JCIS open最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced biomedical performance of magnetic Fe3O4@chitosan nanocomposites: A comparative study of synthesis methods for hyperthermia and chemotherapy applications","authors":"Ahmed F. Aman ,&nbsp;Omayma A. Ghazy ,&nbsp;Hoda Saleh ,&nbsp;Ismaiel A. Ali ,&nbsp;Neamat H. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Sameh A. Rizk ,&nbsp;Zakaria I. Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the synthesis of magnetite/chitosan nanocomposites (Fe₃O₄@CS) using <em>in-situ</em> and <em>ex-situ</em> methods. The nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, and VSM analyses. Their potential in nanomedicine was assessed through chemosensitivity tests on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and hyperthermic performance under an alternating magnetic field. The particle size of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was 10–20 nm and 20–40 nm for <em>in-situ</em> and <em>ex-situ</em> prepared samples as revealed by TEM images. FTIR indicated strong interactions between magnetite and chitosan, while XRD revealed a more uniform crystalline structure of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in <em>ex-situ</em> prepared samples. VSM analysis showed higher magnetization saturation for the <em>ex-situ</em> samples, with magnetization decreasing as chitosan content increased. <em>In vitro</em> assays demonstrated that both synthesis routes influenced the cytotoxicity of the nanocomposites against EAC cells, with <em>in-situ</em> samples showing greater early-stage cytotoxicity causing 40 % reduction in cell viability at 10 μg/mL. Under an alternating magnetic field, Fe₃O₄@CS nanocomposites reached therapeutic hyperthermia temperatures, with <em>in-situ</em> samples achieving 40.1–41.4 °C and <em>ex-situ</em> samples reaching 41–43 °C. These results highlight the importance of synthesis method and chitosan content in tailoring Fe₃O₄@CS nanocomposites for efficient and targeted hyperthermia-based cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clear-cut synthesis of silver nanoparticles using glycerol as a multipurpose medium toward catalytic hydrogenation and antibacterial","authors":"Van-Hoa Nguyen ,&nbsp;Hoa-Hung Lam ,&nbsp;Minh-Tam K. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Thi-An-Sa Do ,&nbsp;Hong-Phuong Phan ,&nbsp;Trung Dang-Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adapting for a green and safe protocol, this work developed a straightforward polyol method for synthesizing spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), with a median size of 12.2 nm in glycerol at a low temperature (60 °C). The multipurpose nature of glycerol, acting as both a reductant and an immobilizer, was explored, demonstrating the long-term stability of AgNPs in the resulting colloidal solution. The stability of AgNPs in glycerol was also contrasted with their stability in water and other polyols. The multiple applications of AgNPs in glycerol included their use as antibacterial agents (against both <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> strains) and as an eco-friendly catalyst. At room temperature, the selective hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) obeyed a pseudo first-order kinetic model, exhibiting a rate constant of 0.1064 min⁻¹. The kinetic and thermodynamic results confirmed that the rate-determining step involved an electron-transfer process from adsorbed hydrogen to 4-nitrophenolate on the AgNPs surface. Utilizing glycerol as a non-toxic solvent, this colloidal AgNPs solution can be easily stored and directly used without any additional purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colloidal structure, energy extensivity and Monte Carlo sampling properties of improved short-range interaction models for surfactant-coated magnetic nanoparticles","authors":"Aimê Gomes da Mata Kanzaki ,&nbsp;Tiago de Sousa Araújo Cassiano ,&nbsp;João Valeriano ,&nbsp;Fabio Luis de Oliveira Paula ,&nbsp;Leonardo Luiz e Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The standard DLVO theory offers a limited description of ionic-surfacted magnetic colloids in near aggregation regimes. Correcting the electrical double layer term for ionic surfactants is not enough to successfully simulate the systems. The correction of the van der Waals energy divergence at short interparticle distances is fundamental for proper Monte Carlo sampling of nanoparticles’ configurations. We compare different short-range interaction models and show that a more detailed model leads to Monte Carlo simulations that better match theoretical expectations. Studying the energy scaling with the number of particles, we observe a slight deviation from energy extensivity across all models, small but still detectable via Akaike’s information criterion. The more detailed model predicts