JCSM clinical reports最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Systemic Inflammation in Cancer-Associated Muscle Wasting and Rationale for Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention","authors":"Calvin L. Cole,&nbsp;Ian R. Kleckner,&nbsp;Aminah Jatoi,&nbsp;Edward M. Schwarz,&nbsp;Richard F. Dunne","doi":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.65","DOIUrl":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.65","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progressive skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia involves a process of dysregulated protein synthesis and breakdown. This catabolism may be the result of mal-nutrition, and an upregulation of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP), which can subsequently increase myostatin and activin A release. The skeletal muscle wasting associated with cancer cachexia is clinically significant, it can contribute to treatment toxicity or the premature discontinuation of treatments resulting in increases in morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is a need for further investigation into the pathophysiology of muscle wasting in cancer cachexia to develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Several studies have identified a central role for chronic-systemic inflammation in initiating and perpetuating muscle wasting in patients with cancer. Interestingly, while exercise has shown efficacy in improving muscle quality, only recently have investigators begun to assess the impact that exercise has on chronic-systemic inflammation. To put this new information into context with established paradigms, here we review several biological pathways (e.g. dysfunctional inflammatory response, hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis, and increased myostatin/activin A activity) that may be responsible for the muscle wasting in patients with cancer. Additionally, we discuss the potential impact that exercise has on these pathways in the treatment of cancer-related muscle wasting. Exercise is an attractive intervention for muscle wasting in this population, partially because it disrupts chronic-systemic inflammation mediated catabolism. Most importantly, exercise is a potent stimulator of muscle synthesis, and therefore this therapy may reverse muscle damage caused by cancer cachexia.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"3 2","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.65","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44600488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Systemic Inflammation in Cancer-Associated Muscle Wasting and Rationale for Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention.","authors":"Calvin L Cole,&nbsp;Ian R Kleckner,&nbsp;Aminah Jatoi,&nbsp;Edward M Schwarz,&nbsp;Richard F Dunne","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Progressive skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia involves a process of dysregulated protein synthesis and breakdown. This catabolism may be the result of mal-nutrition, and an upregulation of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP), which can subsequently increase myostatin and activin A release. The skeletal muscle wasting associated with cancer cachexia is clinically significant, it can contribute to treatment toxicity or the premature discontinuation of treatments resulting in increases in morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is a need for further investigation into the pathophysiology of muscle wasting in cancer cachexia to develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Several studies have identified a central role for chronic-systemic inflammation in initiating and perpetuating muscle wasting in patients with cancer. Interestingly, while exercise has shown efficacy in improving muscle quality, only recently have investigators begun to assess the impact that exercise has on chronic-systemic inflammation. To put this new information into context with established paradigms, here we review several biological pathways (e.g. dysfunctional inflammatory response, hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis, and increased myostatin/activin A activity) that may be responsible for the muscle wasting in patients with cancer. Additionally, we discuss the potential impact that exercise has on these pathways in the treatment of cancer-related muscle wasting. Exercise is an attractive intervention for muscle wasting in this population, partially because it disrupts chronic-systemic inflammation mediated catabolism. Most importantly, exercise is a potent stimulator of muscle synthesis, and therefore this therapy may reverse muscle damage caused by cancer cachexia.</p>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4c/b2/nihms-1029166.PMC6534125.