JEM reports最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided interscalene block for the reduction of luxatio erecta in a high-risk patient: A case report","authors":"Alexandra Over,&nbsp;Tyler Nghiem,&nbsp;Pamela Santivanez,&nbsp;Amin Mohamadi,&nbsp;Josh Greenstein,&nbsp;Barry Hahn,&nbsp;William Caputo","doi":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inferior glenohumeral dislocation (IGD), or luxatio erecta humeri, is a rare shoulder dislocation, accounting for 0.5 % of all cases. It often results from hyperabduction of the arm, causing the humeral head to dislocate inferiorly. IGD is associated with neurovascular complications, particularly in elderly patients with comorbidities. Traditional management involves procedural sedation, which may be risky in high-risk patients. Ultrasound-guided interscalene nerve blocks offer a safer alternative by providing localized pain control without sedation.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>We report the case of an 85-year-old male with multiple comorbidities who presented with IGD after a fall. Given the patient's risks, an ultrasound-guided interscalene block was used for reduction. Reduction was achieved using the traction-countertraction method, confirmed by post-reduction radiographs. The patient experienced no immediate complications, and at follow-up, showed no signs of re-dislocation or neurological deficits.<strong>Why should an emergency physician be aware of this?</strong> Ultrasound-guided interscalene nerve blocks provide a safe and effective alternative to procedural sedation for IGD reduction, especially in high-risk patients. This approach minimizes opioid use, improves outcomes, and reduces emergency department resource utilization. Future guidelines should consider incorporating this technique for similar cases, with further studies needed to evaluate long-term outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73546,"journal":{"name":"JEM reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric ultrasound-guided noninvasive ventilation for altered hypertensive cardiogenic pulmonary edema: A case report","authors":"Sasikumar Mahalingam ,&nbsp;Gunaseelan Rajendran ,&nbsp;Anitha Ramkumar ,&nbsp;Kumaresh Pillur Tamilarasu ,&nbsp;Aswin Kumaran ,&nbsp;Surendar Ravipragasam ,&nbsp;Tharun kumar Ganesan ,&nbsp;Shivakumar Somannavar ,&nbsp;Vijayalakshmi Padmanaban ,&nbsp;Vinay Yareshimi ,&nbsp;Nedurumalli Naga Vaishnavi ,&nbsp;Nirmala Subbamanda Dinesh","doi":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gastric ultrasound is mainly used in the preoperative evaluation of patients for aspiration risk assessment. This is accomplished by assessing the gastric antrum, which can be used to calculate the total gastric volume (TGV). We extrapolated this concept to our emergency department to manage cardiogenic pulmonary edema.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>Here, we report a case of a 65-year-old man with comorbidities, namely, hypertension and coronary artery disease, who presented to the emergency department with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) and had a drop in sensorium after a few minutes of hospital arrival, for whom we resorted to gastric ultrasound-guided noninvasive ventilation (G-NIV) under a sedation cover rather than intubation. We achieved excellent outcomes, and the patient was discharged healthy.</div></div><div><h3>Why should an emergency physician be aware of this?</h3><div>Although noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a class 1 indication for ACPE, its role may be limited in altered sensorium or irritable patients. Ideally, these patients should be intubated and mechanically ventilated. However, in resource-limited settings where ventilators are not available, G-NIVs can be used. However, another advantage of G-NIV is that intubation-related complications can be avoided, resulting in early discharge and less morbidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73546,"journal":{"name":"JEM reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound for Pupillary Assessment - A Systematic Review","authors":"Gunaseelan Rajendran ,&nbsp;Sasikumar Mahalingam ,&nbsp;Anitha Ramkumar ,&nbsp;Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy ,&nbsp;P.T. Kumaresh ,&nbsp;Vijayanthi Vijayan ,&nbsp;Rajkumar Elanjaeran ,&nbsp;Rahini Kannan ,&nbsp;Sathya Prakasam ,&nbsp;Anas Salih","doi":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The conventional clinical assessment of pupils &amp; pupillometers has shown very poor interrater reliability. As a promising alternative, bedside ultrasound has emerged for pupillary assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Thus, we conducted a systematic review to assess ultrasound's utility and comparative effectiveness in pupillary assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This systematic review involved searching three major databases—PubMed, Embase, and Scopus—from inception to April 2024, using predefined search terms. Inclusion criteria comprised adult patients over 18 years undergoing ultrasound for pupillary assessment, with comparison against standard methods such as pupillometry or clinical examination. Screening and data extraction were independently conducted by two investigators (GR, SM), with data appraisal utilizing the QUADAS-2 Risk of Bias assessment tool (CRD42024540402).