International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science最新文献

{"title":"Bacterial Contamination of Hospital Equipments in Two Tertiary Health Facilities in Central Nigeria and Their Corresponding Susceptibility to Antimicrobial Agents","authors":"Adamu Muktar Owuna, Owuna Jibril Egwu, Y. Hajara, Azamu Ibaku Gowon","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190502.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190502.13","url":null,"abstract":"Hospital is a major avenue for the spread of infectious diseases known as nosocomial infections. This study investigated the bacteria that colonize hospital equipments at the Federal Medical Centre and Nasarawa State University Clinic Keffi. Swab samples of different hospital equipments were collected and examined using standard microbiological techniques. Cultural features indicates the presence of the following bacteria; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter spp. The mean bacterial load from NSUK clinic equipments (×104cfu/ml) were 0.32, 0.18, 0.19 and 0.1 for total viable, total coliform, total fecal coliform and staphylococcus aureus count respectively, while the mean bacterial load in FMC (×104cfu/ml) was 1.254, 0.347 and 0.283 for total viable count, coliform count and faecal coliform count accordingly. Frequency of occurrence of the bacteria isolates in FMC is in the order: Escherichia coli (50.0%)>Enterobacter spp. (30.0%)>Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. (20.0%)>Staphylococcus aureus (0.0%); while that of NSUK clinic is in the order: Escherichia coli (50.0%)>Pseudomonas spp. (30.0%)>Staphylococcus aureus (10.0%), while Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. were not isolated at NSUK clinic. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the bacteria showed Pseudomonas spp. to be completely susceptible to Augmentin, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol and Ciprofloxacin (100.0% each), while E. coli showed some degree of susceptibility to Streptomycin (44.4%), Ciprofloxacin and Perfloxacin (33.3%), Gentamicin and Sparfloxacin (22.2%), Augmentin, Ofloxacin, Septrin and Chloramphenicol (11.1%), but completely resistant to Amoxicillin. Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. were resistant to all the antibiotics tested, except for Streptomycin which they displayed high susceptibility of 100.0% and 66.7% for Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be resistant completely against all the antibiotics tested. Hence, it is pertinent to embrace hand hygiene so as to minimize the risk of acquiring nosocomial infections due to contaminated hospital equipments.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84631561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Evaluation of the Anti-scavenging and Anthelmintic Activities of Artocarpus heterophyllus LAM Leaves (Moraceae) in the Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"Lengbiye Moke Emmanuel, K. Ngbolua, L. M. Messi, Mbembo-Wa-Mbembo Blaise, G. Bongo, Mutwale Kapepula Paulin, Ngombe Kabamba Nadège, J. N. Mbing, D. E. Pegnyemb, P. Mpiana","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190502.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190502.11","url":null,"abstract":"The extracts of Arthocarpus heterophyllus Lam. leaves were evaluated in vitro for their anthelmintic activity. Benhamia rosea and B. itoleisis were used as animal models and Albendazole as reference product (positive control). After calculating the yield, it appears that the ethanol extracts had given a better yield (0.70%) compared to the organic extracts. The result of the phytochemical screening by TLC (thin layer chromatography) showed the presence of phenolic compounds including anthocyanins, coumarins, anthraquinones, phenol acids and terpenoids. From this study, it appears that A. heterophyllus Lam. contains various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids (2.63±0.007mg EQ/100g MS), phenolic acids, coumarins, anthraquinones, terpenoids and anthocyanins (10.46±1.05 mg/100 MS) and total polyphenols (27.33±9.34 mg EAG/100 g MS). The organic/terpenic acids extract showed very high antioxidant activity against the ABTS radical (IC50: 0.97 ± 0.13 µg/ml). The ethanolic and organic acid extracts from the leaves of this plant species have an anthelminthic activity, but this activity is dose dependent. However, at the lowest concentration (0.625 mg/mL), ethanolic extract showed better activity with a paralysis time of 67.3±1.8 minutes compared to 76±2.1 minutes for the organic extract. But the mortality rate at the lowest concentration was higher for organic extracts, at 62.7% compared to 33.3% for ethanol extracts. It is therefore desirable to test bioactive extracts on gastrointestinal parasites of farm animals in order to confirm the results obtained. Ongoing in-depth phytochemical studies will identify the chemical compound (s) and active principle (s) for the formulation of anthelminthic phytomedicine for managing pathologies due to helminthes in farm animals.