Ime Usanga, Remi Abiola Oladigbolu, Emem Xavier, Donald Akpenna, Usen Daniel, Adewale Akinjeji, Irene Esu, Prince Obinna Anyanwu, Abah Ehiowoicho Peter, Chinyerem Immanuel, Adetunji Adedokun, Valentine Nnamdi Nnanna, Claire Majekodunmi, David Iniama Ekpenyong, Friday Abbah, Mmenyene-Abasi Udom, Janet Olude, Henry Afamefune Nwafejeokwu, David Orojo
{"title":"Is adherence to antiretroviral therapy by recipients of HIV care and treatment receiving care in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria determined by their behaviors? A cross-sectional study","authors":"Ime Usanga, Remi Abiola Oladigbolu, Emem Xavier, Donald Akpenna, Usen Daniel, Adewale Akinjeji, Irene Esu, Prince Obinna Anyanwu, Abah Ehiowoicho Peter, Chinyerem Immanuel, Adetunji Adedokun, Valentine Nnamdi Nnanna, Claire Majekodunmi, David Iniama Ekpenyong, Friday Abbah, Mmenyene-Abasi Udom, Janet Olude, Henry Afamefune Nwafejeokwu, David Orojo","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233426","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There has been limited use of stage of change model in scaling up self-care for optimal adherence to ART. The study aimed to assess the pattern of behavior and its associated factors among recipients of care (RoC) receiving treatment in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 RoC between August and October 2022. The pattern of behavior of RoC was determined using descriptive statistics, and factors associated with behavior were assessed using chi-square analysis and subsequently binary logistic regression at an alpha level of <0.05 at a 95% confidence interval using SPSS version 25. Results: Out of 423 recipients on care interviewed, 85% were in maintenance phase, and 13% in action phase. The correlates of behaviors of RoC were HIV diagnosis and on ART for over a year (p<0.001), residing in rural settings (p<0.001), and those in clinically stable DSD models (p<0.001). Over 87% of those in maintenance phase were adherent to ART, however, this was not statistically significant (p=0.21). Conclusions: Almost all the RoC were in good behavior and majority of them were adherent to ART. The factors associated with behavior of recipients of care were those diagnosed and on ART for over a year, residing in rural settings, and those in clinically stable differentiated service delivery (DSD) models. Interventions that utilize stage of change model to scale up the self-care of RoC particularly among those in the urban settings is highly imperative.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"2008 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria N. N. Nepembe, Taimi Amakali-Nauiseb, Olivia Emvula
{"title":"Perceptions of undergraduate student nurses on e-learning at University of Namibia Main Campus, Windhoek: a lesson learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Maria N. N. Nepembe, Taimi Amakali-Nauiseb, Olivia Emvula","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233484","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to explore and describe the perceptions of second year nursing degree student’s academic performance through e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic at University of Namibia Main Campus, Windhoek. A qualitative research design was adopted and a total number of sixteen (16) second-year nursing students were interviewed. An interview guide, an audio recorder and field notes were used as the data collection instruments. Convenience, purposive sampling was employed. Key themes which emerged from the study were: Student nurse’s perceptions regarding their e-learning experience; Student nurse’s perceptions regarding the availability of studying and learning resources such as gadgets and internet, Student nurses’ perceptions of the e-learning environment. The study revealed that student nurses during e-learning were negatively affected by many factors, such as lack of electronic resources (laptops, smart phones), low phone storage to download big files, slow internet connections/poor network coverage for telecom network (TN) in some areas, limited internet data (TN mobile 10 GB) provided by the institution monthly, limited time to complete online assessment, less effort from lecturers (dropping notes on the forum and not teaching compared to face-to-face learning), workload at home doing house chores and not excused for online lessons, living in remote areas with no electricity, cheating of students during online tests and assessments. The study recommends an increased in the amount of internet for telecom network (TN mobile) data provided monthly by the institution, lecturers to give sufficient time to complete online tests and assessments, and to develop a system that detects cheating.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obesity: the silent pandemic","authors":"Ekjot Kaur, Prabhjeet Kaur","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233505","url":null,"abstract":"The overall prevalence of obesity worldwide has approximately tripled between 1975 and 2016. In 2016, 13% of the world’s population aged 18 and above (11% men, 15% women), were found to be obese.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"139 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tasha Siame, Kaampwe Muzandu, Andrew Kataba, Ethel M’Kandawire
{"title":"Comparative determination of human health risks associated with consumption of groundwater contaminated with lead in selected areas surrounding the former lead mine in Kabwe and non-mining areas in Lusaka, Zambia","authors":"Tasha Siame, Kaampwe Muzandu, Andrew Kataba, Ethel M’Kandawire","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233434","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study focused on addressing health risks attributed to lead (Pb) contamination in groundwater, prompted by its known connection to negative health outcomes. It investigated the extent of Pb exposure through groundwater consumption near areas surrounding the former lead mine in Kabwe and non-mining areas in Lusaka, Zambia. The study compared the health risks of consuming Pb-contaminated groundwater in Kabwe's mining vicinity and Lusaka's non-mining areas. