JCSM clinical reports最新文献

{"title":"Body composition, sarcopenia, and quality of life in patients with oesophageal cancer before resection surgery and at follow-up: a cohort study","authors":"Jan Persson,&nbsp;Monika Fagevik Olsén,&nbsp;Britt-Marie Iresjö,&nbsp;Ulrika Smedh","doi":"10.1002/crt2.9","DOIUrl":"10.1002/crt2.9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oesophageal cancer is associated with dysphagia and reduced caloric intake. Body composition and prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with oesophageal cancer before and after surgery are not well known. The aims were to (i) describe body composition and sarcopenia, physical performance, and quality of life (QoL) in a cohort of patients with oesophageal cancer before surgery with curative intent; (ii) investigate alterations in body composition as a consequence of the surgery at 1 and 3 months post-operatively; and (iii) investigate if pre-operative measures are correlated to morbidity, length of stay, QoL, or mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An observational study was performed in 76 consecutive patients with oesophageal cancer planned for open surgery with curative intent. Data were collected from the patient history database. QoL data were derived from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-OES18 questionnaire. Pre-operatively, the patients displayed normal body mass index despite that almost 20% were sarcopenic, 86% had a lowered physical performance level, and 37% of the patients were severely malnourished. All body composition variables except fat mass declined up to 3 months after surgery. No pre-operative biometric measure or QoL item correlated with risk for complications. High physical performance, female sex, and high global QoL score positively predicted overall survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severe malnourishment was common in patients judged suitable for surgery in spite of normal body mass index. Neither pre-operative malnutrition nor sarcopenia was independent risk factor for morbidity or overall mortality. Oesophageal surgery causes long-lasting catabolic effects, highlighting the importance of optimal peri-operative and post-operative nutrition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"16-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crt2.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46241789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound imaging for measuring muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness of the anterior thigh: a 2 year longitudinal study in middle age","authors":"Filippo Mechelli,&nbsp;Lars Arendt-Nielsen,&nbsp;Maria Stokes,&nbsp;Sandra Agyapong-Badu","doi":"10.1002/crt2.7","DOIUrl":"10.1002/crt2.7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultrasound (US) imaging technique is widely used in research and clinical settings to assess the morphology and morphometry of neuromusculoskeletal structures. The technique has reported validity and reliability in measuring the size of various muscles under controlled conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess anterior thigh thickness using US imaging, in a healthy cohort of middle-aged older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants included 17 healthy older adults involved in regular moderate-vigorous activities (age range 39–66 years). US imaging scans of the anterior thighs 2 years since baseline measurements were performed. Images were analysed offline to compare US imaging measurements of muscle thickness and subcutaneous fat (SF) of the anterior thigh taken at baseline and after 2 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no significant difference between muscle thickness measurements taken at baseline and after 2 years (mean, standard deviation; baseline = 2.80 ± 0.71 cm; follow-up = 2.77 ± 0.72 cm, <i>P</i> = 0.33). There was also no significant change in SF thickness (baseline = 1.04 ± 0.41 cm; follow-up = 1.06 ± 0.40, <i>P</i> = 0.33).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results show that there was no decline in anterior thigh muscle thickness or increase in SF in the healthy cohort studied using US imaging over a 2 year period. These findings demonstrate the robustness of US imaging measurements over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crt2.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48343897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of anorexia prevents skeletal muscle wasting during cisplatin-based chemotherapy for thoracic malignancies","authors":"Eriko Miyawaki,&nbsp;Tateaki Naito,&nbsp;Kazuhisa Nakashima,&nbsp;Taichi Miyawaki,&nbsp;Nobuaki Mamesaya,&nbsp;Takahisa Kawamura,&nbsp;Haruki Kobayashi,&nbsp;Shota Omori,&nbsp;Kazushige Wakuda,&nbsp;Akira Ono,&nbsp;Hirotsugu Kenmotsu,&nbsp;Haruyasu Murakami,&nbsp;Keita Mori,&nbsp;Toshiaki Takahashi","doi":"10.1002/crt2.8","DOIUrl":"10.1002/crt2.8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer-associated skeletal muscle loss often occurs in patients with advanced lung cancer who are receiving chemotherapy. