International journal of community medicine and public health最新文献

{"title":"An overview of analgesic methodologies in orthodontics","authors":"Jamal M. Alqahtani, Sarah A. Alzaid, Omar A. Aldhaban, Elaf D. Alshdokhe, Saleh A. Alhellal, Yazeed R. Alotaibi, Hassan A. Alyami, Salman S. Albalawi, Hassan M. Alharthi, Maram M. Hakami, Atheer A. Alblowi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233525","url":null,"abstract":"Orthodontic treatments aim to enhance teeth functionality and aesthetics through various methods like permanent, removable, and functional appliances. These interventions may involve teeth removal, surgical procedures for alignment, and even jaw position adjustments. The treatment typically starts with the placement of an orthodontic device, followed by periodic adjustments. One major concern for patients is the associated pain, directly linked to the applied force. Various devices influence pain intensity, with fixed devices being more painful. Pain peaks after certain adjustments, like placing separators, and is attributed to decreased blood flow due to brace-induced force. Pain is the primary reason some patients consider discontinuing treatment. Pain management involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, including the promising but still under-researched low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and light emitting diodes (LEDs). Dietary changes also play a role during treatment due to pain. Proper nutrition and oral hygiene guidance are essential from orthodontists and general dentists.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"17 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135391836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding in children with cleft lip and palate and its effect on surgical outcomes","authors":"Alabbas Abdulghani Jar, Adel Shabib Alotaibi, Hussain Ali Alqahtani, Ghaida Ali Alshaqaqeq, Hosam Ibraheem Alandanoosi, Sultan Rubayan Alsulami, Latifa Abdulrahman Alosaimi, Awatef Sliman Alyahya, Musab Abdullah Alsulami, Abdulrhman Awad Almohammadi, Saud Obaid Aljaghthami","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233522","url":null,"abstract":"Breastfeeding is a fundamental aspect of infant nutrition and development. However, children born with cleft lip and palate face unique challenges in breastfeeding due to structural anomalies in their facial and oral regions. This study explores the intricate landscape of CLP, covering its epidemiology, complex etiology involving genetic and environmental factors, and the specific challenges breastfeeding children with CLP and their mothers encounter. This review emphasizes the critical role of surgical interventions in CLP management, discussing the timing, techniques, and outcomes of these procedures. While surgical repair of CLP can enhance breastfeeding outcomes, it may also introduce temporary complications, including feeding difficulties, pain, and discomfort. Addressing these challenges requires a multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare professionals, specialized feeding equipment, emotional support, and targeted interventions. Moreover, the emotional well-being of mothers of infants with CLP is highlighted as an essential component of breastfeeding success. Maternal stress and emotional distress can hinder breastfeeding, emphasizing the importance of emotional support and counseling services. Successful breastfeeding in children with CLP is achievable with the right strategies and support systems, like comprehensive care, which acknowledges the complexity of CLP and emphasizes the need for a collaborative healthcare approach to ensure that children with CLP receive optimal nutrition and care during their critical early developmental stages.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"16 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135391839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approach to diagnosis and treatment to urologic emergencies","authors":"Fahad Ahmed Alzahrani, Hatim Osama Alhelali, Khalid Itran Alismail, Khaled Soud Alraddadi, Mohammed Saeed Alghamdi, Khalid Hassan Alzhrani, Muhammad Abdulrahman Alahmadi, Bader Abdullah Alzahrani, Saleh Ali Alshehri, Nourhan Sulaiman Basyouni, Jawad Najeeb Almarzooq","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233515","url":null,"abstract":"Acute urinary retention, which is an emergency presents a significant challenge, for healthcare providers especially among elderly men. This condition often leads to dysfunction and genital pain causing distress and anxiety for those affected. The likelihood of experiencing acute urinary retention increases with age, with men in their 70s facing a 10% risk that escalates to, over 30% in their 80s. Dealing with both dysfunction and acute pain adds complexity to the clinical management of these cases. This summary highlights the role played by emergency physicians in the management of this troubling urologic emergency. The initial approach involves conducting an evaluation that includes assessing medical history performing physical examinations and conducting relevant diagnostic tests. Promptly identifying the causes, which can range from prostatic hyperplasia and urethral strictures to infections or neurogenic conditions is crucial. Pain relief is an immediate concern, prompting the administration of analgesics to alleviate patient discomfort. Concurrently, urinary catheterization, skillfully performed by the emergency physician, effectively resolves the urinary obstruction, providing substantial relief. Referral to urologists ensures a comprehensive etiological assessment and the formulation of an individualized management plan. In summary, effectively managing retention, with associated erectile dysfunction and genital pain, requires a collaborative effort between emergency physicians and urological specialists. By identifying the cause, providing skilled pain management and expertly performing urinary catheterization emergency physicians play a crucial role in relieving patient discomfort.