a strong effect of particle-size dispersity on the transition between overall attraction and repulsion. More precise modeling can significantly affect numerical predictions, in particular, the effect of particle-size dispersity on the spatial structure of colloids with high volume fraction. This emphasizes the importance of nailing down better models for describing complex colloidal dispersions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green approach to La2O3/ZnO nanocomposites synthesis via Jatropha curcas latex: Implications in photocatalysis","authors":"Amit Sharma,&nbsp;Sahil Singh,&nbsp;Khyati Sharma,&nbsp;Kamal Thakur,&nbsp;Khushbu Choudhary,&nbsp;Aastha Patial,&nbsp;Tamana,&nbsp;Vikas Dhiman","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃)/ZnO nanocomposites using Jatropha curcas latex, emphasizing a sustainable green chemistry methodology. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and zeta sizer analysis, were employed to elucidate the crystalline structure, optical properties, morphology, and stability of the synthesized materials. The photocatalytic efficacy of the synthesized nanomaterials was rigorously evaluated for the solar-driven photocatalytic removal of methylene blue (MB) dye. Through systematic optimization, an optimal dosage of 3 mg/mL for the La₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposite was identified, demonstrating a significant enhancement in degradation efficiency over ZnO nanoparticles. Under these optimized conditions, the La₂O₃/ZnO catalyst achieved up to 87.71 % removal of MB (initial concentration of 10 mg/L in 100 mL) within 120 min of exposure to natural sunlight. Additionally, under UV irradiation, the MB solution exhibited an exceptional 95.16 % photodegradation, with an estimated rate constant of 0.03224 min⁻¹ after 90 min of treatment with the La₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposite. To further assess the performance and applicability of the photocatalysts, recyclability studies, scavenger studies, and hot filtration tests were conducted, confirming the potential of eco-friendly La₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposites as effective agents for sustainable environmental remediation strategies. This research not only advances the field of photocatalysis but also contributes to the development of sustainable materials for pollution mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced corrosion resistance of aluminum 6061 alloy using Ti-based thin films and plasma nitriding","authors":"Margono ,&nbsp;Djarot B. Darmadi ,&nbsp;Femiana Gapsari ,&nbsp;Teguh Dwi Widodo ,&nbsp;Bayu Mahdi Kartika","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys is a critical factor limiting their application in aggressive environments, particularly those containing chloride ions. Aluminum 6061, despite its high strength-to-weight ratio, suffers from localized corrosion in such conditions. In this study, Ti, Ti-Ni, and Ti-Ni-N thin films were deposited on aluminum 6061 alloy using the DC sputtering method, followed by plasma nitriding for the Ti-Ni-N film. The results showed that the Ti-Ni film exhibited the best corrosion resistance of 3.64 × 10⁻⁴ mm/year, with the lowest i_corr of 2.80 × 10⁻⁴ A/cm² and the highest protection efficiency, due to the formation of a stable passive layer. The Ti-Ni-N film also demonstrated enhanced hardness of 392.4 HV, though with slightly higher surface roughness of 5.76 μm. This research contributes to the development of more durable coatings for aluminum alloys, providing improved corrosion resistance in chloride-rich environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective flotation of carbonate minerals","authors":"Manas Barai ,&nbsp;Tanmay Dutta ,&nbsp;Anuttam Patra","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the selective flotation of carbonate minerals-dolomite, magnesite, and calcite using amino acid-based single- and double-headed collectors. The separation efficiency was evaluated using microflotation experiments, ζ potential measurements, UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and molecular modelling. The study aimed to understand how the molecular architecture of collectors influences their adsorption behaviour on mineral surfaces, leading to selective flotation.</div><div>Flotation recoveries were measured at both natural and pH 10.5 conditions. The monocarboxylate collector (C₁₂GlyNa) demonstrated high but non-selective recovery across all three minerals. In contrast, the double-headed collector, disodium <em>N</em>-dodecyl aminomalonate (C₁₂MalNa₂), exhibited strong selectivity, particularly for magnesite, due to optimal geometric matching between its head groups and the Mg-Mg atomic distances on the mineral surface. The amount of collector adsorbed was determined by UV–Vis analysis, while FTIR confirmed surface adsorption through characteristic alkyl stretching bands. ζ potential measurements supported these findings, showing that increased adsorption led to greater negative charge development on mineral surfaces. Molecular modelling further revealed that selective adsorption occurs when the collector's head group spacing aligns with metal-metal distances on the mineral surface, enabling effective electrostatic interactions.