JMIR nursing最新文献

{"title":"Advancing Clinical Chatbot Validation Using AI-Powered Evaluation With a New 3-Bot Evaluation System: Instrument Validation Study.","authors":"Seungheon Choo, Suyoung Yoo, Kumiko Endo, Bao Truong, Meong Hi Son","doi":"10.2196/63058","DOIUrl":"10.2196/63058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The health care sector faces a projected shortfall of 10 million workers by 2030. Artificial intelligence (AI) automation in areas such as patient education and initial therapy screening presents a strategic response to mitigate this shortage and reallocate medical staff to higher-priority tasks. However, current methods of evaluating early-stage health care AI chatbots are highly limited due to safety concerns and the amount of time and effort that goes into evaluating them.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study introduces a novel 3-bot method for efficiently testing and validating early-stage AI health care provider chatbots. To extensively test AI provider chatbots without involving real patients or researchers, various AI patient bots and an evaluator bot were developed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Provider bots interacted with AI patient bots embodying frustrated, anxious, or depressed personas. An evaluator bot reviewed interaction transcripts based on specific criteria. Human experts then reviewed each interaction transcript, and the evaluator bot's results were compared to human evaluation results to ensure accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient-education bot's evaluations by the AI evaluator and the human evaluator were nearly identical, with minimal variance, limiting the opportunity for further analysis. The screening bot's evaluations also yielded similar results between the AI evaluator and human evaluator. Statistical analysis confirmed the reliability and accuracy of the AI evaluations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The innovative evaluation method ensures a safe, adaptable, and effective means to test and refine early versions of health care provider chatbots without risking patient safety or investing excessive researcher time and effort. Our patient-education evaluator bots could have benefitted from larger evaluation criteria, as we had extremely similar results from the AI and human evaluators, which could have arisen because of the small number of evaluation criteria. We were limited in the amount of prompting we could input into each bot due to the practical consideration that response time increases with larger and larger prompts. In the future, using techniques such as retrieval augmented generation will allow the system to receive more information and become more specific and accurate in evaluating the chatbots. This evaluation method will allow for rapid testing and validation of health care chatbots to automate basic medical tasks, freeing providers to address more complex tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":73556,"journal":{"name":"JMIR nursing","volume":"8 ","pages":"e63058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed Analysis and Road Map Proposal for Care Transition Records and Their Transmission Process: Mixed Methods Study.","authors":"Elisabeth Veronica Mess, Matthias Regner, Sabahudin Balic, Lukas Kleybolte, Lisa Daufratshofer, Andreas Mahler, Sabrina Tilmes, Viktor Werlitz, Claudia Reuter, Alexandra Teynor","doi":"10.2196/60810","DOIUrl":"10.2196/60810","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The digitalization of health care in Germany holds great potential to improve patient care, resource management, and efficiency. However, strict data protection regulations, fragmented infrastructures, and resistance to change hinder progress. These challenges leave care institutions reliant on outdated paper-based workflows, particularly for patient data transmission, despite the pressing need for efficient tools to support health care professionals amid a nursing shortage and rising demand for care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This paper aims to analyze Germany's care transition record (CTR) and CTR transmission process as part of transition management and suggests improvements toward a seamless digital solution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;To understand the current challenges of manual CTR transfers, we used a mixed methods approach, which included a web-based questionnaire with nursing professionals, field observations, business process model and notation modeling, semantic and frequency analysis of CTR entries, and user story mapping.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A web-based questionnaire involving German nursing professionals (N=59) revealed considerable delays in patient care due to manual, patient-transferred CTRs. Of the 33 usable responses (n=33), 70% (n=23) of the respondents advocating for digital transmission to improve efficiency. Observations (N=11) in care facilities (n=5, 45%) and a hospital (n=6, 55%) confirmed the high administrative burden, averaging 34.67 (SD 10.78) minutes per CTR within a hospital and 44.6 (SD 20.5) minutes in care facilities. A semantic analysis of various CTRs (N=4) highlighted their differences and complexity, stressing the need for standardization. Analyzing a new CTR standard (care information object CTR) and manually mapping an existing CTR to it showed that the procedure was ambiguous, and some associations remained unclear. A frequency analysis of CTR entities revealed which were most used. In addition, discussions with care staff pointed out candidates for the most relevant entities. On the basis of the key findings, a stepwise transition approach toward a road map proposal for a standardized, secure transfer of CTRs was conceptualized. This road map in the form of a user story map, encompassing a \"CTR transformer\" (mapping of traditional CTRs to a new standard) and \"care information object CTR viewer/editor\" (in short, CIO-CTR viewer and editor; a new standard for viewing, editing, and exporting), shows a possibility to bridge the transition time until all institutions fully support the new standard.