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"17 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral manifestations found among illicit drugs users","authors":"Nizar Abdulaziz Alghamdi, Ahmad Daifallah Alghamdi, Sanad Safir Alotaibi, Turki Abdullah Alzahrani, Nouf Saeed Albeshri, Nahar Nasar Albarakati, Ali Jelan Najei","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233514","url":null,"abstract":"Illicit drug use is an intricate challenge that currently affects an individual's health and overall well-being. This review study provides insight into the availability of information regarding the examination of the signs, treatment approaches, and broader consequences related to health problems among individuals who use drugs. The clinical indicators of drug consumption on oral health encompass issues such as dry mouth (xerostomia), gum problems, teeth grinding (bruxism), and dental cavities. These manifestations contribute to immediate discomfort and elevate the risk of long-term dental complications, underscoring the pressing need for intervention and care. Effective management strategies involve a comprehensive approach, incorporating preventive measures, timely treatment, and a compassionate understanding of the unique challenges faced by drug users. Preventive efforts, such as education and regular dental check-ups, serve as critical components in mitigating the clinical manifestations. Treatment strategies, including restorative procedures and periodontal therapy, play a pivotal role in addressing immediate oral health concerns. However, the management of oral health issues extends beyond the dental chair. Acknowledging the hurdles faced by individuals who use drugs, including economic factors and social prejudice, underscores the significance of adopting a comprehensive approach to providing support and assistance. Integrating oral health services with substance abuse treatment presents a promising avenue for comprehensive healthcare. This collaborative approach addresses oral health issues and acknowledges the bidirectional relationship between substance abuse and oral health. In summary, it is essential to comprehend the relationship between illicit drug use and oral health. By implementing management strategies, we can potentially reduce suffering, improve quality of life, and enhance health for individuals affected by substance abuse. This holistic approach emphasizes the significance of acknowledging and addressing these population’s health requirements within a broader healthcare framework.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross sectional study to assess the general health status of immune compromised people at selected art center, Gadag district","authors":"Shivanand Savatagi, Stephen John, Dileep S. Natekar, Suma S. Kumachagi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233478","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the realm of health and wellbeing, the cursed part is illness. Times elapsed, the health problems and challenges evolved constantly. In 1980s the first case of HIV was reported and according to world health organization 36.9 million people worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS. Life of people living with HIV/AIDS is challenging as opportunistic infections and their life style keeps their health status dynamic. The present study was done to assess and identify the level of general health status of immuno-compromised people at selected ART center, Gadag, Karnataka. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on assessment of general health status of PLHIV using standard general health questionnaire-28 at ART center, GIMS, Gadag from May 2022 to December 2022. Total 300 samples were chosen using purposive sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was done using version SPSS 20.0. Results: The majority 90% (270) respondents were in state of distress or caseness and10% (30) of respondents were in state of wellbeing or no caseness. Conclusions: our study concluded thatoverall general health status of PLHIV swung towards state of distress, the main reason for this being inaccessibility of health care services & disruption in availability and accessibility of ART services","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"2004 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is adherence to antiretroviral therapy by recipients of HIV care and treatment receiving care in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria determined by their behaviors? A cross-sectional study","authors":"Ime Usanga, Remi Abiola Oladigbolu, Emem Xavier, Donald Akpenna, Usen Daniel, Adewale Akinjeji, Irene Esu, Prince Obinna Anyanwu, Abah Ehiowoicho Peter, Chinyerem Immanuel, Adetunji Adedokun, Valentine Nnamdi Nnanna, Claire Majekodunmi, David Iniama Ekpenyong, Friday Abbah, Mmenyene-Abasi Udom, Janet Olude, Henry Afamefune Nwafejeokwu, David Orojo","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233426","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There has been limited use of stage of change model in scaling up self-care for optimal adherence to ART. The study aimed to assess the pattern of behavior and its associated factors among recipients of care (RoC) receiving treatment in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 RoC between August and October 2022. The pattern of behavior of RoC was determined using descriptive statistics, and factors associated with behavior were assessed using chi-square analysis and subsequently binary logistic regression at an alpha level of <0.05 at a 95% confidence interval using SPSS version 25. Results: Out of 423 recipients on care interviewed, 85% were in maintenance phase, and 13% in action phase. The correlates of behaviors of RoC were HIV diagnosis and on ART for over a year (p<0.001), residing in rural settings (p<0.001), and those in clinically stable DSD models (p<0.001). Over 87% of those in maintenance phase were adherent to ART, however, this was not statistically significant (p=0.21). Conclusions: Almost all the RoC were in good behavior and majority of them were adherent to ART. The factors associated with behavior of recipients of care were those diagnosed and on ART for over a year, residing in rural settings, and those in clinically stable differentiated service delivery (DSD) models. Interventions that utilize stage of change model to scale up the self-care of RoC particularly among those in the urban settings is highly imperative.