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37277801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body composition skeletal muscle analysis in cancer cachexia studies: Is there a place for 3T MRI analysis?","authors":"Elaine S Rogers,&nbsp;William Ormiston,&nbsp;Rachel Heron,&nbsp;Beau Pontré,&nbsp;Roderick MacLeod,&nbsp;Anthony Doyle","doi":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.59","DOIUrl":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.59","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer cachexia is a condition often seen in end stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients. Recent developments include the use of pharmaceutical agents and/or exercise to induce stability/hypertrophy of muscle volume. This requires accurate assessment of the change in both quantity and quality of the muscle during cancer cachexia clinical studies. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is appropriately placed to address both of these factors. The present study aimed to investigate total quadriceps muscle volume change by 3T MRI within a cancer cachexia clinical study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>A</b>uckland's <b>C</b>ancer <b>C</b>achexia <b>e</b>valuating <b>R</b>esistance <b>T</b>raining (<b>ACCeRT</b>) study is a randomised controlled feasibility study investigating eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (celecoxib) (Arm A) versus EPA, COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib), Progressive Resistance Training (PRT) plus essential amino acids (EAAs) high in leucine (Arm B) in NSCLC cachectic patients. All participants underwent 3T MRI scanning at baseline and at last or end of trial (EOT) visit. Analysis showed a mean total quadriceps muscle volume percentage change from baseline to EOT of +12.5% (Arm A), compared with −3% (Arm B). There was a difference in muscle volume between genders. Arm B participant data showed a percentage change of +4.2% within females (n=2) compared with −10.2% (n=2) within males at EOT visit. All EOT results suggests the use of EPA and celecoxib +/- PRT and EAAs could potentially preserve muscle volume loss during refractory cachexia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ACCeRT is the first study to utilise 3T MRI total quadriceps muscle volume within a cancer cachexia study, along with the first in an end-stage/refractory cachexia population. These results can be used for baseline/reference for future cancer cachexia studies targeting the anabolic muscle pathways in end-stage/refractory cachexia patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"3 2","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41335587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pretiree lifestyles in relation to musculoskeletal health: cross-sectional data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study","authors":"Julie A. Pasco,&nbsp;Kara L Holloway-Kew,&nbsp;Natalie K Hyde,&nbsp;Monica C Tembo,&nbsp;Pamela G Rufus,&nbsp;Sophia X Sui,&nbsp;Michael Berk,&nbsp;Mark A Kotowicz","doi":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.72","DOIUrl":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.72","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>What happens in the early-elderly ‘pretiree’ period potentially influences the divergent paths of healthy or unhealthy ageing. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to profile musculoskeletal health and lifestyle behaviours for men and women in their late-fifties and sixties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For 482 participants from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, we measured DXA-derived relative appendicular lean mass (rALM), bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck and percentage body fat mass (%BF). Low-rALM and low-BMD referred to sex-specific T-scores&lt;-1.0. Associations between exposures and low-rALM and/or low-BMD were explored using multivariable logistic regression. Three-quarters of participants had high %BF, 98(20.3%) had low-rALM, 202(41.9%) had low-BMD and 63(13.1%) had both low-rALM and low-BMD. Eight-two (17.0%) were very active and one-third participated in sports/recreational activities. Most [n=416(87.8%)] met the recommended daily intake (RDI) for protein; only 119(25.1%) met the RDI for calcium. Less than 10% smoked and one-third exceeded recommended alcohol intakes. Independent of age, weight and sex, greater %BF and sedentary behaviour increased the likelihood of low-rALM; high-alcohol consumption increased the likelihood of low-BMD; and greater %BF increased the likelihood of low-rALM and low-BMD combined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One-half of participants had rALM and BMD in the normal range. Only a few were involved in resistance-training or weight-bearing exercise, despite having the capacity to be physically active. As sedentary lifestyles, excessive adiposity and high alcohol use were associated with low-rALM and/or low-BMD, we propose that these adverse factors be potential targets among pretirees to minimise their risk of entering old age with poor musculoskeletal health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"3 2","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.72","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45450595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease – a Complex Issue","authors":"Adrian D Slee,&nbsp;Joanne