Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Critical Insights into Parathyroid Cancer.","authors":"Tariq Ali Masri-Zada, Matteo Giovanni Candela, Hassan Makki, Hany Salman, Shadi Aziz, Nadine Bazzi, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079285","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jcsct.5079285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine malignancy accounting for less than 1% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases. It carries significant morbidity due to severe hypercalcemia and a high rate of recurrence post-resection. This literature review synthesizes current evidence on the diagnostic challenges, surgical management, and outcomes associated with parathyroid carcinoma. Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma remains difficult due to a large overlap with parathyroid adenoma in clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and imaging characteristics. However, markedly elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, palpable neck mass, and evidence of local invasion may raise suspicion for malignancy. Definitive diagnosis relies on histopathologic features such as capsular, vascular, or perineural invasion. Also, many immunohistochemical markers are currently under review, including mutation of the CDC73 gene, loss of parafibromin, and elevated Ki-67, which support the diagnosis. Complete <i>en bloc</i> resection at the initial operation represents the most critical determinant of long-term outcomes. Achieving negative margins significantly reduces recurrence rates and improves survival, while limited resection and capsular disruption are associated with increased risk of locoregional recurrence. While lymph node involvement is relatively uncommon, selective rather than routine lymph node dissection is recommended. Adjuvant therapies, including radiation and systemic treatments, play a limited and largely palliative role, particularly in advanced or unresectable disease. Parathyroid carcinoma commonly recurs, requiring multiple reoperations, with morbidity primarily driven by persistent hypercalcemia. Long-term surveillance with serial biochemical monitoring is essential due to the risk of late recurrence. Overall, evidence consistently demonstrates that outcomes are contingent on the adequacy of the initial surgical resection, highlighting the importance of early recognition and complete <i>en bloc</i> resection.</p>","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"10 2","pages":"54-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148708814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mohs Surgery vs. Wide Local Excision for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Comparing Recurrence Rates, Economic Value, and Aesthetic Outcomes.","authors":"Kimia Heidari, Seyedshayan Shojaei, Haiyue Jin, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079281","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jcsct.5079281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), comprising basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC), represents the most common malignancy worldwide. Surgical management remains the gold standard, yet the choice between Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and wide local excision (WLE) continues to generate debate due to differences in recurrence, cost, and cosmetic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically compare MMS and WLE across three domains: long-term recurrence rates, cost-effectiveness, and aesthetic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A contemporary synthesis of prospective cohorts, registries, randomized trials, and economic models was performed. Outcomes included 5-year recurrence, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and validated patient-reported scar assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For high-risk facial BCC and cSCC, MMS reduced 5-year recurrence to ≤ 1% compared with 3-5% after WLE (number-needed-to-treat = 28). Tissue-sparing margins yielded scars 1-2 mm narrower and 38% smaller in surface area, increasing the probability of \"good/excellent\" cosmesis by 12% per mm saved. Economic analyses demonstrated that, despite higher upfront procedural costs, MMS dominated WLE by saving ≈ $330 per patient and gaining 0.04 QALY over five years. Population-level adoption for intermediate-risk cSCC projected an annual payer surplus of ≈ $200 million and >25,000 QALYs. Patient-reported outcomes (POSAS, SCAR-Q, and FACE-Q) consistently favored MMS, with ≥ 90% rating scars as \"good/excellent\" versus 74% after WLE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MMS provides superior oncologic control, cosmetic outcomes, and cost-effectiveness compared with WLE for high-risk NMSC. Expanding MMS capacity and embedding patient-centered decision aids could optimize value-based care and deliver durable clinical and economic benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"10 1","pages":"12-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13160280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147935636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Galectin-1 in the Pathogenesis of Melanoma.","authors":"Grace Kim, Thea Blackwell, Kimiya Banai, Rowen Lin, Justin Chung, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079279","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jcsct.5079279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Galectins (Gal) are β-galactoside-binding endogenous lectins involved in a wide variety of angiogenic and immune functions throughout many tissues. Galectin 1 (Gal-1) is an important member of the galectin family, acting as a central regulator in immune cells, tumor immune evasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and therapy resistance, especially in melanoma. Within the immune system, galectin-1 influences the activation of dendritic cells, natural killer cells, B-cells, and T-cells and their downstream effects, as well as influences myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Further, Gal-1 influences cancer biology by promoting and regulating angiogenesis through the VEGFR2/NRP1 glycan binding signaling pathway and regulation of alternative splicing, and metastasis, priming pre-metastatic niches. Within melanoma, Gal-1 has a key role in therapy resistance, resisting MAPK inhibitors and chemotherapy, and cancer progression, including promoting immune evasion, SOX10-linked plasticity, and VEGF-independent angiogenesis. Therapeutic strategies have been developed to target the role of Galectin-1, including small-molecule and mAb Gal-1 inhibitors and