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) or anorexia on muscle wasting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this post-hoc analysis of a phase II clinical trial of antiemetic agents, chemotherapy-naïve Japanese patients with thoracic malignancies were prospectively recruited between May and October 2015. Total control of CINV was defined as the absence of nausea and vomiting without rescue therapy 0–120 h after each course of chemotherapy. Non-anorexia was defined as having no anorexia or having an anorexia grade no higher than ‘1’ during the 3 month period following chemotherapy initiation. Skeletal muscle mass was measured by computed tomography, and lumbar skeletal muscle index (LSMI) was calculated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 29 patients, CINV was totally controlled in 7 (24%) and grade 2 or 3 anorexia was observed in 10 (34%). The LSMI significantly decreased across the entire cohort (mean ± standard error of the mean: −3.1 ± 0.6 cm²/m², <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01); this reduction was similar among patients with and without total control of CINV (−4.1 ± 1.3 vs. −2.8 ± 0.7 cm²/m², <i>P</i> = 0.38). Patients with anorexia experienced a larger decrease in LSMI than did those without anorexia during the study period (−5.4 ± 0.9 vs. −1.9 ± 0.7 cm²/m², <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant skeletal muscle mass depletion was observed despite well-controlled CINV. Continuous oral food intake may be required throughout the course of cisplatin-based chemotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crt2.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42452833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound imaging for measuring muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness of the anterior thigh: A two-year longitudinal study in middle age","authors":"Filippo Mechelli","doi":"10.17987/JCSM-CR.V4I2.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17987/JCSM-CR.V4I2.94","url":null,"abstract":"Background Ultrasound (US) imaging technique is widely used in research and clinical settings to assess the morphology and morphometry of neuromusculoskeletal structures. The technique has reported validity and reliability in measuring the size of various muscles under controlled conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess anterior thigh thickness using US imaging, in a healthy cohort of middle-aged older adults.Methods Participants included seventeen healthy older adults involved in regular moderate-vigorous activities (age range 39-66 years). US imaging scans of the anterior thighs two years since baseline measurements were performed. Images were analyzed off-line to compare US imaging measurements of muscle thickness and subcutaneous fat (SF) of the anterior thigh taken at baseline and after two years.Results There was no significant difference between muscle thickness measurements taken at baseline and after two years (Mean, standard deviation; baseline=2.80±0.71cm; follow-up=2.77±0.72cm, p=0.33). There was also no significant change in SF thickness (baseline=1.04±0.41cm; follow-up=1.06±0.40, p=0.33).Conclusions The results show there was no decline in anterior thigh muscle thickness or increase in SF in the healthy cohort studied using US imaging over a two-year period. These findings demonstrate the robustness of US imaging measurements over time.","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46962369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between SARC-F status and quality of life in High Risk Foot Clinic patients","authors":"Irina Churilov,&nbsp;Leonid Churilov,&nbsp;Michelle Proctor,&nbsp;Anna Galligan,&nbsp;David Murphy,&nbsp;Mark Westcott,&nbsp;Richard J MacIsaac,&nbsp;Elif I Ekinci","doi":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v4i1.73","DOIUrl":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v4i1.73","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High Risk Foot Clinic (HRFC) patients have foot ulceration commonly associated with poorer quality of life (QoL). A positive SARC-F test is predictive of sarcopenia. The objective of this study is to investigate whether SARC-F positive status is associated with lower QoL among attendees of HRFC, which is currently unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cross-sectional study ambulatory HRFC patients were recruited at metropolitan tertiary referral hospital over one year. Demographics, comorbidities, SARC-F and EQ-5D-3L (EuroQol Group) outcomes were collected. Association between SARC-F status and EQ-5D visual analogue scale measurement, as well as individual EQ-5D-3L dimensions were investigated using, respectively, linear robust and ordinal logistic regression modelling. The clinic was attended by 122 new patients, 85 of whom (69%) completed the questionnaires with no selection bias identified. 43/85 (51%) patients were SARC-F positive as indicated by a score of 4 or greater. No significant differences between SARC-F positive and negative patients were identified in age or diabetes status. SARC-F positive patients had consistently lower EQ-5D-3L visual analogue scale measurement [mean 5.3 (SD 2.0); median 5 (IQR: 4, 6.5)] compared to SARC-F negative patients [6.6 (SD 1.9); 7 (5.5, 7.5)], adjusted mean difference -1.2 (95%CI: -2.1, -0.4; p=0.007). SARC-F positive patients demonstrated consistent and statistically significantly worse EQ-5D-3L scores on mobility, personal care and usual activities, but not on anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort components.