Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Risk Prediction in Surgery","authors":"S. Masum, A. Hopgood, Jim S. Khan","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jcsct.5079175","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a field of research for more than 70 years, with the goal of mimicking human thought processes in a computer. There were early successes in the subgenre of expert systems, designed to capture knowledge in specialist domains like medicine. These expert systems are part of a broader family of AI known as knowledge-based systems, which contain explicit knowledge expressed in human-readable form [1]. However, the current wave of excitement is largely driven by a different model, namely machine learning (ML). The idea is that by showing a computer algorithm thousands of examples of images or other forms of data, it will learn to associate those examples with their correct classification [1]. A key characteristic of ML is generalization. When presented with an image or data pattern that it has not seen before, the algorithm can classify it reliably, provided that similar examples existed in the training set. Unsurprisingly, many surgeons have limited knowledge of AI and ML. Nevertheless, the fusion of their experiences from the medical domain with those from the computing sciences has led to a significant interest in the developing discipline of health informatics.","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic Causing Gallbladder Cancer Disease near the Himalayan bound Rivers in Bihar: A Case study of Gallbladder Cancer","authors":"Arun Kumar, Ravi C, Sameer Dhingra, K. Murti, M. Ali, Ashok Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jcsct.5079178","url":null,"abstract":"A Gallbladder cancer patient was studied for the etiology of the risk factors, in which it was observed that, the patient was with the disease in very advanced stage and had arsenic contamination in his biological samples more than the permissible limit. Moreover, during the time of his diagnosis he was consuming arsenic contaminated water, more than the WHO permissible limit of 10µg/L. The patient’s household was also in the vicinity of two Himalayan bound rivers. The study correlates that arsenic could be the probable cause of the Gallbladder cancer disease in the patient. Furthermore, studies are also required to establish the link between them","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant Giant Cell Tumour of the Bone: Two Recent Cases with Immediate effect of Treatment with Denosumab","authors":"Christian Tang Axelsen, Steen Baerentzen, N. Aggerholm-Pedersen, Hanne Krogh Rose","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jcsct.5079168","url":null,"abstract":"Giant Cell Tumour of Bone (GCTB) is a rare locally aggressive tumor that in 2-4% can contain a malignant component. Due to the rarity there is only sparse evidence on how to treat it in the metastatic setting. On the contrary denosumab has shown promising results on benign GCTB. Here we present two patients with malignant metastatic GCTB treated with Denosumab with partial response evaluated with RECIST 1.1. This indicates that denosumab can be added as a well- tolerated treatment option for malignant metastatic GCTB.","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abbreviated MRI for Preoperative Assessment of Breast Cancer: is Maximal Intensity Projection (MIP) of the First Post Contrast Acquisition Subtracted (Fast) Sequence Sufficient for Disease Evaluation?","authors":"Rami Hajri,&nbsp;Alexandre Ponti,&nbsp;Jean-Yves Meuwly,&nbsp;Sylvain Eminian,&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Ledoux,&nbsp;Estelle Tenisch,&nbsp;Leonor Alamo-Maestre,&nbsp;Clarisse Dromain,&nbsp;Naïk Vietti Violi","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jcsct.5079184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of abbreviated MRI (AMRI) using the maximal intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction of the first post-contrast acquisition subtracted (FAST) compared with MIP+FAST and full-protocol MRI (fpMRI) for the preoperative assessment of breast cancer (BC) in a biopsy-proven cancer population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this monocentric retrospective study, two readers consensually assessed two AMRI protocols consisting of MIP reconstruction of the FAST (MIP) and MIP+FAST. 228 patients were included with a breast MRI performed between 2013 and 2014, 207 of them (90.8%) had biopsy-proven cancer with 256 lesions. Data of MIP and MIP+FAST were compared to full-protocol MRI (fpMRI) reading and to the reference standard including 6-month follow-up imaging and pathology as the reference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MIP, MIP+FAST and fpMRI demonstrated a per-lesion sensitivity for BC detection of 87.5% (224/256, 95%CI: 82.9-91.3%) and 97.7% (250/256, 95-99.1%) and 98.4% (252/256, 96.1-99.6%), respectively with a statistical difference between MIP compared to MIP+FAST and fpMRI when considering confidence intervals. Per-lesion specificity was not different [MIP: 47.6% (10/21, 25.7-70.2%), MIP+FAST: 52.4% (11/21,29.8-74.3%, fpMRI: 66.7% (14/21, 43-85.4%)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AMRI using only MIP is not accurate for the pre-operative assessment of BC due to lower sensitivity when compared to MIP+FAST and fpMRI. AMRI using the MIP+FAST acquisition in the preoperative setting seems promising as it could be used as the same protocol for both screening and staging in case of positive cases, without need for a recall fpMRI. This needs confirmation with cohort including higher rate of negative cases in order to evaluate the specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"6 4","pages":"452-459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10022524/pdf/nihms-1877666.