failure of thereactor cascade cooling system revealed significant thermal inertiain response to external disturbances. These simulation results supportthe potential implementation of cumene oxidation catalysts, providedthat emergency scenarios in the cooling system of the reactor cascadeare shown to remain manageable under catalytic operating conditions.Applying this integrated approach to catalytic cumene oxidation ensuresa comprehensive evaluation of the technical, economic, and safetyparameters of the industrial plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"33 4","pages":"629–646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148650944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimagining Laboratory Waste Safety: A Risk Assessment Approach Grounded in Accident Data and Institutional Practices in University Science and Engineering Fields","authors":"Takayuki Sunazaki,&nbsp;Shinichi Daiten,&nbsp;Hiroko Kato,&nbsp;Masako Iwasaki,&nbsp;Yukitoshi Takeshita","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00039","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Across universities, technical colleges, corporate andgovernmentalresearch institutes, and hospitals, diverse wastes are generated asa consequence of education, research, and clinical activities. Inresponse, it is increasingly imperative to strengthen autonomous managementgrounded in sound scientific judgment and in strict compliance withrelevant regulations, with due regard to environmental protection,safety assurance, and occupational hygiene. This study examines globaland domestic practices and emerging challenges surrounding laboratorywaste and─aiming to improve future handling and risk assessmentwhile ultimately reducing accident occurrence─proposes practice-groundedrecommendations for risk assessment and risk mitigation in the collectionand management of laboratory waste. Retaining the original risk assessmentformula, we respecify the scoring criteria with reference to a decadeof institutional accident data, calibrating probability and damagescales to better reflect observed experience. Under the redefinedcriteria, the consistency between model-based risk rankings and theempirical ranking of accident frequency is improved, with high-incidencescenarios receiving commensurately elevated scores and lower-incidencescenarios de-emphasized. The new criteria provide a more realisticreflection of institutional risk and a clearer basis for prioritizingmitigation, optimizing waste-removal intervals, and aligning resourceallocation. We argue that this reimagined, practice-anchored frameworkoffers a robust basis for reducing accident likelihood and strengtheningsafety practices in science and engineering education.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"33 4","pages":"568–579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148672419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Autocatalysis in Organic Peroxides","authors":"Zhikun Huang,&nbsp;Qunyang He,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Peng Xi,&nbsp;Jiasheng Wang,&nbsp;Chunfeng Sun,&nbsp;Zhizhong Su,&nbsp;Jiale Huang,&nbsp;Yih-Shing Duh","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.5c00196","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.5c00196","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chemicals containingperoxy functionality, which areknown to bethermally unstable but industrially useful, have been associated withseveral industrial incidents. In this study, the thermal decompositioncharacteristics and autocatalytic potential of 40 organic peroxideswere systematically investigated using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). Dynamic DSC and ARCresults indicated that most samples presented significant thermalhazards, characterized by low onset temperatures (<em>T</em>_onset), high decomposition enthalpies (Δ<em>H</em>), large adiabatic temperature rise (Δ<em>T</em>_ad), and short time-to-maximum-rate. Distinctive structure–dependentstability was observed, with peroxy dicarbonates generally exhibitinglower <em>T</em>_onset values, while dialkyl peroxidesshowed comparatively higher thermal stability. Isothermal DSC identified18 organic peroxides exhibiting a typical induction–acceleration–decayheat flow profile, indicative of autocatalytic behavior. Autocatalyticmanifestation was more frequently observed in diacyl peroxides, peroxyesters, and peroxy dicarbonates, whereas dialkyl peroxides, alkylperoxylcarbonates, and ketone peroxides showed no detectable autocatalyticfeatures. Concentration–gradient experiments further demonstratedthat autocatalytic behavior is formulation-dependent and may attenuateupon dilution. These experimental findings provide systematic evidencefor structure-hazard correlations and highlight the necessity of individualevaluation of organic peroxide formulations to ensure reliable thermalrisk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"33 4","pages":"580–591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148624926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systemic Framework for Assessing and Managing University Laboratory Safety: Case Study in Chemical Laboratories","authors":"Wei Feng,&nbsp;Xuemei Li,&nbsp;Ruipeng Wei,&nbsp;Ge Liang","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00033","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>University laboratorysafety, particularly in settingsinvolvingchemical substances, is characterized by complexity and systemic,making it difficult for traditional safety management methods to effectivelyaddress its risks. This study proposes a hybrid model, establishinga comprehensive methodology of “systemic diagnosis–quantitativeassessment–targeted intervention” for the periodic evaluationof laboratory safety. The model first applies the System TheoreticAccident Model and Processes (STAMP) to