Reid","doi":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.63","DOIUrl":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.63","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global health burden and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In particular, wasting is highly prevalent in later stages of the illness with muscle loss being a common problem. The aetiology and progression of this wasting is complex and multiple states have been identified linked to wasting in CKD. These include: ‘malnutrition’, ‘disease-related malnutrition’, ‘protein-energy wasting’, ‘cachexia’, ‘sarcopenia’, ‘frailty’ and ‘muscle wasting‘. The purpose of this paper is to review these terms in the context of CKD. Common features include weight loss, loss of muscle mass and muscle function principally driven by CKD disease specific factors and inflammatory mediators. Disease-related malnutrition would appear to be a more appropriate term for CKD than malnutrition as it take in to consideration disease specific factors such as inflammation for example. Frailty is commonly associated with age-related decline in physiological function. Development of novel screening tools measuring across multiple domains of nutritional status, muscle and physical function may be useful in CKD. Research into potential treatments are currently underway with focus on multi-modal therapies including nutrition, resistance training and anabolic drugs such as myostatin blockade and selective androgen receptor modulators. A better understanding of different states and terms may help guide assessment and treatment opportunities for patients.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"3 2","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.63","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67538033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance Training Frequency Confers Greater Muscle Quality in Aged Individuals: A Brief NHANES Report","authors":"Marshall A. Naimo,&nbsp;Ja K. Gu,&nbsp;Christa Lilly,&nbsp;George A. Kelley,&nbsp;Brent A. Baker","doi":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.64","DOIUrl":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.64","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, results in a loss of strength and functional capacity, which subsequently increases the risk of disease, disability frailty, and all-cause mortality. Skeletal muscle quality (MQ), i.e., strength per unit muscle mass, is the ability of muscle to perform its functions, and evidence indicates it is a more influential variable underlying age-related declines in muscle function than losses in muscle mass. Resistance training (RT) is known for enhancing skeletal MQ, improving health span, and reducing mortality. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined the relationship between RT frequency and MQ in an aged population. Thus, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that greater MQ in older individuals is associated with RT frequency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Utilizing data from 2,391 older adults in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES; 1999–2002), a secondary analysis of data was performed to see if an association existed between RT frequency and MQ in persons aged 55 years and older. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with three different models. Individuals were stratified into two groups based on how many days per week they performed RT: Insufficient (i.e., &lt; two days per week) or sufficient (≥ two days per week). Muscle quality was calculated by taking the average peak force (Newtons) obtained from an isokinetic dynamometer and dividing it by lean mass, excluding bone mineral content (grams), obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The alpha level was set at &lt;0.05. For persons aged 55 and over, a statistically significant association was found between sufficient RT and greater MQ in both unadjusted as well as adjusted models that accounted for various demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics (p&lt;0.05 for all). However, when limited to those 65 and older, no statistically significant associations were observed between sufficient RT and greater MQ (p≥0.05 for all). When partitioned according to those 55 to 64 years of age and those 55 to 79 years, a statistically significant association was again observed (p&lt;0.05 for all). No statistically significant associations were observed for individuals 65–79 years of age or those 80 years of age and older (p≥0.05 for all).