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 556 identified studies, seven met inclusion criteria, encompassing 865 patients and 1141 ultrasonographic pupillary assessments. Six of these studies reported a favourable correlation or association between ultrasound and pupillometer or clinical examination. Significant findings included a substantial correlation between ultrasound and infrared video pupillometry by Farina et al. (R = 0.831, p &lt; 0.01), by Fu et al. (Bland-Altman agreement −0.069) &amp; Modi et al. (Interclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.93). Diagnostic accuracy for identifying Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD) had high sensitivity and specificity reported by Ramamoorthy et al. and Schmidt et al.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our systematic review demonstrates a significant correlation/association between ultrasound and pupillometer or clinical examination for pupillary assessment. However, current evidence remains limited, and further high-quality research is needed before recommending routine use or claiming superiority over pupillometry or standard clinical assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73546,"journal":{"name":"JEM reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between enroller demographics and participant enrollment into an emergency department-based cancer prevention trial","authors":"Ivana-Re Baldie,&nbsp;Beau Abar,&nbsp;Brenda Hernandez-Romero,&nbsp;Nancy Wood,&nbsp;Adrienne Morgan,&nbsp;David Adler","doi":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inadequate diversity among clinical trial participants threatens external validity. Potential explanations for disparities in participation include staff bias, lack of access to studies, and racial discordance between staff and patients.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examined associations between patient and enroller demographics and enrollment into a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on cancer screening among Emergency Department (ED) patients. Enrollment through the ED ensures access to trials across a diverse patient population, and the dataset analyzed is of sufficient magnitude and diversity (both in enrollers and patients) to provide novel evaluation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Research enrollers identified potentially eligible ED patients for enrollment using the electronic health record, approached patients and described the RCT, and attempted to enroll them into the study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 4419 patient-enroller encounters were documented. Enrollment rates were similar across enroller gender (47 % when enroller was a woman; 48 % when enroller was a man), though there was mild variability across enroller race (50 % when enroller was White; 45 % when enroller was Asian; 44 % when enroller was Black). Concordance between patient and enroller race was not tied to enrollment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Conducting research in diverse settings like the ED can mitigate access barriers, as can enroller cultural competency training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73546,"journal":{"name":"JEM reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dermal filler for penile augmentation Masquerading as abscesses on ultrasound: A case report","authors":"Mary E. Velagapudi,&nbsp;Adrienne Malik,&nbsp;Bradley S. Jackson","doi":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Dermal fillers have gained popularity over the years for cosmetic procedures including penile augmentation. With the increasing use of cosmetic enhancement dermal fillers, it is important to understand how they appear when imaged with ultrasound.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>A 32-year-old male presented for penile pain, swelling, and erythema with a fever and leukocytosis after receiving a polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) filler 10 days prior in Mexico. Soft tissue point of care ultrasound was concerning for cellulitis versus abscess.</div></div><div><h3>Why should an emergency physician be aware of this?</h3><div>Penile dermal fillers can present with post-procedure complications including infections such as cellulitis or abscess. However, we found that particulate debris and coarse-grain heterogenous echogenicity of PMMA fillers are an abscess mimic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73546,"journal":{"name":"JEM reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple cranial nerve palsies as a rare manifestation of Lyme disease: A case report","authors":"Spencer Prete ,&nbsp;Calvin S. Jackson ,&nbsp;Erin L. Simon","doi":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lyme disease is a common illness transmitted by ticks and caused by <em>Borrelia</em> bacteria. It can lead to a range of neurological symptoms known collectively as neuroborreliosis. Facial nerve palsy (CN VII) is the most common cranial nerve deficit in Lyme disease, and involvement of multiple cranial nerves is rare.