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;A future solution should simplify the overall CTR transmission process by minimizing manual transfers into in-house systems, standardizing the CTR, and providing a secure digital transfer. This could positively impact the overall care process and patient experience. With our solutions, we attempt to support care staff in ","PeriodicalId":73556,"journal":{"name":"JMIR nursing","volume":"8 ","pages":"e60810"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Role of AI in Changing the Role of Nurses in Patient Care: Systematic Review.","authors":"Inas Al Khatib, Malick Ndiaye","doi":"10.2196/63335","DOIUrl":"10.2196/63335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This review investigates the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) use and the role of nurses in patient care. AI exists in health care for clinical decision support, disease management, patient engagement, and operational improvement and will continue to grow in popularity, especially in the nursing field.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aim to examine whether AI integration into nursing practice may have led to a change in the role of nurses in patient care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To compile pertinent data on AI and nursing and their relationship, we conducted a thorough systematic review literature analysis using secondary data sources, including academic literature from the Scopus database, industry reports, and government publications. A total of 401 resources were reviewed, and 53 sources were ultimately included in the paper, comprising 50 peer-reviewed journal articles, 1 conference proceeding, and 2 reports. To categorize and find patterns in the data, we used thematic analysis to categorize the systematic literature review findings into 3 primary themes and 9 secondary themes. To demonstrate whether a role change existed or was forecasted to exist, case studies of AI applications and examples were also relied on.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research shows that all health care practitioners will be impacted by the revolutionary technology known as AI. Nurses should be at the forefront of this technology and be empowered throughout the implementation process of any of its tools that may accelerate innovation, improve decision-making, automate and speed up processes, and save overall costs in nursing practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study adds to the existing body of knowledge about the applications of AI in nursing and its consequences in changing the role of nurses in patient care. To further investigate the connection between AI and the role of nurses in patient care, future studies can use quantitative techniques based on recruiting nurses who have been involved in AI tool deployment-whether from a design aspect or operational use-and gathering empirical data for that purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":73556,"journal":{"name":"JMIR nursing","volume":"8 ","pages":"e63335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Attached File Formats on the Performance of ChatGPT-4 on the Japanese National Nursing Examination: Evaluation Study.","authors":"Kazuya Taira, Takahiro Itaya, Shuntaro Yada, Kirara Hiyama, Ayame Hanada","doi":"10.2196/67197","DOIUrl":"10.2196/67197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>This research letter discusses the impact of different file formats on ChatGPT-4's performance on the Japanese National Nursing Examination, highlighting the need for standardized reporting protocols to enhance the integration of artificial intelligence in nursing education and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73556,"journal":{"name":"JMIR nursing","volume":"8 ","pages":"e67197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Educators' Perceptions and Experiences of Online Teaching to Foster Caring Profession Students' Development of Virtual Caring Skills: Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods Study.","authors":"Lorelli Nowell, Sonja Johnston, Sara Dolan, Michele Jacobsen, Diane L Lorenzetti, Elizabeth Oddone Paolucci","doi":"10.2196/64548","DOIUrl":"10.2196/64548","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Professionals in caring disciplines have been pivotal in advancing virtual care, which leverages remote technologies to deliver effective support and services from a distance. Educators in these caring professions are required to teach students the skills and competencies needed to provide high-quality and effective care. As virtual care becomes more integral, educators must equip students in these fields with both interpersonal and technological skills, bridging traditional hands-on learning with digital literacy. However, there is a gap in evidence exploring educators' perceptions and experiences of teaching caring profession students about virtual caring skills within online environments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to better understand caring profession