</div><div>These results highlight the potential for designing tailored collectors based on molecular recognition principles, offering a pathway for more efficient and selective flotation of carbonate minerals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of novel step-scheme TiO2-WO3 nanostructured heterojunction towards morphology-driven enhancement of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"M. Rebeca Sofiya Joice ,&nbsp;Priya Ranjan Dev ,&nbsp;E. Iyyappan ,&nbsp;T. Manovah David ,&nbsp;Nithya Thangavel ,&nbsp;Bernaurdshaw Neppolian ,&nbsp;P. Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution driven via solar energy is an efficient and sustainable method for hydrogen synthesis. The use of titania (TiO₂), an efficient photocatalyst in hydrogen generation, can be improved further by reducing the recombination rate of photoinduced charge carriers. In this context, WO₃ is a viable material to boost TiO₂ photoefficiency. In the present study, 1D TiO₂ nanotube/WO₃ nanorod (TN-WR) Step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction was fabricated via a facile impregnation method. XRD studies confirmed the anatase phase of TiO₂ and the monoclinic phase of WO₃. Morphological studies revealed the 1D microstructure of the nanocomposite with a mesoporous surface. UV-DRS and PL profiles displayed a bathochromic shift in wavelength signifying the activation of the nanocomposite in the visible region. XPS studies indicated the generation of defective sites in TiO₂ upon incorporation of WO₃. Thus, the novel 1D TN-WR S-scheme heterojunction nanocomposite demonstrates a remarkably high photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate of 1761 μmol g⁻¹h⁻¹. In order to investigate the role of morphology in hydrogen evolution, TiO₂/WO₃ nanocomposites with spherical morphologies were considered for comparison. This study provides a novel insight into the design of semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution while avoiding the use of noble metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consolidation of carbonates using hydrolysed polyacrylamide: Effect of temperature, pressure, salinity, and nanoparticle crosslinking","authors":"Jin Hau Lew ,&nbsp;Omar K. Matar ,&nbsp;Erich A. Müller ,&nbsp;Adrielle Sousa Santos ,&nbsp;Myo Thant Maung Maung ,&nbsp;Paul F. Luckham","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper discusses a comprehensive three-part experimental study on the consolidation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) via hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM). The first part involves the consolidation ability of HPAM on CaCO₃ investigated under room conditions. The setups in this work are dilute (1:25 mass ratio of CaCO₃ to HPAM) and concentrated (1:2 mass ratio) colloidal systems, and an incubation of Iceland spar calcite crystal in dilute HPAM solution. UV–Vis absorption, zeta potential, oscillatory rheology in the form of storage modulus (G’), unconfined compression stress (UCS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) force mapping, reveal positive interactions and increased consolidation with higher HPAM dosage, up to an optimum level. The second part explores the impact of reservoir conditions, namely salinity and temperature, on the consolidating ability of HPAM. Salinity tests indicate a higher polymer dosage requirement under increased salt concentration to maintain optimum CaCO₃ consolidation, while temperature tests show a reduction in peak mechanical strength of consolidated CaCO₃ samples. In the final part, the preservation of the effectiveness of deploying HPAM in reservoir conditions by crosslinking it with silica nanoparticles (SiONP) is explored. The results from G′ and UCS analyses demonstrate that CaCO₃ consolidated by crosslinked HPAM retains peak mechanical strength even when treated with brine and subjected to continuous heating for three days. This extensive investigation into the consolidation of CaCO₃ by HPAM provides valuable insights into the potential use of HPAM for strengthening reservoir rocks, with the novel approach of crosslinking showing promise for preserving its usability in challenging reservoir conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy analysis of Hall-effect-driven TiO2−CoFe2O4/ engine oil-based hybrid nanofluid flow between spinning porous disks with thermal convective boundaries","authors":"Sk Enamul ,&nbsp;Surender