International journal of epidemiologic research最新文献

{"title":"Using Ineffective Coping Strategies for Facing With COVID-19","authors":"Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan, Hamed Delam","doi":"10.34172/ijer.2020.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijer.2020.10","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, Methods that people use to overcome problems are called coping strategies. The concept of coping was first introduced by Lazarus in 1966. He believed that stress involves three stages. First, there is the initial assessment, which is to observe a risk. The second stage involves the evaluation, which is the search for an answer in the mind, and the third stage is to find the answer to the problem, which is called a coping strategy.1,2 Numerous studies have examined the causes of dangerous behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and self-harming behaviors in individuals; however, many people who are exposed to difficult psychological distress do not tend to engage in such dangerous behaviors. These people have abilities that other people do not.3 Therefore, the differences between people who engage in dangerous behaviors and those who do not show such reactions in facing the problems can be traced to the coping methods used by these individuals when faced with difficult psychological conditions. However, if the coping strategies that a person uses to face with problems are effective, it creates a sense of self-control and therefore the person can finally solve the problem or cope with it, and if the strategies are ineffective, it will eventually lead to the use of ineffective coping strategies and sometimes dangerous behaviors.4 In a study on COVID-19 in China, researchers found that many people who confronted with COVID-19 pandemic have experienced high levels of psychological distress and that many people have used negative coping strategies for adapting to this crisis.5 Finally, it can be stated that the occurrence of dangerous behaviors in such critical situations is not a behavior without introduction. Therefore, some of the characteristics of people could be deduced such as their inability to find solutions to the problems, lack of coping strategies to manage stressors, and inflexibility and limitation of the number of solutions provided by them. To conclude, strengthening effective defense mechanisms by mental health professionals can reduce the incidence of such destructive behaviors in community members.","PeriodicalId":73448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiologic research","volume":"7 1","pages":"52-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47161036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Distribution, Biodiversity, and Some Selective Aspects of the Physicochemical Characteristics of the Larval Habitats of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran","authors":"S. Omrani, S. Azari-Hamidian","doi":"10.34172/ijer.2020.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijer.2020.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are still a focus of research because of their role in the transmission of diseases and annoying biting behavior. Source reduction is an effective measure to control mosquito populations, which is based on good knowledge of larval habitats. This study was conducted to obtain that basic knowledge in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methods: This study was carried out in 2011 and 2012. Geographical coordinates, altitude, pH, temperature, and the dissolved oxygen level of larval habitats were recorded by relevant devices, followed by documenting physical attributes by direct observation. In addition, the indices of biodiversity were calculated to analyze the vertical biodiversity of species. Finally, the affinity index was calculated to elucidate species co-occurrence. Results: Eighteen species were recovered from 92 larval habitats. Low- (≤ 1400 m), mid- (1401–2000 m), and high- (≥ 2001 m) altitudes lodged 7, 17, and 14 species, respectively. Further, the indices of the species richness and biodiversity for these altitudinal categories were 0.93, 1.94, and 1.58, as well as 1.54, 2.13, and 1.96, respectively. Larval habitats were mostly natural, temporary, with standing but clear water, muddy substrate, sunlit, and with vegetation. Other physicochemical characteristics and affinity of species were described and discussed as well. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of vertical distribution and biodiversity of mosquito larvae in Iran. The relative uniformity of physicochemical characteristics of larval habitats was attributed to prevailing water resources in the studied area and sampling design. The oviposition site selection of gravid mosquitoes is still an unresolved problem which needs further investigations.","PeriodicalId":73448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiologic research","volume":"7 1","pages":"74-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46194567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2019 Novel Coronavirus: Emphasis on Maintaining Optimal Levels of Physical Activity Under Self-quarantine Conditions","authors":"M. Mardaniyan Ghahfarrokhi, E. Banitalebi, M. Faramarzi, Mansooreh Ghorbanpoor Dashtaki, C. Earnest","doi":"10.34172/IJER.2020.