educators' online teaching experiences to foster student development of virtual caring skills and competencies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We used a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach that integrated a cross-sectional survey and individual interviews with educators from caring professions to better understand caring professional educators' online teaching experiences to foster student development of virtual caring skills and competencies. The survey's primary objectives were to examine the various elements of existing e-learning opportunities, delve into educators' perspectives and encounters with these opportunities, and identify the factors that either facilitated or hindered online teaching practices to support students in developing virtual caring skills and competencies. The individual interview guides were based on survey findings and a systematic review of the evidence to gain deeper insights into educators' experiences and perspectives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 82 survey participants and 8 interview participants were drawn from educators in the fields of education, medicine, nursing, and social work. Various instructional methods were used to help students develop virtual caring skills, including reflections on learning, online modules, online discussion boards, demonstrations of remote care, and consultation with clients. There was a statistically significant difference between educators' level of experience teaching online and their satisfaction with online teaching and learning technologies (P&lt;.001) and between educators' faculties (departments) and their satisfaction with online teaching and learning technologies (P=.001). Participants identified barriers (time constraints, underdeveloped curriculum, decreased student engagement, and limited access to virtual caring equipment and technology), facilitators (clearly defined learning objectives, technology software and support, teaching support, stakeholder engagement, and flexibility), and principles of teaching virtual caring skills in online environments (connection, interaction, compassion, empathy, care, and vulnerability).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Concl","PeriodicalId":73556,"journal":{"name":"JMIR nursing","volume":" ","pages":"e64548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unobtrusive Nighttime Movement Monitoring to Support Nursing Home Continence Care: Algorithm Development and Validation Study.","authors":"Hannelore Strauven, Chunzhuo Wang, Hans Hallez, Vero Vanden Abeele, Bart Vanrumste","doi":"10.2196/58094","DOIUrl":"10.2196/58094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rising prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) among older adults, particularly those living in nursing homes (NHs), underscores the need for innovative continence care solutions. The implementation of an unobtrusive sensor system may support nighttime monitoring of NH residents' movements and, more specifically, the agitation possibly associated with voiding events.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to explore the application of an unobtrusive sensor system to monitor nighttime movement, integrated into a care bed with accelerometer sensors connected to a pressure-redistributing care mattress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 6 participants followed a 7-step protocol. The obtained dataset was segmented into 20-second windows with a 50% overlap. Each window was labeled with 1 of the 4 chosen activity classes: in bed, agitation, turn, and out of bed. A total of 1416 features were selected and analyzed with an XGBoost algorithm. At last, the model was validated using leave one subject out cross-validation (LOSOCV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The trained model attained a trustworthy overall F1-score of 79.56% for all classes and, more specifically, an F1-score of 79.67% for the class \"Agitation.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results from this study provide promising insights in unobtrusive nighttime movement monitoring. The study underscores the potential to enhance the quality of care for NH residents through a machine learning model based on data from accelerometers connected to a viscoelastic care mattress, thereby driving progress in the field of continence care and artificial intelligence-supported health care for older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":73556,"journal":{"name":"JMIR nursing","volume":"7 ","pages":"e58094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Visitor Expectations of AI Nursing Robots in Hospital Settings: Cross-Sectional Study Using the Kano Model.","authors":"Aimei Kang, XiuLi Wu","doi":"10.2196/59442","DOIUrl":"10.2196/59442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, the rates at which the aging population and the prevalence of chronic diseases are increasing are substantial. With declining birth rates and a growing percentage of older individuals, the demand for nursing staff is steadily rising. However, the shortage of nursing personnel has been a long-standing issue. In recent years, numerous researchers have advocated for the implementation of nursing robots as a substitute for traditional human labor.