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sufficient amounts of RT are associated with greater MQ in selected older individuals. A need exists for future randomized controlled trials that examine the dose-response relationship between resistance training and MQ in ","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"3 2","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.64","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43092755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia, Relative Sarcopenia and Excess Adiposity in Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Susan L Ziolkowski,&nbsp;Jin Long,&nbsp;Joshua F Baker MD,&nbsp;Julia F Simard,&nbsp;Glenn M Chertow,&nbsp;Mary B Leonard","doi":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i1.55","DOIUrl":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i1.55","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conventional definitions of sarcopenia based on lean mass fail to capture low lean mass relative to fat mass, i.e., relative sarcopenia. Unlike percent body fat (%BF) and Quételet's (body mass) index (BMI, kg/m²), definitions of obesity based on fat mass index (FMI, kg/m²) are not confounded by lean mass. The objective is to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia, relative sarcopenia, and obesity in CKD, and determine if CKD is associated with relative sarcopenia and obesity, independent of demographics and comorbidities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DXA-derived appendicular lean mass index (ALMI, kg/m²) and FMI were assessed in 13,980 NHANES participants. ALMI, FMI, and ALMI relative to FMI (ALMI _FMI) were expressed as sex- and race/ethnicity-specific standard deviation scores compared with young adults (T-scores) and by age (Z-scores). Sarcopenia was defined as ALMI T-score &lt; −2, relative sarcopenia as ALMI _FMI T-score &lt; −2, and low lean mass relative to fat mass for age as ALMI _FMI Z-score &lt; −1. Obesity was defined using conventional BMI and %BF cutpoints and as sex- and race/ethnicity-specific FMI cutpoints. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using creatinine- (eGFR_Cr) and cystatin C- (eGFR_Cys). The prevalence of relative sarcopenia was higher than the prevalence of sarcopenia, especially in CKD stages 3b and 4 using eGFR_Cr; these CKD stages were associated with the highest FMI. CKD stage was independently associated with low ALMI _FMI for age using eGFR_Cys. BMI underestimated and %BF overestimated the prevalence of obesity compared with FMI. CKD was not independently associated with obesity by FMI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In CKD, conventional definitions of sarcopenia underestimate muscle deficits and %BF overestimates the prevalence of obesity. CKD is independently associated with relative sarcopenia, but not excess adiposity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i1.55","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44457672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between sarcopenia and the serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio in Japanese rural community-dwelling older adults","authors":"Hiroshi Kusunoki,&nbsp;Shotaro Tsuji,&nbsp;Yosuke Wada,&nbsp;Mayuka Fukai,&nbsp;Koutatsu Nagai,&nbsp;Masako Itoh,&nbsp;Kyoko Sano,&nbsp;Kayoko Tamaki,&nbsp;Yoshinori Ohta,&nbsp;Manabu Amano,&nbsp;Hatsuo Maeda,&nbsp;Yoko Hasegawa,&nbsp;Hiromitsu Kishimoto,&nbsp;Soji Shimomura,&nbsp;Hiroo Yoshikawa,&nbsp;Ken Shinmura","doi":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i1.57","DOIUrl":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i1.57","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in skeletal muscle volume and function, is associated with negative clinical and socioeconomic outcomes in elderly people. Clinical biomarkers to diagnose sarcopenia that can be quantified in a reliable, and cost- effective manner, are needed. We investigated whether the creatinine (Cr) /cystatin C (CysC) ratio is correlated with muscle volume and physical function in Japanese community-dwelling elderly subjects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study included 213 men aged 73.2±6.2 years and 464 women aged 72.4±5.5 years from a rural area in the Hyogo prefecture of Japan. To evaluate whether the Cr/CysC ratio is correlated with sarcopenia criteria in elderly individuals without severe renal impairment, we excluded subjects with estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;45.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of sarcopenia diagnosed according to the AWGS criteria was 2.8% in men and 3.4% in women. The Cr/CysC ratio correlated with skeletal mass index (r = 0.49, p &lt;0.0001), skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.53, p &lt;0.0001), grip power (r = 0.59, p &lt;0.0001), knee extension muscle strength (r = 0.49, p &lt;0.0001), normal gait speed (r = 0.18, p &lt;0.0001), and maximal gait speed (r = 0.32, p &lt;0.0001). A negative correlation between the Cr/CysC ratio and, body fat mass (r = −0.20, p &lt;0.0001) and percentage of body fat mass (r = −0.39, p &lt;0.0001) was observed. In a multiple regression analysis, Cr/CysC was also found to be significantly positively correlated with each component of the sarcopenia criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Even in elderly individuals without severe renal impairment, the Cr/CysC ratio was positively correlated with muscle volume and physical function and negatively correlated with body fat mass. Therefore, the Cr/CysC ratio might be a useful biomarker to predict sarcopenia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i1.