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/IJER.2020.09","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, The prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 in China and subsequently in most countries of the world has become the most important health problem and has declared a state of emergency in many countries. According to the WHO (April 10, 2020), positive cases have been observed in all countries of the world, and its prevalence is increasing sharply, as health systems in many countries have announced a pandemic situation. Finally, as of April 10, 2020, 66220 positive cases and 4110 deaths have been registered, making Iran one of the most infected countries in the world and having the highest number in the region. Given the lack of available vaccines and essential remedies for the virus, numerous articles have been written on providing important scientific information on the virus. Key questions about the modes and mechanisms of transmission, incubation period, level of risk, and effective treatment are still under discussion. Due to the unprecedented outbreak and the state of emergency, many countries including Iran have adopted safeguards including near-total closing of the cities, flight cancellations, closing the schools for long time, and closing the public places such as sport clubs. On the other hand, given China’s successful experience in controlling the epidemic, measures such as self-quarantine are key to the prevention agenda. However, this disrupts the daily activities of millions of people worldwide, as well as in Iran. It is well known that self-quarantine is naturally associated with reduced levels of daily physical activities. Staying home is accompanied by behaviors such as prolonged lying and sitting, watching TV, and using mobile phone. Concurrently, the likelihood of increasing food and calorie intake in inactive conditions is inevitable. Consequently, a reduction in physical activity, and a decrease in resting energy expenditure accompanied by an increase in calorie intake, could increase the risks associated with sedentarism. Hence, while long-term homestay is clearly recognized as an effective and safe preventive measure regarding the spread of virus, inactive lifestyle can lead to detrimental physiological changes including weight gain and metabolic diseases, as well as psychological changes including depression and aggression that may continue until after the end of the disease. Long-term inactivity, which is generally associated with excessive calorie intake, is the major contributor to overweight, followed by increased systemic inflammation. In the current situation where fear of illness causes stress, the combination of stress, overeating, and increased inactivity can severely affect the immune system. In this regard, Dr. Woods, a pioneer in studies of the effects of exercise on the immune system, has shown that regular exercise exerts many anti-inflammatory effects on the body. He has shown in his studies that exercise improves the immune response to the influenza vaccine. Moreover, in his numerous studies on a","PeriodicalId":73448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiologic research","volume":"7 1","pages":"49-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47811647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Survey on Traffic Accident Mortality Referred to the Forensic Medical Center of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province During 2005-2016","authors":"M. Mobasheri, Solieman Kheiri, S. Bakhshi, Y. Ramezani, Mansour Firouzbakht","doi":"10.34172/ijer.2020.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijer.2020.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: The World Health Organization has listed Iran as the country with the highest number of driving accidents worldwide. Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari is among the top ten provinces in Iran. The aim of this study was to carry out an epidemiological survey on driving accidents resulting in deaths that were referred to the Forensic Medical Center. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data were obtained from the Forensic Medical Center in Shahrekord, the provincial capital, during 2005-2016. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test by SPSS. Results: The number of registered accidents causing death was 3001. The highest number of accidents (13.5%) occurred from August 23rd to September 22nd, which equates to the last months of the summer according to the solar calendar. Location wise, the highest number of accidents happened in Shahrekord (58.2%). In addition, men and married people were more involved in accidents compared to women and singles. The age group of 21-25 had the most number of accidents. Further, the main road had the highest percentage of accidents (86.7%) compared to freeways, by-ways, and rural roads. Finally, head trauma 1634 (60.7%) was the most important cause of death in people who were in car accidents. Conclusion: Based on these results, policymakers and planners have to carry out necessary positive interferences and plans in order to reduce the number of factors which increase car accidents. Eventually, accidents are usually caused by multiple elements and this makes it necessary to review and optimize the operational output of responsible organizations and offices and the cooperation between them.","PeriodicalId":73448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiologic research","volume":"7 1","pages":"68-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46516047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Epidemiology of Lung Cancer in Lebanon During 2014","authors":"R. Salman, Khairallah Amhaz, A. Hellani, Loubna Tayara, Batoul Mourda","doi":"10.34172/ijer.2020.