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>A 74-year-old male with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency department (ED) with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, headache, right-sided facial droop, and diplopia. The patient denied fever, rash, neck rigidity, or extremity deficits. On examination, he exhibited right-sided facial paralysis involving the nasolabial fold, lip, eyebrow, forehead, and eyelid, alongside abducens nerve palsy (CN VI). A CT scan of the head and neck did not reveal any acute processes. The patient's differential diagnosis included posterior fossa lesion, vertebral artery dissection, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Given the lack a of clear etiology and the patient's presentation in an endemic area, a Lyme disease panel was ordered, which returned positive. The patient was diagnosed with neuroborreliosis and treated with intravenous ceftriaxone.</div></div><div><h3>Why should an emergency physician be aware of this?</h3><div>An emergency physician should consider Lyme disease in their differential diagnosis for patients presenting with cranial nerve palsies after normal imaging studies. Ordering Lyme laboratory testing and initiating treatment in the ED can decrease morbidity and mortality. It is essential to distinguish between Lyme disease and Bell's palsy in patients presenting with a facial cranial nerve palsy as treatment for Lyme disease facial palsies includes antibiotics and avoidance of steroids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73546,"journal":{"name":"JEM reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated obturator hip dislocation: A case report and literature review","authors":"Yassine Batou ,&nbsp;Amine El Farhaoui ,&nbsp;Kamal Benalia ,&nbsp;Hamza Margoum ,&nbsp;Adnane Lachkar ,&nbsp;Najib abdeljaouad ,&nbsp;Hicham Yacoubi","doi":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obturator dislocation of the hip is an uncommon condition, rarely isolated because it is often associated with a fracture of the acetabulum or the femoral head. It is easy to diagnose because of the abnormal limb positioning it causes, and radiography confirms the diagnosis. The increased risk of complications, particularly avascular necrosis of the femoral head, makes it an emergency for reduction, but the time frame for reduction remains open to debate.</div></div><div><h3>Case Report</h3><div>We report the case of an isolated post-traumatic anteroinferior (obturator) dislocation of the hip in a young man and its clinical, radiological and follow up aspects.</div></div><div><h3>Why should an emergency physician be aware of this</h3><div>Understanding the clinical, radiological, and therapeutic aspects of an obturator hip dislocation is crucial for an emergency physician, as this condition, although rare, can be serious. It typically results from a violent trauma that may conceal life-threatening injuries and can lead to long-term disabling; complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73546,"journal":{"name":"JEM reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation of prediction tool to guide further workup of febrile children in the emergency department under consideration for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children","authors":"Lauren Chavanne ,&nbsp;Arthur Chang ,&nbsp;Shawnice Kraeber ,&nbsp;Michelle Penque ,&nbsp;Mark D. Hicar","doi":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a post-infectious complication of COVID-19 in children. Its workup often necessitates extensive laboratory investigations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This project sought to provide pediatric acute care providers with a data-based tool to guide further decision-making during initial workups for children under consideration for MIS-C.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We compared documented physical findings and laboratory data (complete blood counts, inflammatory markers, and electrolytes) from MIS-C cases (n = 46) to control data extracted from a pre-pandemic database of febrile children (n = 70). Significant findings on Fisher's exact test and independent t-tests were used to develop a scoring model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess this scoring system using two different cohorts of MIS-C.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From initial comparative analysis, a score (≥3) utilizing levels of CRP, lymphocytes, platelets, and total white blood cells was developed. ROC curve analysis demonstrated excellent parameters, with overall sensitivity of 97.83 %. In children &lt;9 years old, the score had a sensitivity of 96.15 % and in ≥9 years old, the score demonstrated a sensitivity of 100.00 %. We validated the score on a geographically disparate cohort by showing a sensitivity of 88.37 % of all children and 94.74 % in children ≥2 years of age.