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43519988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between hand grip strength and peak VO2 in community-dwelling elderly outpatients","authors":"Masamitsu Sugie MD,&nbsp;Kazumasa Harada MD,&nbsp;Tetsuya Takahashi PhD,&nbsp;Marina Nara MSc,&nbsp;Joji Ishikawa MD,&nbsp;Jun Tanaka MD,&nbsp;Teruyuki Koyama MD,&nbsp;Hajime Fujimoto MD,&nbsp;Shuichi Obuchi PhD,&nbsp;Shunei Kyo MD,&nbsp;Hideki Ito MD","doi":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i1.48","DOIUrl":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i1.48","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hand grip strength and peak oxygen uptake (VO₂) are important components of frailty. However, the relationship between these two variables among community-dwelling elderly people is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate this relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were 190 Japanese community-dwelling elderly outpatients (61 men and 129 women, mean age 78.0 years). Hand grip strength of participants' was measured using a Smedley-type hand dynamometer. Peak VO₂ levels were assessed with a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and usual walking speed were assessed physiologically and physically. Sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1.9.2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were significant correlations between hand grip strength and age (r = −0.22), peak VO₂ (r = 0.40), SMI (r = 0.51), and usual walking speed (r = 0.29). There were significant differences in age, peak VO₂ and SMI after participants were divided into normal and low hand grip strength groups according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia threshold, whether both sexes were combined or considered separately. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that peak VO₂, SMI and age were independent determinants of hand grip strength after adjusting for potential confounders (Exp(B) = 0.871; 0.475; 1.065). Longitudinal analysis after 6 months of exercise training showed the percentage of change in hand grip strength and peak VO₂ were correlated positively (r = 0.22) for 92 participants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peak VO₂ is independently associated with hand grip strength among community-dwelling elderly outpatients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i1.48","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49659328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia is a Significant Predictor of Mortality After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair.","authors":"Joshua K Kays,&nbsp;Tiffany W Liang,&nbsp;Teresa A Zimmers,&nbsp;Daniel P Milgrom,&nbsp;Hamzah Abduljabar,&nbsp;Andrew Young,&nbsp;Bradford J Kim,&nbsp;Teresa M Bell,&nbsp;Andres Fajardo,&nbsp;Michael P Murphy,&nbsp;Leonidas G Koniaris","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) decreases the incidence of rupture and death. In cancer patients, sarcopenia has been associated with increased surgical complications and mortality. The impact of sarcopenia on survival after AAA repair has yet to be described.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Patient demographic, laboratory, body composition measurements and survival data were obtained from patients undergoing AAA repair at the Indiana University medical campus over a 5-year period. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with overall survival. Overall, 58.2% presented with sarcopenia. Sarcopenic patients were older (71.8±8.3 versus 66.8±8.1 years; p<0.001), had lower body mass index (BMI) (26.3±5.2 versus 31.5±5.9 kg/m²; p<0.001), higher rates of myosteatosis (84.4% versus 52.%; p<0.001), greater AAA diameter (60.6±14.0 versus 57.8±11.7 mm; p=0.016), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (32.3% versus 25.1% ≥6; p=0.034), and increased rates of rupture (8.2% versus 3.8%; p=0.047). Sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic patients had no difference in 30-day morbidity (8.5% versus 8.5%; p=0.991) or mortality (3.7% versus 0.9%; p=0.07). Univariate analysis demonstrated age, sarcopenia, myosteatosis, CCI, and BMI to be associated with long-term survival. There was no correlation between BMI and sarcopenia. Both sarcopenia and myosteatosis resulted in decreased one-, three-, and five-year survivals compared to their counterparts. On multivariate analysis sarcopenia is independently associated with survival, conferring a 1.6-fold increase in death (p=0.04). The combination of sarcopenia plus myosteatosis doubled the risk of death compared to sarcopenia alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to demonstrate that over half of all patients undergoing AAA repair are sarcopenic, a condition associated with increased mortality. Sarcopenia with myosteatosis is associated with double the mortality of sarcopenia alone. CT scan, but not BMI, accurately identifies sarcopenia and myosteatosis. Defining the mechanisms through which sarcopenia contributes to late death after AAA repair is critical to developing novel interventions that may improve survival in this high risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/21/c3/nihms-1000237.PMC6457268.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37328837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}