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9209992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Significance of Galectin-3 Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung.","authors":"Saraswati Pokhare,&nbsp;Umesh C Sharma,&nbsp;Kristopher Attwood,&nbsp;Sharmeen Mansoor","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jcsct.5079169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Squamous cell carcinoma of lung is an aggressive disease with a poor a prognosis. While majority of these patients do not survive longer than five years, a minor proportion of patients go on to live longer without disease progression. Identification of biomarkers using easily available immunohistochemical assays could improve risk-stratification in lung cancer patients. Galectin-3, a lectin binding protein, expression has been linked to cancer progression and metastasis. We examined the prognostic impact of tumoral galectin-3 expression in 236 patients with completely resected squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and matching normal tissue using tissue microarray samples. In normal lung, galectin-3 staining is present in alveolar macrophages. Galectin-3 expression is detected in 87% of lung squamous cell carcinoma with a mean galectin-3 score of 2 (range 0-3). There was a significant association between galectin-3 expression and pathological stage (p=0.012) and nodal metastasis (p= 0.013). Galectin-3 expression level, however, was not associated with survival outcome. In conclusion, galectin-3 is expression is seen in alveolar macrophages and close to 90% of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Galectin-3 expression is not associated with survival outcome in North American cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"322-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9451108/pdf/nihms-1831635.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33454425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression with Clinicopathological Features, Lymph Node Metastasis and Survival Prognosis in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma","authors":"Weifang Shao, Yanhua Xu, Suzhen Lin, Junshun Gao, Junli Gao, Hong Wang","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jcsct.5079163","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most frequently encountered neoplasms with high morbidity and mortality. Activation of the programmed death protein 1/ programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway results in tumor immune evasion by suppressing the activity of T cells. The correlation of PD-L1 with clinicopathological features, lymph node metastasis and prognosis is less clear. The aim of present work was to study the relationship between PD-L1 and clinicopathological features and prognosis of CRC patients. Three hundred and eighty-six patients were included in this study. Serum PD-L1 was measured by ELISA, and PD-L1 on tumor cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Pretreatment levels of PD-L1 were significantly elevated in CRC patient sera compared to healthy donors ( P <0.001). The mean value of PD-L1 in healthy donors, CRC with non-lymph node metastasis, and CRC with lymph node metastasis were 229.22±54.7pg/mL, 400.77±66.3pg/ mL, and 414.29±59.1pg/mL, respectively. The positive rate of PD-L1 in metastatic lymph node was higher than in primary tumor ( P <0.001). PD-L1 negative patients had higher five-year survival rate than PD-L1 positive patients (68.57% vs 46.98%, P =0.012). The univariate analysis indicated that tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and PD-L1 were correlated with five-year survival rate of CRC patients (all P < 0.018). Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis and PD-L1 were independent prognostic factors (all P < 0.008). Our study demonstrates that PD-L1 negative patients have better five-year survival rate, and PD-L1 and lymph node metastasis are independent prognostic factors in CRC patients.","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69347869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Percutaneous Nephrostomy for Uretric Obstruction due to Advanced Abdominopelvic Malignancy: A Retrospective Analysis","authors":"Rida Mansoor, M. Faisal, Shahan Raza, H. Ali, O. Shakeel, Zaeem Shahid, Haroon Hafiz","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jcsct.5079157","url":null,"abstract":"The Role of Percutaneous Nephrostomy for Uretric Obstruction due to Advanced Abdominopelvic Malignancy: A Retrospective Analysis. Journal Cancer Science and Clinical Therapeutics 6 214-221. Abstract Introduction: In advanced or metastatic abdominopelvic malignancy, ureteric obstruction is a known complication. (PCN) is a diversion procedure for decompression in order to improve renal function. It is debatable whether PCN is an effective management to relieve ureteric obstruction in a stage IV abdominoperineal disease. The aim of the study is to determine the outcome of PCN tube insertion in a palliative care setting. Methodology: The study was conducted at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore (SKMCH&RC). Data was retrieved from the electronic Hospital Information System (HIS) of the hospital. Duration of the study was from January, 2018 to December, 2020. We included patients who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy under palliative setting. Results: A total of 111 patients were included in the study. The median age at the time of nephrostomy was 4915.6 years. 67 patients (60.4%) were males, while 44 patients (39.6%) were females. Pre procedural median level of creatinine were was 3.3±3.36. Unilateral nephrostomy was performed in 71 patient (63.9%), while 40 patients (36.1%) underwent bilateral nephrostomy. Post-procedural mean creatinine level were 2.52 + 2.80. Relief of symptoms was observed among 68 patients (62.2%). 