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study analyzes hospital visitors' attitudes and priorities regarding the functional areas of artificial intelligence (AI) nursing robots based on the Kano model. Building on this analysis, recommendations are provided for the functional optimization of AI nursing robots, aiming to facilitate their adoption in the nursing field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a random sampling method, 457 hospital visitors were surveyed between December 2023 and March 2024 to compare the differences in demand for AI nursing robot functionalities among the visitors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A comparative analysis of the Kano attribute quadrant diagrams showed that visitors seeking hospitalization prioritized functional aspects that enhance medical activities. In contrast, visitors attending outpatient examinations focused more on functional points that assist in medical treatment. Additionally, visitors whose purpose was companionship and care emphasized functional aspects that offer psychological and life support to patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI nursing robots serve various functional areas and cater to diverse audience groups. In the future, it is essential to thoroughly consider users' functional needs and implement targeted functional developments to maximize the effectiveness of AI nursing robots.</p>","PeriodicalId":73556,"journal":{"name":"JMIR nursing","volume":"7 ","pages":"e59442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculating Optimal Patient to Nursing Capacity: Comparative Analysis of Traditional and New Methods.","authors":"Anna Ware, Terri Blumke, Peter Hoover, David Arreola","doi":"10.2196/59619","DOIUrl":"10.2196/59619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optimal nurse staffing levels have been shown to impact patients' prognoses and safety, as well as staff burnout. The predominant method for calculating staffing levels has been patient-to-nurse (P/N) ratios and nursing hours per patient day. However, both methods fall short of addressing the dynamic nature of staffing needs that often fluctuate throughout the day as patients' clinical status changes and new patients are admitted or discharged from the unit.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this evaluation, the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS) piloted a new dynamic bed count calculation in an effort to target optimal staffing levels every hour to provide greater temporal resolution on nurse staffing levels within the Veterans Health Administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The dynamic bed count uses elements from both the nursing hours per patient day and P/N ratio to calculate current and target staffing levels, every hour, while balancing across nurse types (registered nurses to nurse assistants) to provide improved temporal insight into staff allocation. The dynamic bed count was compared with traditional P/N ratio methods of calculating patient capacity at the VAPAHCS, to assess optimal patient capacity within their acute care ward from January 1, 2023, through May 25, 2023. Descriptive statistics summarized patient capacity variables across the intensive care unit (ICU), medical-surgical ICU, and 3 acute care units. Student t tests (2-tailed) were used to analyze differences between patient capacity measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hourly analysis of patient capacity information displayed how the dynamic bed count provided improved temporal resolution on patient capacity. Comparing the dynamic bed count to the P/N ratio, we found the patient capacity, as determined by the P/N ratio, was, on average, higher than that of the dynamic bed count across VAPAHCS acute care units and the medical-surgical ICU (P<.001). For example, in acute care unit 3C, the average dynamic bed count was 21.6 (SD 4.2) compared with a P/N ratio of 28.6 (SD 3.2). This suggests that calculating patient capacity using P/N ratios alone could lead to units taking on more patients than what the dynamic bed count suggests the unit can optimally handle.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a new patient capacity calculation, the dynamic bed count provided additional details and timely information about clinical staffing levels, patient acuity, and patient turnover. Implementing this calculation into the management process has the potential to empower departments to further optimize staffing and patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":73556,"journal":{"name":"JMIR nursing","volume":"7 ","pages":"e59619"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142712049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote Patient Monitoring at Home in Patients With COVID-19: Narrative Review.","authors":"Justien Cornelis, Wendy Christiaens, Christophe de Meester, Patriek Mistiaen","doi":"10.2196/44580","DOIUrl":"10.2196/44580","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;During the pandemic, health care providers implemented remote patient monitoring (RPM) for patients experiencing COVID-19. RPM is an interaction between health care professionals and patients who are in different locations, in which certain patient functioning parameters are assessed and followed up for a certain duration of time. The implementation of RPM in these patients aimed to reduce the strain on hospitals and primary care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;With this literature review, we aim to describe the characteristics of RPM interventions, report on patients with COVID-19 receiving RPM, and provide an overview of outcome variables such as length of stay (LOS), hospital readmission, and mortality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A combination of different searches in several database types (traditional databases, trial registers, daily [Google] searches, and daily PubMed alerts) was run daily from March 2020 to December 2021. A search update for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed in April 2022.