positron emission tomography imaging for noninvasive profiling of tumor microenvironment. Despite its therapeutic potential, its vast role within different organ systems, including providing cardioprotective effects, immune system regulation, stress regulation, and axonal growth and regeneration, limits Gal-1 targeted therapies. Thus, further research is warranted to determine strategies to isolate therapeutic agents within the cancer cells. As Galectin-1 plays a role in the prognosis and treatment of melanoma, we critically reviewed the published information on its role within immune, endothelial, and stromal cells, the influence of Gal-1 on cancer biology, specifically within melanoma, therapeutic strategies to target Gal-1, and identified key gaps in current therapies and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"9 4","pages":"212-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolving Paradigm of Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma: Current Insights, Emerging Therapies, and Future Directions.","authors":"Regan Laird, Anshu Aggarwal, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079275","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jcsct.5079275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction is a highly aggressive malignancy with a significant mortality risk and poor overall prognosis. The annual incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has risen substantially in recent decades and is now recognized as the most common form of esophageal cancer. Early detection of esophageal adenocarcinoma remains challenging due to the frequency of asymptomatic disease progression and ongoing limitations of current screening guidelines. Barrett's esophagus is the established precursor lesion for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Despite the high mortality rate of esophageal adenocarcinoma, neoplastic progression of Barrett's esophagus is poorly understood. While the presence of dysplasia can help identify the relatively small subset of patients with Barrett's esophagus at a higher risk of progression, it is far from a perfect predictor. More research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms precipitating malignant transformation. Optimal management of esophageal adenocarcinoma requires a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to tailor risk-stratified screening algorithms and ensure timely intervention. Advancements in treatment protocols, molecularly targeted therapies, and palliative care have improved perioperative outcomes and quality of life. Even still, long-term survival is poor, and recurrence is frequent. Ongoing translational research is essential for reducing disease burden, improving treatment durability, and extending progression-free survival for patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. This comprehensive review will detail the established guidelines, recent updates, and deficits surrounding the history, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and prognosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"9 4","pages":"168-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12798766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAR T-Cell Therapy in Cancer: Balancing Efficacy with Cardiac Toxicity Concerns.","authors":"Parth Bhargava, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CAR-T therapy (Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy) is a novel and transformative approach to fighting cancer, modulating the immune system involving adoptive cell therapy. In this article, a comprehensive information is provided on the effectiveness of CAR-T therapy in various types of cancers some of which have shown to be particularly challenging cancers to fully eliminate. The clinical effectiveness of CAR-T therapy compared to other traditional methods of cancer treatments such as surgical, radiotherapy, high dose rate (HDR)-brachytherapy, and immunotherapy favors CAR-T cell treatment strategy. The article presents the concept of CAR-T, discuss the structure and function of this novel therapeutic and its efficacy in liquid cancers, and development of therapies in solid cancers. Partial and complete response rates in relation to the CAR-T methodologies on various cancers are critically reviewed with discussion on the durability and overall long-term effects and limitations. Potential role of CAR-T therapies in various cancer treatments is reviewed in conjunction with other therapies and the efficacies and status on the progress of those therapies. Despite the impressive efficacy of CAR-T therapy, it is associated with potentially serious side effects, particularly cardiovascular toxicities that require proper cardiovascular screening prior, during, and after CAR-T therapy. These highlight the standardized modes of monitoring, prevention, and management of the toxicities. The cytokine release storm (CRS) in the pathogenesis of CAR-T toxicities may manifest in different ways emphasizing heterogeneous clinical presentation of CAR-T adverse events, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring and individualized management strategies. Nonetheless, additional information on the serious adverse effects and long-term effects warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"9 3","pages":"140-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Genetic Testing in the Cancer Management and Prevention.","authors":"Niayesh Najafi, Kayvan Sasaninia, Zoya Najafi, Cady Babakhan Vartanian, Kevin Babakhan Vartanian, Faredun Dungore, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079274","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jcsct.5079274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predictive genetic testing is a medical test that can effectively reduce morbidity and mortality caused by genetic diseases. This specific test predicts the risk of disease and provides prognostic information in asymptomatic persons, leading to the adoption of prevention strategies and individualized treatment in high-risk persons. Although the cause of some cancers is not known correctly, numerous studies establish that some specific gene mutations make people susceptible to specific cancer. Therefore, genetic screening of people, especially individuals with a family history of cancer, can be essential in reducing disease mortality and improving survival. Although genetic screening, in some cases, is associated with challenges, overall, it can be recognized as an important way to prevent and control hereditary diseases and save many lives. This article provides a critical review of the published reports and discusses the value of preventive genetic testing in preventing and controlling cancers and the role of hereditary mutations associated with cancer development.