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study collected 61 borehole samples from both areas and analyzed Pb levels using atomic absorption spectrometry. Health risks were evaluated via estimated daily intakes (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and target cancer risk (TCR) assessments. Statistical analysis employed the Mann-Whitney U test due to non-normal data distribution. Results: Pb concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.05) in mining areas (median=0.131 mg/l) than in non-mining areas (median=0.071 mg/l). Alarmingly, 91% of mining and 74% of non-mining samples exceeded world health organization limits. Particularly, EDIs for adults and children from mining areas exceeded recommended intakes. However, THQs were <1, indicating no immediate adverse health effects. Equally important, TCRs fell within USEPA's acceptable range, suggesting negligible cancer risk associated with Pb exposure. Conclusions: The elevated EDIs in both mining and certain non-mining areas suggest potentially toxic health effects. Notably, the THQ values below 1 imply no immediate health risks. TCRs within acceptable limits underscore a minimal cancer risk. As a result, addressing elevated Pb levels in groundwater is critical in both study areas to mitigate potential health effects associated with Pb exposure.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Barriers to access healthcare among the elderly population in rural regions of India","authors":"Ilham Zaidi, Twinkle Sharma, Shikhar Chaudhary, Ayesha Alam, Sahifa Anjum, Jagadeeswari Vardha","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233498","url":null,"abstract":"Aging care is critical. Hence, the best-known newly developed technologies must be provided to the older population. This paper explains the need for mapping of strategies that must address preventive and promotional care and sickness management, empowering geriatric services, and guaranteeing optimal rehabilitation for the elderly population of India. Databases considered to carry out the literature review was Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. Scientific articles published in English were only considered. Apart from scientific articles, government report, and newspaper articles, were also reviewed. Data was managed in Mendeley software. Articles based on elderly residing in urban populations and other age groups were excluded from the study. There are multiple barriers between the elderly beneficiaries and the healthcare services which stop the utilization of healthcare services. It can be demographic, aging, geographic, economic, accessibility, psychological, housing, transportation, medical, and social. Financial security is the top reason for not availing of healthcare services, followed by the perception that the ailment is not serious enough. The second reason was the unavailability of accessible healthcare facilities. Therefore, elderly people residing in rural regions, are more prone to varying diseases and are vulnerable to health inequity among other age groups in India. Considering the projected demography, it will only get worse until there is an intervention and feasible infrastructure, healthcare facilities, and services are provided in collaboration with local stakeholders and program monitors.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"8 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lalita D. Hiremath, Nidhi Sharma, Sudeepa D., H. R. Shivaramakrishna, Nandkishor Warbhe, Ashwini Lonimath, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja
{"title":"Practices and challenges in implementing tuberculosis program at medical colleges in Karnataka, India","authors":"Lalita D. Hiremath, Nidhi Sharma, Sudeepa D., H. R. Shivaramakrishna, Nandkishor Warbhe, Ashwini Lonimath, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233464","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study aimed to evaluate the implementation status of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) at medical colleges in Karnataka, India, and identify the challenges encountered by the medical college core committee members. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 14 medical colleges in 2019-20, using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on various NTEP components. Results: The implementation status of NTEP activities was categorized as adequate, partially adequate, or inadequate. Results showed that certain activities such as TB notification, DMC infrastructure, TB-HIV coordination, and the formation of the NTEP core committee were adequately implemented. However, challenges such as work overload, lack of dedicated manpower, and salary constraints were encountered. Conclusions: Overall, the medical colleges involved in the study were actively implementing NTEP, but there is still room for improvement to fully optimize the implementation.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and analysis of working posture using rapid entire body assessment tool amongst the sewing machine operators in a garment industry: a cross sectional study","authors":"Bosmia Kavita Kiritkumar, Pitchai Pothiraj","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233483","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are emerging problems and it occurs when there is a mismatch between the physical requirements of the job and the physical capacity of the human body. Study aimed to find out the prevalence of WMSDs, the influence of varied working posture and level of physical activity (PA) for the development of WMSDs amongst the sewing machine operators. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and conducted in a garment industry at Vapi, Gujrat. By purposive sampling technique, 100 sewing machine operators having minimum one year of experience, in the age group of 18-60 years were recruited with their consent. Örebro Musculoskeletal pain questionnaire (ÖMPQ), Rapid Entire Body Assessment tool (REBA), Quick Exposure Check tool (QEC) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was administered to all the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24 software. Descriptive statistics applied for categorical variables, Spearman Rank correlation coefficient (r) was calculated for the relationship between PA and WMSDs. Results: This study revealed the prevalence of WMSDs as 70% and low back pain was the commonest complaint. REBA demonstrated that 55% of participants were at high musculoskeletal risk and 44% were at very high risk. QEC identified that neck region had very high exposure risk for the development of WMSDs. The level of PA shows no association with WMSDs (r = 0.040, p=0.62). Conclusions: Sewing machine operators of this study adopted a poor working posture which corresponds to the development of high musculoskeletal risk and an increased prevalence of WMSDs.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"41 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaishali Prabhu, A. Srividya, Suresh T., Praveena Babu