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"2008 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of undergraduate student nurses on e-learning at University of Namibia Main Campus, Windhoek: a lesson learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Maria N. N. Nepembe, Taimi Amakali-Nauiseb, Olivia Emvula","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233484","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to explore and describe the perceptions of second year nursing degree student’s academic performance through e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic at University of Namibia Main Campus, Windhoek. A qualitative research design was adopted and a total number of sixteen (16) second-year nursing students were interviewed. An interview guide, an audio recorder and field notes were used as the data collection instruments. Convenience, purposive sampling was employed. Key themes which emerged from the study were: Student nurse’s perceptions regarding their e-learning experience; Student nurse’s perceptions regarding the availability of studying and learning resources such as gadgets and internet, Student nurses’ perceptions of the e-learning environment. The study revealed that student nurses during e-learning were negatively affected by many factors, such as lack of electronic resources (laptops, smart phones), low phone storage to download big files, slow internet connections/poor network coverage for telecom network (TN) in some areas, limited internet data (TN mobile 10 GB) provided by the institution monthly, limited time to complete online assessment, less effort from lecturers (dropping notes on the forum and not teaching compared to face-to-face learning), workload at home doing house chores and not excused for online lessons, living in remote areas with no electricity, cheating of students during online tests and assessments. The study recommends an increased in the amount of internet for telecom network (TN mobile) data provided monthly by the institution, lecturers to give sufficient time to complete online tests and assessments, and to develop a system that detects cheating.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity: the silent pandemic","authors":"Ekjot Kaur, Prabhjeet Kaur","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233505","url":null,"abstract":"The overall prevalence of obesity worldwide has approximately tripled between 1975 and 2016. In 2016, 13% of the world’s population aged 18 and above (11% men, 15% women), were found to be obese.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"139 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative determination of human health risks associated with consumption of groundwater contaminated with lead in selected areas surrounding the former lead mine in Kabwe and non-mining areas in Lusaka, Zambia","authors":"Tasha Siame, Kaampwe Muzandu, Andrew Kataba, Ethel M’Kandawire","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233434","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study focused on addressing health risks attributed to lead (Pb) contamination in groundwater, prompted by its known connection to negative health outcomes. It investigated the extent of Pb exposure through groundwater consumption near areas surrounding the former lead mine in Kabwe and non-mining areas in Lusaka, Zambia. The study compared the health risks of consuming Pb-contaminated groundwater in Kabwe's mining vicinity and Lusaka's non-mining areas. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study collected 61 borehole samples from both areas and analyzed Pb levels using atomic absorption spectrometry. Health risks were evaluated via estimated daily intakes (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and target cancer risk (TCR) assessments. Statistical analysis employed the Mann-Whitney U test due to non-normal data distribution. Results: Pb concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.05) in mining areas (median=0.131 mg/l) than in non-mining areas (median=0.071 mg/l). Alarmingly, 91% of mining and 74% of non-mining samples exceeded world health organization limits. Particularly, EDIs for adults and children from mining areas exceeded recommended intakes. However, THQs were <1, indicating no immediate adverse health effects. Equally important, TCRs fell within USEPA's acceptable range, suggesting negligible cancer risk associated with Pb exposure. Conclusions: The elevated EDIs in both mining and certain non-mining areas suggest potentially toxic health effects. Notably, the THQ values below 1 imply no immediate health risks. TCRs within acceptable limits underscore a minimal cancer risk. As a result, addressing elevated Pb levels in groundwater is critical in both study areas to mitigate potential health effects associated with Pb exposure.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to access healthcare among the elderly population in rural regions of India","authors":"Ilham Zaidi, Twinkle Sharma, Shikhar Chaudhary, Ayesha Alam, Sahifa Anjum, Jagadeeswari Vardha","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233498","url":null,"abstract":"Aging care is critical. Hence, the best-known newly developed technologies must be provided to the older population. This paper explains the need for mapping of strategies that must address preventive and promotional care and sickness management, empowering geriatric services, and guaranteeing optimal rehabilitation for the elderly population of India. Databases considered to carry out the literature review was Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. Scientific articles published in English were only considered. Apart from scientific articles, government report, and newspaper articles, were also reviewed. Data was managed in Mendeley software. Articles based on elderly residing in urban populations and other age groups were excluded from the study. There are multiple barriers between the elderly beneficiaries and the healthcare services which stop the utilization of healthcare services. It can be demographic, aging, geographic, economic, accessibility, psychological, housing, transportation, medical, and social. Financial security is the top reason for not availing of healthcare services, followed by the perception that the ailment is not serious enough. The second reason was the unavailability of accessible healthcare facilities. Therefore, elderly people residing in rural regions, are more prone to varying diseases and are vulnerable to health inequity among other age groups in India. Considering the projected demography, it will only get worse until there is an intervention and feasible infrastructure, healthcare facilities, and services are provided in collaboration with local stakeholders and program monitors.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"8 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}