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijer.2020.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. There are no recent data on the lung cancer prevalence in Lebanon, and the available data are based on prediction. Thus, this study aimed to determine the incidence rate of lung cancer during 2014, among patients who were newly diagnosed at Lebanese teaching hospitals. In addition, the study attempted to identify the associated risk factors of lung cancer, the most common presenting symptoms at the diagnosis time, and the stage at which the majority of the patients were diagnosed at the targeted population. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in many teaching hospitals affiliated to the Lebanese University in Lebanon in 2016. Results The lung cancer incidence was 221.9 per 100 000 in 2014. Most patients aged 60 years and over and as regards gender distribution, the majority of them included men. Further, more than half of the patients had the (COPD) and 97% of patients had symptoms at their presentation. Based on the results, 57.9% of them had stage IV lung cancer, but only 12% were diagnosed at the stage IA. Furthermore, 80.6% and 16.4% of patients had non-small and small cell lung cancer, respectively. Finally, 75.4% and 12.1% of them were treated with chemotherapy and underwent surgery, respectively, while 5.2% of patients had radiotherapy. Conclusion The findings of our study showed a higher incidence rate of lung cancer since 2008 which was diagnosed more commonly in men and with the patient’s history of COPD. Eventually, the diagnosis was mostly made at a later stage with non-small cell lung cancer that was the most common histology type.","PeriodicalId":73448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiologic research","volume":"7 1","pages":"63-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69814718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Number of Attacks in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Using Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Model","authors":"M. Jamalian, V. Shaygannejad, M. Sedehi, S. Kheiri","doi":"10.34172/IJER.2020.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/IJER.2020.03","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBackground and aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system.The impact of the number of attacks on the disease is undeniable. The aim of this study was to analyze thenumber of attacks in these patients.Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the registered data of 1840 MS patients referred to the MS clinicof Ayatollah Kashani hospital in Isfahan were used. The number of attacks during the treatment period wasdefined as the response variable, age at diagnosis, sex, employment, level of education, marital status, familyhistory, course of disease, and expanded disability as the explanatory variables. The analysis was performedusing zero-inflated negative binomial model via Bayesian framework in OpenBUGS software.Results: Age at diagnosis (CI: -0.04, -0.20), marital status (CI: -0.56, 0.002), level of education (CI: -0.81,-0.26), Job (CIHousewives vs Employee=[0.04, 0.64], CIUnemployee vs Employee=[-1.10,0.008])), and course of disease (CI:-0.51, -0.08) had a significant effect on the number of attacks. In relapsing-remitting patients, the number ofattacks was partial significantly affected by expanded disability status scale (EDSS) (CI: -0.019, 0.16).Conclusion: Aging, being single (never married), high education, and not having a job decrease the numberof attacks; therefore, lower age, being married, primary education, and being a housewife increase thenumber of attacks. An interventional or educational program is suggested in order to prevent the occurrenceof further attacks in high-risk groups of patients and to increase their chances of recovery.","PeriodicalId":73448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiologic research","volume":"7 1","pages":"12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49224662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Factors Influencing Drug Use Among Commercial Drivers in Suburban Public Transport","authors":"E. Ainy, H. Soori, Roghayeh Paydar","doi":"10.34172/ijer.2020.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijer.2020.06","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0000 </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":73448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiologic research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43992082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Fennel on Pain Relief in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials","authors":"M. Nazari, Masoumeh Rostami-Moez, F. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.34172/IJER.2020.