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The initial search yielded more than 4448 articles (not including daily searches). After deduplication and assessment for eligibility, 241 articles were retained describing 164 telemonitoring studies from 160 centers. None of the 164 studies covering 248,431 patients reported on the presence of a randomized control group. Studies described a \"prehosp\" group (96 studies) with patients who had a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and who were not hospitalized but closely monitored at home or a \"posthosp\" group (32 studies) with patients who were monitored at home after hospitalization for COVID-19. Moreover, 34 studies described both groups, and in 2 studies, the description was unclear. In the prehosp and posthosp groups, there were large variations in the number of emergency department (ED) visits (0%-36% and 0%-16%, respectively) and no convincing evidence that RPM leads to less or more ED visits or hospital readmissions (0%-30% and 0%-22%, respectively). Mortality was generally low, and there was weak to no evidence that RPM is associated with lower mortality. Moreover, there was no evidence that RPM shortens previous LOS. A literature update identified 3 small-scale RCTs, which could not demonstrate statistically significant differences in these outcomes. Most papers claimed savings; however, the scientific base for these claims was doubtful. The overall patient experiences with RPM were positive, as patients felt more reassured, although many patients declined RPM for several reasons (eg, technological embarrassment, digital literacy).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Based on these results, there is no convincing evidence that RPM in COVID-19 patients avoids ED visits or hospital readmissions and shortens LOS or reduces mortality. On the other hand, there is no evidence that RPM has adverse outcomes. Further research should focus on developing, impleme","PeriodicalId":73556,"journal":{"name":"JMIR nursing","volume":" ","pages":"e44580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11615560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Health Communication Strategies in Nursing: A Mixed Methods Study of Internet, mHealth, and Social Media Versus Traditional Methods.","authors":"Mariwan Qadir Hamarash, Radhwan Ibrahim, Marghoob Hussein Yaas, Mohammed Faris Abdulghani, Osama Al Mushhadany","doi":"10.2196/55744","DOIUrl":"10.2196/55744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective communication is vital in health care, especially for nursing students who are the future of health care delivery. In Iraq's nursing education landscape, characterized by challenges such as resource constraints and infrastructural limitations, understanding communication modalities is crucial.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This mixed methods study conducted in 2 nursing colleges aims to explore and compare the effectiveness of health communication on the web, through mobile health (mHealth) applications, and via social media among nursing students in Iraq. The research addresses a gap in understanding communication modalities specific to Iraq and explores the perspectives, experiences, and challenges faced by nursing students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample (n=30), and a structured survey was distributed to a larger sample (n=300) representing diverse educational programs. The study used a nuanced approach to gather insights into the preferences and usage patterns of nursing students regarding communication modalities. The study was conducted between January 12, 2023, and May 5, 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Qualitative findings highlighted nursing students' reliance on the web for educational materials, the significant role of mHealth applications in clinical skill development, and the emergence of social media platforms as community-building tools. Quantitative results revealed high-frequency web use (276/300, 92%) for educational purposes, regular mHealth application usage (204/300, 68%) in clinical settings, and active engagement on social media platforms (240/300, 80%). Traditional methods such as face-to-face interactions (216/300, 72%) and practical experiences (255/300, 85%) were preferred for developing essential skills.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study underscores nursing students' preference for an integrated approach, recognizing the complementary strengths of traditional and digital methods. Challenges include concerns about information accuracy and ethical considerations in digital spaces. The findings emphasize the need for curriculum adjustments that seamlessly integrate diverse communication modalities to create a dynamic learning environment. Educators play a crucial role in shaping this integration, emphasizing the enduring value of face-to-face interactions and practical experiences while harnessing the benefits of digital resources. Clear guidelines on professional behavior online are essential. Overall, the study expands the understanding of communication modalities among nursing students in Iraq and provides valuable insights for health care education stakeholders globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":73556,"journal":{"name":"JMIR nursing","volume":"7 ","pages":"e55744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11611782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}