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Approximately half of HRFC patients are SARC-F positive and exhibit significantly lower QoL as measured by EQ-5D-3L compared to SARC-F negative patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v4i1.73","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41847572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARC-F Questionnaire: Rapid and Easy Tool for Identifying Physical Limitations in Hemodialysis Patients","authors":"Shohei Yamamoto,&nbsp;Ryota Matsuzawa,&nbsp;Manae Harada,&nbsp;Takaaki Watanabe,&nbsp;Takahiro Shimoda,&nbsp;Yuta Suzuki,&nbsp;Kentaro Kamiya,&nbsp;Shiwori Osada,&nbsp;Atsushi Yoshida,&nbsp;Atsuhiko Matsunaga","doi":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v4i1.74","DOIUrl":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v4i1.74","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SARC-F is a simple questionnaire for rapidly assessing physical function and screening for sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine whether the SARC-F questionnaire is useful for identifying impaired physical function and the risk of physical limitations in hemodialysis patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 281 patients undergoing hemodialysis at two dialysis units. SARC-F, handgrip strength, leg strength, one-leg standing time, usual gait speed, and short physical performance battery (SPPB) score were measured. Patients were classified according to the SARC-F score (SARC-F &lt;4 and SARC-F ≥4), indicating the risk of sarcopenia. Furthermore, we defined physical limitations as handgrip strength of &lt;26 kg for men and &lt;18 kg for women, leg strength of &lt;40%, usual gait speed of ≤0.8 m/s, and SPPB score of ≤8 points. To calculate the areas under the curves (AUCs) of the SARC-F score for physical limitations, receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was performed. SARC-F ≥4 was observed in 75 (26.7 %) hemodialysis patients. The SARC-F ≥4 group had a significantly lower handgrip and leg strength, shorter one-leg standing time, slower usual gait speed, and lower SPPB score than the SARC-F &lt;4 group, even after adjusting for potential confounders (all <i>P</i> &lt;0.001). Further, SARC-F demonstrated good accuracy in identifying the risk of physical limitations (all AUCs &gt; 0.75).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SARC-F questionnaire is useful for screening impaired physical function and for identifying the risk of physical limitations in hemodialysis patients and can be easily and rapidly administered to this patient group in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v4i1.74","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43742900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race and socioeconomic effect on sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in the Louisiana Osteoporosis Study (LOS).","authors":"Cassie Jeng,&nbsp;Lan-Juan Zhao,&nbsp;Kehao Wu,&nbsp;Yu Zhou,&nbsp;Ted Chen,&nbsp;Hong-Wen Deng","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are emerging public health issues. True prevalence rates are unknown and estimates differ substantially between studies. No large-scale single study has compared prevalence rates between whites, blacks, Asians, and Hispanics, as we intend to do here. This study also examined the effects of race and socioeconomic factors on sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 10,325 participants from Louisiana. Appendicular lean mass (ASM), measured through dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, was divided by height squared (ASM/h²) to define sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as sarcopenia plus obesity (waist-to-hip ratio).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity rates were 17.6% and 7.0% for males, and 13.7% and 2.5% for females, respectively. The highest sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity rates were found in Asian males (40.6%, 14.4%) and females (30.1%, 8.0%). The lowest sarcopenic obesity rates were observed in black males (3.7%) and females (0.9%). We found significant associations with sarcopenic obesity in males for age, race, and income; in females, for age, race, and education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under one diagnostic definition, the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity is highest among Asians and lowest amongst blacks. Income and education had significant associations with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, in males and females, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6712972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10008897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiles Associated with Sarcopenia in Hepatoma Patients Underwent Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization: A Data-Mining Analysis","authors":"Keisuke Hirota,&nbsp;Takumi Kawaguchi,&nbsp;Ryuki Hashida,&nbsp;Shunji Koya,&nbsp;Masafumi Bekki,&nbsp;Norihiro Goshima,&nbsp;Teruhito Yoshiyama,&nbsp;Takashi Otsuka,&nbsp;Ryosuke Nozoe,&nbsp;Dan Nakano,&nbsp;Tomotake Shirono,&nbsp;Shigeo Shimose,&nbsp;Hideki Iwamoto,&nbsp;Takashi Niizeki,&nbsp;Hiroo Matsuse,&nbsp;Hironori Koga,&nbsp;Naoto Shiba,&nbsp;Takuji Torimura","doi":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.66","DOIUrl":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.66","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia is a prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) may aggravate sarcopenia because of post-embolization syndrome. The aims of this study are to investigate changes in skeletal muscle mass after TACE and its risk profiles in patients with HCC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 104 HCC patients (age 73.5 [41.0–88.0] years, female/male 35/69, body mass index 22.4 [16.0–32.7]). Changes in skeletal muscle mass were evaluated by Δskeletal muscle index (SMI) using computed tomography before and after TACE. Factors correlated with ΔSMI were evaluated. Independent factors and profiles associated with a decrease in SMI were evaluated by multivariate analysis and decision-tree analysis, respectively. SMI was significantly decreased after TACE in patients with