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91091130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recordings of Impedance and Communication Between Defibrillator and Pacemaker Electrodes","authors":"A. Jarløv, A. Jarløv, T. Jensen","doi":"10.4018/IJBCE.2019070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJBCE.2019070103","url":null,"abstract":"External defibrillation involves short electric shocks of several thousand volts applied to the chest of patients suffering from heart stop. The shock coordinates disorganized muscle fibers of the heart which then can resume normal activity. Implanted pacemakers monitor the natural electrical activity of the heart via electrodes mounted permanently on the inside of the heart. If this activity is insufficient, the pacemaker stimulates the heart muscle by applying a short electrical impulse of a few volts. During the period of defibrillation, voltage differences arise simultaneously between various locations of the body preventing recordings of the heart's natural activity. In order to quantify parameters determining voltage and current in a conductive medium or in a myocardium when defibrillator and pacemaker electrodes are present simultaneously, impedances between electrodes positioned on conductive materials were recorded in laboratory set ups, and the methods were tested using a porcine heart in vitro.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72775126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Primitive Survey on Ultrasonic Imaging-Oriented Segmentation Techniques for Detection of Fetal Cardiac Chambers","authors":"V. P. Prabha, N. Sriraam","doi":"10.4018/IJBCE.2019070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJBCE.2019070104","url":null,"abstract":"Recognition of presence of fetal cardiac chambers through ultrasonic Doppler imaging poses a huge challenge for the clinical community. The four-chamber view and outflow tracts are found to be a potential identity marker for presence of all heart chambers as well as current states of fetal heart. Given the cine loop ultrasonic imaging sequences, computer-aided diagnostic tools have been developed to detect and measures the chambers through automated mode. Segmentation and region of interest identification process contribute significantly towards the presence of heart chamber and presence of abnormality. This study provides a primitive survey towards the ultrasonic imaging-oriented segmentation techniques for detection/recognition of all four fetal cardiac chambers. The challenges for the biomedical community were also reported.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72564510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accessible Interface for Context Awareness in Mobile Devices for Users With Memory Impairment","authors":"Iyad Abu Doush, Sanaa Jarrah","doi":"10.4018/IJBCE.2019070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJBCE.2019070101","url":null,"abstract":"Memory problems usually appear because of aging or may happen because of a brain injury. Such problems prevent the person from performing daily activities. In this paper, the authors propose a framework to develop a smartphone solution to detect and recognize the user context. In order to build the context detection framework, the authors compare three different machine learning techniques (C.4.5, random, and BFTree) in terms of context detection accuracy. Then, the authors use the classification technique with the highest accuracy in a mobile application to help users by detecting their context. The authors develop two interfaces based on the suggested accessibility features for users with memory impairment. Two scenarios are used to evaluate the user interface, and the results prove the applicability and the usability of the proposed context detection framework.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82345412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Developing Cardiac Signals Recording Framework (CARDIF) Using a Reconfigurable Real-Time Embedded Processor","authors":"Uma Arun, N. Sriraam","doi":"10.4018/IJBCE.2019070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJBCE.2019070102","url":null,"abstract":"Due to recent developments in technology, there is a significant growth in healthcare monitoring systems. The most widely monitored human physiological parameters is electrocardiogram (ECG) which is useful for inferring the physiological state of humans. Most of the existing multi-channel ECG acquisition systems were not accessible in resource-constrained settings. This research study proposes a cardiac signal recording framework (CARDIF) using a reconfigurable input-output real-time embedded processor by employing a virtual instrumentation platform. The signal acquisition was configured using Lab VIEW virtual instrumentation block sets. A graphical user interface (GUI) was developed for real-time data acquisition and visualization. The time domain heart rate variability (HRV) statistics were calculated using CARDIF, and the same were compared with a clinical grade 12-channel ECG system. The quality of the acquired signals obtained from the proposed and standard systems was measured and compared by calculating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The proposed CARDIF was evaluated qualitatively by visual inspection by a clinician and quantitatively by fidelity measures and vital parameters estimation. The results are quite promising and can be extended for clinical validations.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88899972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Education Level Protects European Americans but Not African Americans Against Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: National Health Interview Survey.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Hamid Chalian, Mohsen Bazargan","doi":"10.11648/j.ijbecs.20190502.12","DOIUrl":"10.11648/j.ijbecs.20190502.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Education level reduces the risk of chronic diseases (CDs), including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Minorities' Diminished Returns, however, refer to smaller health benefits of socioeconomic position (SEP) improvement for racial and ethnic minorities compared to majority groups. It is not known if MDRs exist for the effects of education level on COPD for African Americans (AAs), relative to European Americans (EAs).