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Use of this scoring system based on readily available laboratory values can eliminate many febrile children from consideration of MIS-C allowing front-line providers to focus more extensive laboratory evaluations and extended observation on fewer children with a higher likelihood of having MIS-C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73546,"journal":{"name":"JEM reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of source control in the treatment of infections in elderly patients aged 80 and above","authors":"Tatsuro Sakai ,&nbsp;Youichi Yanagawa ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Ito","doi":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is currently no research in super-elderly patients with source of infections that require invasive treatment</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We retrospectively examined the impact on outcomes of performing or not performing such procedures in super-elderly patients with infection sources</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The subjects were patients aged 80 years or older who were transported by ambulance to Numazu City Hospital and diagnosed with \"infections requiring source control\" in the emergency department during the six-year period. Infections requiring source control were generally defined as infections for which procedures such as drainage, debridement, or surgical resection to physically reduce the bacterial load at the source were necessary</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 201 patients were enrolled. The average age was 87.0 years. There were 175 cases where procedures were performed, and 24 cases (11.9 %) resulted in death. Hepatobiliary diseases were the most common, accounting for 153 cases, followed by renal infections with 25 cases. Compared to the surviving group, the fatal group had a statistically significantly lower rate of source control, shorter hospital stays, and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores. Among them, only source control was identified as an independent factor related to survival by multivariate analysis</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests that performing source control in patients, even those aged 80 years and older, might increase survival rates</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73546,"journal":{"name":"JEM reports","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rescuing the heart: HIET in undifferentiated shock from beta-blocker and dapagliflozin overdose in acute coronary syndrome","authors":"Arihant Jain ,&nbsp;Swetha Ramesh ,&nbsp;Shruti Singh ,&nbsp;Anas Mohammed Muthanikkatt ,&nbsp;N. Balamurugan","doi":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemrpt.2025.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A 60-year-old female with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and diabetes mellitus presented with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) complicated by severe ventricular tachyarrhythmia after ingesting an excessive dose of metoprolol (250 mg) and dapagliflozin (100 mg). Despite metoprolol's dose being below traditional toxic thresholds, chronic beta-blocker therapy likely amplified its negative inotropic effects, leading to refractory hypotension overdose of metoprolol was not the cause of V tach, rather it was because of underlying ACS. Initial resuscitation with synchronized cardioversion and noradrenaline infusion failed to stabilize her blood pressure. High-Dose Insulin Euglycemia Therapy (HIET) was initiated as a salvage measure, resulting in significant hemodynamic improvement within 2–3 hours, increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on repeat echocardiography, and blood pressure stabilization.</div></div><div><h3>Case-report</h3><div>The patient presented with severe ventricular tachyarrhythmia and persistent hypotension following an overdose of metoprolol and dapagliflozin. Despite initial treatments, her condition did not improve. HIET was initiated and led to rapid hemodynamic stabilization and improved LVEF within a few hours. Lidocaine infusion was added to manage the prolonged QT interval and suppress further arrhythmias. Her condition gradually improved over the following days, with resolution of hypotension and arrhythmias. She was discharged after four days of inpatient care.</div></div><div><h3>Why should an emergency physician be aware of this ?</h3><div>This case highlights that chronic beta-blocker use can lead to refractory hypotension even at non-toxic overdose levels and demonstrates the efficacy of HIET as a critical, lifesaving intervention for shock and cardiac recovery in overdose of B- blocker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73546,"journal":{"name":"JEM reports","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}