HCC (32.8 vs. 30.6 cm²/m²; P=0.0001). However, there was no significant correlation between the ΔSMI and other variables including Δalbumin. In the logistic regression analysis, no factor was significantly associated with a decrease in SMI. In the decision-tree analysis, sex was selected as the initial split and, in female, 74% of subjects showed a decrease in SMI. While, in male, an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤81.7 ml/min/1.73 m² was the second split; of these patients, 74% of subjects had a decreased SMI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We demonstrated that skeletal muscle mass was decreased after TACE in patients with HCC. “female” and “male who had a lower eGFR” were profile for a decrease in skeletal muscle mass. Thus, such patients who have HCC treated with TACE may benefit from preventive treatment for sarcopenia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"3 2","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.66","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42856726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle wasting diseases has two distinct trajectories on the 3-dimensional age-BMI-peak VO2 scatterplot","authors":"Masamitsu Sugie,&nbsp;Kazumasa Harada,&nbsp;Tetsuya Takahashi,&nbsp;Marina Nara,&nbsp;Teruyuki Koyama,&nbsp;Hajime Fujimoto,&nbsp;Shunei Kyo,&nbsp;Hideki Ito","doi":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.69","DOIUrl":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.69","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Frailty and sarcopenia are age-related morbid states, and a low body mass index (BMI) is a characteristic of frailty and cachexia. However, no common index for assessing these three muscle wasting states is available, making it difficult to understand the relationship among them. Peak oxygen uptake (peak VO₂), an index of life expectancy, may be a useful common index. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship among sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia using age, BMI, and peak VO₂.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were 175 Japanese community dwelling older adults (58 men, 117 women; 77.6 years). We assessed biochemical, physiological, and physical factors, and symptoms associated with frailty, and cachexia. Peak VO₂ was assessed with a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Participants were classified into five groups: robust, pre-frail, frail, sarcopenia, and cachexia. We compared the groups by age, BMI, and peakVO₂ with average values and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). 17% (n=30) of participants were classified as robust, 40% (n=70) as pre-frail, 12% (n=21) as sarcopenia, 25% (n=44) as frail, and 6% (n=10) as cachexia. Significant differences were found in age (robust vs. frail, pre-frail vs. frail), BMI (robust vs. cachexia, pre-frail vs. cachexia, frail vs. cachexia), and peak VO₂ (robust vs. frail, robust vs. cachexia, pre-frail vs. cachexia) with average values and 95% CIs. Three dimensions among age, BMI and peak VO₂ revealed two trajectories (from robust to frailty via pre-frailty, and from robust to cachexia via sarcopenia) among muscle wasting diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study revealed two trajectories among muscle wasting diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"3 2","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.69","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42877982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race and socioeconomic effect on sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in the Louisiana Osteoporosis Study (LOS)","authors":"Cassie Jeng,&nbsp;Lan-Juan Zhao,&nbsp;Kehao Wu,&nbsp;Yu Zhou,&nbsp;Ted Chen,&nbsp;Hong-Wen Deng","doi":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.27","DOIUrl":"10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.27","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are emerging public health issues. True prevalence rates are unknown and estimates differ substantially between studies. No large-scale single study has compared prevalence rates between whites, blacks, Asians, and Hispanics, as we intend to do here. This study also examined the effects of race and socioeconomic factors on sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 10,325 participants from Louisiana. Appendicular lean mass (ASM), measured through dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, was divided by height squared (ASM/h²) to define sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as sarcopenia plus obesity (waist-to-hip ratio).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity rates were 17.6% and 7.0% for males, and 13.7% and 2.5% for females, respectively. The highest sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity rates were found in Asian males (40.6%, 14.4%) and females (30.1%, 8.0%). The lowest sarcopenic obesity rates were observed in black males (3.7%) and females (0.9%). We found significant associations with sarcopenic obesity in males for age, race, and income; in females, for age, race, and education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Under one diagnostic definition, the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity is highest among Asians and lowest amongst blacks. Income and education had significant associations with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, in males and females, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"3 2","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42013877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}