</p>","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"9 4","pages":"156-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12802875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145992269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual-Level Factors that Contribute to Delayed Cervical Cancer Diagnosis among Patients in Kenya; A Hospital-Based Assessment.","authors":"Marthaclaire Zammit, Jackline Nyaberi, Susan Mambo, Careena Otieno, Bridget Kimani","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079237","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jcsct.5079237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer ranks 4th as the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. In Kenya, it is the 2nd most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Globally, more than 50% of Cervical Cancer diagnoses are made late, with this proportion rising to over 80% in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the individual-level factors contributing to delayed cervical cancer diagnosis. A cross-sectional hospital-based study was adopted to collect data on; Socio-demographics, affordability and use of health insurance, Cervical cancer and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) screening awareness, Prior HPV screening, Diagnosis circumstances, Time taken to seek medical attention, Fears and social support experiences, from 139 cervical cancer patients systematically sampled at the Kenyatta National Hospital, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Additionally, 8 Key Informants were purposively selected, to provide in-depth information. Associations between stage at diagnosis and individual-level factors were tested using logistic regression at 95% Confidence Interval. The mean age was 51 years and all participants were African and Christians. Majority (63.31%) were married and educated up to primary level, and more than half (61.15%) were unemployed. The prevalence of delayed diagnosis was 86(61.9%). The Risk Factors for delayed diagnosis were; Older age; 50-59 (p-value=0.049) & 60-69 years (0.013), Lack of HPV screening awareness (P-value=0.017), and Seeking medical attention only due to a symptomatic trigger (P-value=0.030). In corroboration, qualitative information reported that, inability to afford diagnosis costs, lack of awareness and poor medical care seeking habits, contribute to delayed diagnosis. The study identified gaps in awareness of Cervical Cancer and HPV screening among women and affordability of diagnosis costs. More community-level awareness should be created and, increase of centers and resources for diagnosis and free screening. Women should also be encouraged to pay for the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF), so as to lessen their financial burden of diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Web Application for Predicting Drug Combination Efficacy Using Monotherapy Data and IDACombo.","authors":"Yunong Xia, Alexander L Ling, Weijie Zhang, Adam Lee, Mei-Chi Su, Robert F Gruener, Sampreeti Jena, Yingbo Huang, Siddhika Pareek, Yuting Shan, R Stephanie Huang","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079218","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jcsct.5079218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We recently reported a computational method (IDACombo) designed to predict the efficacy of cancer drug combinations using monotherapy response data and the assumptions of independent drug action. Given the strong agreement between IDACombo predictions and measured drug combination efficacy in vitro and in clinical trials, we believe IDACombo can be of immediate use to researchers who are working to develop novel drug combinations. While we previously released our method as an R package, we have now created an R Shiny application to allow researchers without programming experience to easily utilize this method. The app provides a graphical interface which enables users to easily generate efficacy predictions with IDACombo using provided data from several high-throughput cell line screens or using custom, user-provided data.</p>","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"7 4","pages":"253-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10852200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139725201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biophysical and Biological Mechanisms of Tumor Treating Fields in Glioblastoma.","authors":"Jeremy Pan, Tony Eskandar, Zubair Ahmed, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079249","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jcsct.5079249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive forms of brain cancer that presents with a median survival rate of 14-30 months and along with a discouraging five-year survival rate of 4-5%. Standard treatment of newly diagnosed GBM, also known as the Stupp protocol, includes a maximally safe surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy. Despite these treatment regimens, recurrence is almost inevitable, emphasizing the need for new therapies to combat the aggressive nature of GBMs. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFs) are a relatively new application to the treatment of GBMs, and results have been promising with both progression-free survival and overall survival when TTFs have been used in combination with temozolomide. This article critically reviews the biophysical and biological mechanisms of TTFs, their clinical efficacy, and discusses the results in clinical trials, including EF-11 and EF-14. Both trials have demonstrated that TTFs can enhance progression free survival and overall survival without compromising quality of life or causing severe adverse effects. Despite the high cost associated with TTFs and the need for further analysis to determine the most effective ways to integrate TTFs into GBM treatments, TTFs represent a significant advancement in GBM therapy and offer hope for improved patient prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"8 3","pages":"265-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11448370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-Cell Lung Cancer in a Cancer Center in Colombia","authors":"C. Carvajal, D. Ballen, Natallie Jurado,, Rafael Beltrán, M. Alarcón, Camilo Vallejo-Yepes, Marcela Núñez, R. Parra, Ricardo Brugés-Maya","doi":"10.26502/jcsct.5079186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jcsct.5079186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}