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/IJER.2020.08","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBackground and aims: Fennel is often advocated for primary dysmenorrhea. Whether this herb has areal effect on pain relief is still a matter of debate in medicine. Therefore, this study was conducted toevaluate the effect of fennel on primary dysmenorrhea.Methods: This systematic review was conducted on clinical trials (non-randomized, randomized,historical study with concurrent control) published in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Scopus,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ProQuest, and Persian databases (Magiran,IranMedex, SID, Irandoc) regarding the effect of fennel on pain intensity in primary dysmenorrhea from1990 to 2019. Nine studies met all inclusion criteria. Any clinical trials on young women with primarydysmenorrhea were included in the study. Studies that used fennel plus other products investigatedfennel effect on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and bleeding; studies without a control group andnonclinical trials were excluded. In all studies, participants were young female university or highschool students. All of them had moderate to severe primary dysmenorrhea.Results: In all of the studies except for one, fennel had been more effective than placebo in pain relief(P < 0.01). Non-steroidal drugs had the same result as fennel for pain relief. However, in one study,the difference between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and fennel in pain relief wasobserved. Only one study reported increasing vaginal bleeding after fennel consumption in somecases.Conclusion: Collectively, these studies favored fennel over NSAID, other herbal drugs, and placebo.But more investigation is needed to draw a firm conclusion.Registration: PROSPERO - 42015023725","PeriodicalId":73448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiologic research","volume":"7 1","pages":"44-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49154818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Health Promoting Lifestyle Among Midwives Employed in Hospitals and Health Centres of Qazvin, Iran","authors":"Zainab Alimoardi, Narges Shirazi Haji Miriha, L. Astrologo, Nasim Bahrami","doi":"10.34172/IJER.2020.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/IJER.2020.04","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBackground and aims: Midwives experience a high level of stress due to heavy workloads, which hasbeen shown to have adverse effects on well-being. Accordingly, the main goal of this study was toassess the predictors associated with a healthy lifestyle in a sample of midwives working in hospitalsand health centers of Qazvin, Iran.Methods: A total of 200 midwives were recruited using convenience sampling method. Each subjectcompleted a demographic questionnaire, the Farsi version of the Health Promoting Lifestyle ProfileQuestionnaire, and Perceived Social Support Questionnaire. A multivariate linear regression modelwas used to assess the predictors of health promoting lifestyle (HPL).Results: Spiritual growth (2.78 ± 0.53) and nutrition (2.79 ± 0.45) had the highest scores among HPLsubscales. Conversely, subjects had the lowest score in physical activity (2.02 ± 0.64). Multivariateregression analyses showed that workplace (β = -0.19, P = 0.03), involving in professional sports(β = 0.2, P = 0.01), and perception of an adequate social support network (β = 0.47, P < 0.001) were thestrongest predictors of HPL. These predictors accounted for 27% of the variance in the model.Conclusion: Considering the predictive role of three variables including workplace, involving inprofessional sport, and having adequate social support, HPL interventions can be designed andimplemented. Improving working conditions, strengthening social support networks, and increasingphysical activity might be beneficial measures to improve midwives’ HPL.","PeriodicalId":73448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiologic research","volume":"7 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47502619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Serum Vitamin D Level and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity","authors":"B. Zamani, H. Akbari, M. Mahdian, E. Dadgostar","doi":"10.34172/ijer.2020.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijer.2020.01","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background and aims: : Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease which involves various organs. Vitamin D is an essential ingredient in regulating the immune system. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and the severity of lupus activity. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 38 patients with lupus on the basis of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and 44 healthy subjects with no history of rheumatologic disease. To measure the level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, venous blood samples (5 cc) were taken from each participant and the activity of the lupus disease was measured by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scale. Finally, the chi-square test, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to measure multivariate effects. The level of significance was set to be P<0.05. Results: Thirty-five lupus patients and 40 healthy subjects were females (P=0.847). Vitamin D deficiency was observed in the case (42.1%) and control (11.4%) groups. The mean value of serum vitamin D3 level was 35.3 ng/mL in the control group, as well as 24.6 ng/mL and 21.3 ng/mL in patients with mild and severe SLE, respectively (P=0.024). Conclusion: In this study, high levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D were observed among the healthy subjects compared to patients with SLE. Eventually, the level of vitamin D significantly decreased by increasing the severity of SLE activity.","PeriodicalId":73448,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiologic research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45458606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}