construct a three-tier controlstructure of “university, secondary units, laboratories”,systemically identifying safety constraints and potential unsafe controlactions (UCAs) to qualitatively diagnose the root causes of systemvulnerabilities. Subsequently, the results from STAMP provide thescientific basis for constructing the indicator system of the analytichierarchy process (AHP), while the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE) is employed to handle ambiguities in the assessment, enablingthe quantitative evaluation of laboratory safety conditions. Finally,the effectiveness of the hybrid model was validated using chemistrylaboratories in a university. The model not only generated a comprehensivesafety score of 89.07 for the laboratories, categorizing it as “generallysafe” level, but also precisely identified key weak indicatorssuch as “insufficient safety budget” and “failureto close the loop in hazard rectification.” The model profoundlyrevealed underlying issues and proposed targeted improvement strategies,offering an innovative theoretical framework and practical tool foruniversity laboratory safety management.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"33 4","pages":"618–628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148624913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of Coffee Processing Stages and Variables on the Formation of Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione: A Field Assessment in a Café Setting","authors":"Ta-Yuan Chang,&nbsp;Tzu-Chieh Su,&nbsp;Yeh-Chung Chien","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00020","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examined airborne α-diketones (diacetyland 2,3-pentanedione),known respiratory irritants, across different coffee processing variables.A factorial design assessed the roast degree and processing stage,supported by separate tests on other factors. All experiments wereperformed in triplicate at a single site to reduce variability. Real-timemeasurements of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and PM_2.5 aerosols were also conducted when possible. Significantdifferences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in α-diketone concentrationswere found among processing stages (grinding &gt; roasting &gt; packaging),but not by roast degree. Grinding emitted much higher TVOC levelsthan roasting (1131.7 vs 88.3 ppb), while roasting produced higherPM_2.5 (1079.6 vs 90.1 μg/m³). TVOC levelsstrongly correlated with diacetyl (r = 0.827) and 2,3-pentanedione(r = 0.848). Beans from Brazil (sun-dried) released more α-diketonesthan Ethiopian (washed) beans. Grinding zone levels of diacetyl and2,3-pentanedione were 8.4 and 4.9 times higher, respectively, thanin the nearby bar area (∼7 m away). Bean aging affected 2,3-pentanedionelevels, peaking on the first day after roasting. Grind size and quantityshowed no significant effects. These findings highlight key factorsinfluencing α-diketone emissions, and reflect realistic exposuresin café environment. Routine monitoring and source controlare essential to protect worker and consumer health. Elevated PM_2.5 levels during roasting also merit further study on theirchemical characteristics and toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"33 4","pages":"607–617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148651124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Safety in Universities: Legally Enforced vs Culturally Embraced","authors":"Marcela Gerardo Ribeiro,&nbsp;Clara Rosalía Alvarez-Chaves","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00104","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"33 4","pages":"545–547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148624783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Artificial Neural Network Criterion for Identifying the Inherent Safety Process Conditions of Typical Autocatalytic Reactions","authors":"Wenshuai Bai*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lingjie Yang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zixuan He,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xingyu Wen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Jianhua Lv,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.6c00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.6c00013","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In contrast to n-order reactions, autocatalytic reactions exhibit a characteristic where the products of the reaction further catalyze the process, which may significantly increase the risk of thermal runaway under certain conditions. In this work, a dimensionless mathematical model is established to characterize heterogeneous liquid–liquid autocatalytic reactions, with general applicability to any reaction order. Then, an artificial neural network (ANN) criterion is introduced to assess the thermal behavior of autocatalytic reactions, using seven representative features for characterization. To prevent overfitting, Bayesian regularization is applied during training, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to determine the initial weights and thresholds. The results indicate that the established ANN criterion achieves high accuracies on training, validation, and test sets, all of which are more than 99%. The effectiveness of the ANN criterion is validated using a real autocatalytic reaction case. In practice, thermal behavior can be rapidly identified by evaluating reaction features at the current jacket temperature, offering an innovative strategy for identifying safe and efficient operating conditions for autocatalytic reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"33 3","pages":"491–502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chas.6c00013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148010253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}