{"title":"An insight into attitude about usage of ICT by teachers in school for hearing impaired","authors":"Vaishali Prabhu, A. Srividya, Suresh T., Praveena Babu","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233469","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education is the mode of education that depends on digital medium of information transfer for delivery of course content and related learning experiences. Its focus is on utilization of different technologies in order to support, enhance, and optimise the delivery of information. ICT can be used in many ways to help both the students and the teachers gain knowledge on a particular topic/subject. The present study was inclined to look into the attitude of teacher for the hearing impaired towards usage of ICT in classrooms. Methods: Questionnaire which consists of attitude of teachers towards ICT. The questionnaire used for this study was adopted and modified from the original questionnaire designed by Gulbahar and Guven (2008), Ghavifekr and Athirah (2015) that is considered suitable for this research. Descriptive statistics was carried out for analyzing the data in SPSS version 20.0. Results: For all the questions framed to elicit positive opinions, the median values were either 4 i.e. agree is the common response of all the judges. For questions framed to elicit the common response is either disagree or strongly disagree. The responses of the judges suggest that they consider ICT to be helpful for teaching-learning of hearing impaired children. Conclusions: The study was able to demonstrate that ICT tools have gained popularity among the teachers of hearing impaired included in the study.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mannaa K. Aldowsari, Ayman M. Sulimany, Saad S. Bin Saleh, Modhi Alhussain, Daniyah Alsuhaibani, Wasayef Alwasil, Hebah M. Hamdan
{"title":"The effect of COVID-19 on dental treatment under conscious sedation in children: a retrospective study at Dental University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Mannaa K. Aldowsari, Ayman M. Sulimany, Saad S. Bin Saleh, Modhi Alhussain, Daniyah Alsuhaibani, Wasayef Alwasil, Hebah M. Hamdan","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233437","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of cases and types of dental procedures performed under conscious sedation for children at Dental University Hospital (DUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during the period between 2019-2021. Methods: This retrospective chart review study used digital and paper records for data collection. The sample was comprised of children aged 3 to 11 years of age who received dental treatment under conscious sedation from 2019 to 2021 at DUH. Descriptive statistics were presented, and negative binomial regression analysis was performed to assess the difference in the number of performed procedures by different academic year. Results: Two hundred and twenty-seven subjects had dental treatment under conscious sedation from 2019 to 2021. Most of the sample were Saudi (88.5%) and classified as ASA I (97.8%). The number of sedation cases were almost 55% lower than the number of cases that were done in 2020 and almost 62% lower than the cases that were performed in 2019. There was a significant decrease in the pulp therapy and preventive procedures (p=0.03, and p=0.02, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found in other procedures. Conclusions: There was a considerably huge decrease in the number of cases treated under conscious sedation as an effect of the pandemic. Pulp therapy and preventive procedures were the most affected. Our findings indicate the need to establish a protocol for delivering dental care while ensuring the safety of the patients in such difficult situations.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"2004 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Divya Sawhney, N. K. Goel, Savita Prashar, Kirtan Rana
{"title":"Preparedness and perception of pandemics among medical students","authors":"Divya Sawhney, N. K. Goel, Savita Prashar, Kirtan Rana","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233465","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infectious diseases continue to pose a serious threat to public health as pandemic or epidemic. Good knowledge about the emerging diseases and perception about the severity of disease is important to control these situations. The current study was undertaken to assess the preparedness of medical students in terms of level of knowledge, perception and willingness to volunteer during pandemics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 medical students using simple random sampling method. A self-structured and validated questionnaire was used to collect data which was then analyzed using frequencies, mean, t-test, Chi square test and ANOVA. Results: The overall knowledge scores among majority (59.8%) students belonged to ‘very good’ category while 7.5% obtained ‘unsatisfactory’ scores. Mean scores for knowledge were significantly different in different stratified groups. One third participants were stressful during earlier pandemic. 68.5% strongly stated that being healthy and prior vaccination were important factor for preparedness and willingness to volunteer. Besides personal protective equipment (PPE), separate accommodation and transportation for volunteering duration and psychological support are other crucial factors. Conclusions: Majority of the students in the study displayed adequate preparedness in terms of knowledge, awareness and willingness during the recent pandemics. However, the level of risk perception was evident. By imparting good knowledge and prior training about the pandemic, preventive strategies, tackling stress and identifying and addressing other relevant issues, medical college students can prove to be an asset for facing a pandemic like situation in our country.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"2012 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}