75 patients (67.6%) did not develop any complications after the procedure. The two most common complications of the procedure in our study were dislodgement (9%) and infection (9%). Conclusion: PCN is good for symptomatic and biochemical relief even in stage IV cancer, however due to increased incidence of complications in these patients the benefits might outweigh the risks.","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insect Venoms and their Bioactive Components: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in Chronic Diseases and Cancer","authors":"Deepshikha Moran, U. Dutta, Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara, Enush Daimari, B. Deka","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jcsct.5079176","url":null,"abstract":"To counteract the growing burden of chronic diseases, discovery of highly selective target specific drugs is of utmost importance in present scenario. Various advanced therapeutic procedures and modern drugs have been developed and approved in last three decades for treating these disorders. The very first limitation of these therapies is their side effects, which are severe and long term. Also, these treatments are a costly affair and of limited therapeutic advantages. To overcome it, exploration and mining of natural products is much necessary. Phytotherapy is already well-established in the field of drug discovery. Focus should also be provided on zoo-therapy, as it is loaded with paramount of possibilities regarding disease treatment. Insect venoms are cocktail of bioactive components with different physiological actions that have undergone evolutionary refinement through a long time-scale. This evolutionary selection over time makes them more suitable candidate for target specific drug discovery. In this review we are trying to throw some light on some significant insect venom components with their mechanism of patho-physiological actions, relevance in the field of advanced drug discovery targeting chronic diseases including cancer.","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtaining a Recombinant Protein Based on the E7 Antigen of Human Papillomavirus Type 18","authors":"Rodriguez Rodriguez N,, Alfonso Chaviano AB,, Granadillo Rodríguez M,, Batte Figueredo A,, Torrens I","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jcsct.5079172","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and was the leading cause of death among approximately 300 000 cases in 2018. The main risk factor for developing this disease is the persistent infection of high-risk types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV); specifically, HPV-18 is recognized as one of the major contributors for adenocarcinoma and squamous cancer. There are three prophylactic vaccines to prevent infection by HPV, but these vaccines are not effective in infected people. On the other hand, despite the success of various types of therapeutic vaccine candidates in clinical trials, none of them is commercially available to treat women with HPV-related malignancies. As the methods used for obtaining those therapeutic candidates are awfully expensive, they could be inaccessible for developing countries. In this scenario, E7 antigen of HPV is considered an ideal target for developing therapeutic vaccines. In accordance with this, the aim of this work is to obtain a recombinant fusion protein with high levels of purity through a profitable process, which could be used as therapeutic alternative for treating tumors expressing the E7 antigen of HPV-18. Results: We have obtained the novel recombinant protein CIGB550-E718 that comprises the fusion between an E7 mutein of HPV-18 and the cell-penetrating peptide with immunostimulatory properties CIGB550. The expression of the fusion protein evaluated using two strains of E. coli and 16 culture media with different composition enabled us to choose the best setting in which the interest protein accounted for approximately 16% of the total cellular protein. The best results were obtained using BL21(DE3) cells as host system grown in a culture medium containing M9 salt, casein hydrolysate and glycerol as a carbon source. The recombinant protein was purified by a single affinity chromatographic step up to 90% purity. Yields of 32 mg of the CIGB550-E718 per liter of culture were achieved from 2.5 L scale. Conclusions: These results are a promising and cost-effective approach for the future production and scale-up of the protein CIGB550-E718, which could be a therapeutic alternative for treating women with lesions associated to HPV-18 infection.","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic Delivery of a Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor More Effective than Topical Delivery in Preventing Anal Carcinogenesis in an HPV Transgenic Mouse Model.","authors":"Laura C Gunder,&nbsp;Tyra H Moyer,&nbsp;Marissa R Ziolkowski,&nbsp;Margaret K Keating,&nbsp;Glen E Leverson,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Evie H Carchman","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jcsct.5079153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anal dysplasia is a growing health concern that over time can result in squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of the anus. In this study, we compare a topical versus systemic (oral) administration of LY3023414, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, to prevent anal carcinogenesis in a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) mouse model of anal cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong><i>K14E6/E7</i> transgenic mice were used to model HPV-induced anal carcinogenesis. Mice with varying starting anal histologies (normal histology, low-grade, and high-grade anal dysplasia) were treated topically at the anus or systemically via oral gavage with LY3023414 with or without topical carcinogen for 20 weeks. Mice were monitored for overt anal tumor development and anal tissue was assessed for histology and markers of PI3K and mTOR activity (pAKT and pS6, respectively).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LY3023414 treatment, regardless of the mode of delivery, significantly decreased overt tumor development in mice starting with normal histology and low-grade anal dysplasia. Systemic LY3023414 treatment was more effective in delaying tumor onset than topical treatment. Mice treated with systemic LY3023414 had significantly reduced rates of anal SqCC when starting with normal and low-grade anal dysplasia compared to topical treatment. Topical treatment was only effective in reducing SqCC in the setting of low-grade dysplasia. LY3023414 inhibition of pAKT and pS6 expression varied with starting histology. Neither treatment mode was effective in the setting of high-grade anal dysplasia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Systemic LY3023414 treatment was more effective than topical application in delaying the progression of normal anal histology and low-grade dysplasia to anal cancer in HPV-associated mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"6 2","pages":"157-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9851170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10057096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}