Ontela","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The applications of fluid dynamics and heat transfer between coaxial double-rotating disks are diverse and crucial across various engineering and scientific fields. This study is motivated by the growing need for efficient thermal management in advanced engineering applications, such as cooling systems, energy storage, and magnetohydrodynamic technologies. The research focuses on the heat transfer characteristics and entropy analysis of the flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid between two spinning porous disks, incorporating the effects of Hall currents, viscous dissipation, and thermal convective boundaries. The hybrid nanofluid consists of titanium dioxide and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles suspended in engine oil. The governing equations are transformed into non-dimensional forms using a similarity transformation and solved with the semi-analytical homotopy analysis method. Results reveal the effects of parameters on velocity, temperature profiles, Nusselt number, skin friction, entropy generation, and the Bejan number graphically. Notably, the temperature profile improves with increases in the Brinkman number and the thermal Biot number of the lower disk. In contrast, skin friction decreases with higher titanium dioxide volume fraction, porosity parameter, and magnetic field parameter. The heat transfer rate increases with a higher nanoparticle shape factor and magnetic field parameter. These findings offer significant implications for optimizing the thermal performance of nanofluids, particularly in advanced cooling systems, thermal energy storage, and magnetohydrodynamic applications where enhanced heat transfer and efficient thermal management are critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer optimization in magnetohydrodynamic buoyancy-driven convective hybrid nanofluid with carbon nanotubes over a slippery rotating porous surface","authors":"Thirupathi Thumma ,&nbsp;Surender Ontela ,&nbsp;Devarsu Radha Pyari ,&nbsp;S.R. Mishra ,&nbsp;Subhajit Panda","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid nanofluids containing carbon nanotubes possess the potential to augment thermal conductivity and are also employed in heat management applications. These nanofluids combine two kinds of nanostructures (single-wall and multi-wall) and have better energy conversion, cooling, and heat transmission qualities. Because of their tiny size and strength, carbon nanotubes (CNT) are used to increase machinery and components lubrication and boost system energy storage and charging cycle effectiveness of lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, a mathematical model is formulated to study the hydromagnetic CNT hybrid nanofluid mixed convective flow past an elongating porous surface in the occurrence of external heat source, thermal linear radiation, viscous and Joule dissipation. The nanoparticle diameter and interfacial layer effects are explored by incorporating the Gharesim dynamic viscosity model and Hamilton–Crosser thermal conductivity model. The partial differential equations (PDEs) defining the considered fluid flow are transformed into ordinary differential Equations (ODEs) utilizing predefined similarity transformations. The numerical Runge-Kutta method and shooting procedure are employed to obtain the outcomes. The current study establishes that the liquid momentum is controlled for the slip flow, thus with the slip condition, the amount of retardation is much higher in comparison with the no-slip condition, and the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid has been raised by a greater heat source coefficient and radiation factor. Further, the sensitivity and optimization analysis of the heat transmission rate is carried out using RSM with face-centered central composite design model of experiments. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the highest evaluated value 0.006330 of heat transmission rate is identified at the uncoded values <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mtext>SWCNT</mtext></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.01</mn><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mtext>MWCNT</mtext></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.01</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.10</mn></mrow></math></span> and the least value −0.002590 is identified at the uncoded values of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mtext>SWCNT</mtext></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.01</mn><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mtext>MWCNT</mtext></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.03</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.10</mn></mrow></math></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}