</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Using a nationally representative sample, the current study explored racial and ethnic variation in the association between education level and COPD among American adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data came from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS 2015), a national survey. A total of 25,488 adults (18+ years old) were included in the study. From this number, 4,533 (17.8%) were AAs and 20,955 (82.2%) were EAs. Education level was the independent variable. Outcome was COPD. Age, gender, and income were the covariates. Race/ethnicity was the moderator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, education level was inversely associated with the odds of COPD. A statistically significant interaction was found between race/ethnicity and education level on odds of COPD, indicating smaller effect of education for AAs compared to EAs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In line with the Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs), highly educated AAs remained at high risk for COPD, a pattern which is not observed for EAs. Policies that exclusively address racial/ethnic inequalities in SEP may not be enough for eliminating racial/ethnic inequalities in COPD in the US. Public policies must go beyond equalizing SEP and address structural and environmental barriers that disproportionately increase risk of COPD in AAs across SEP levels. Future research should test if residential segregation and exposure to air pollutants contributes to high prevalence of COPD in highly educated AAs. Research is needed on multi-level interventions that may minimize MDR-related health disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"5 2","pages":"16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6800655/pdf/nihms-1052572.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9349933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVEL IN SHORE SEDIMENT SAMPLES FROM NASSER LAKE AT ASWAN, EGYPT","authors":"A. Taleb, A. Abbady, S. Harb","doi":"10.5121/IJBES.2019.6101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/IJBES.2019.6101","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty shore sediment samples taken from the side beach of Lake Nasser in south Arab Republic of Egypt to measuring the terrestrial radionuclides radium-226, thorium-232 and potassium-40 and its associated hazard indices. The activity concentration of natural radionuclides 226Ra,232Th and 40k in shore sediments samples under investigation are ranged from 1.92±0.077 to 17.55±0.676 Bqkg-1 with average value of 5.02±0.194 Bqkg-1, 5.62±0.281 to 28.77±1.441 Bqkg-1 with average value of 13.15±0.641 Bqkg-1 and 123.27±10.604 to 277.38±23.861 Bqkg-1 with average value of 200.26±17.054 Bqkg-1respectively .The radiation hazard indices which resulting from the presence of natural radionuclides in shore sediment samples were calculated and the obtained results indicate that the values of radium equivalent activity varies from 21.85 to 80.04 Bq/kg with average value of 39.25 Bq/kg, representative level index Iɣr varies from 0.16 to 0.58 with average value of 0.29.Absorbed dose rate varies from 10.63 to 37.541 nGy.h−1 with the average value of 18.83 nGy.h−1 . External hazard index Hix varies from 0.059 to 0.216 with average value of 0.105, internal hazard index Hin varies from 0.070 to 0.263 with average value of 0.119, annual outdoor effective dose varied from 0.013 to 0.046 mSvy-1 with average values 0.023 mSvy-1andThe indoor effective dose ranged from 0.052 to 0.184 mSvy-1, with average values 0.092 mSvy-1.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86733824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tools and Considerations to Develop the Blueprint for the Next Generation of Clinical Care Technology","authors":"C. Riha","doi":"10.4018/IJBCE.2019010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJBCE.2019010101","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a brief historical look at the genesis and evolution of clinical information systems. Based upon this historical background and the expertise of the authors, which encompasses, clinical, IT/cybersecurity, clinical engineering, as well as quality control expertise the article provides a roadmap for the next generation of clinical information systems. This next generation will not only provide consulting services to physicians via computer clinical decision support systems, but also the ability to perform autonomous and semi-autonomous care at the bedside via interfaces to medical devices (e.g. ventilators and infusion pumps), as well as auto ordering protocols.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74813350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elimination of Power Line Interference in ECG Signal Using Adaptive Filter, Notch Filter and Discrete Wavelet Transform Techniques","authors":"Srinivasa M.G., Pandian P.S.","doi":"10.4018/ijbce.2019010103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijbce.2019010103","url":null,"abstract":"An ECG is a biomedical non-stationary signal, which contains valuable information about the electrical activity of the heart. The ECG is very sensitive and a weak signal, hence, it gets corrupted by various types of noise such as power line interference, baseline wander, motion artifacts, muscle contractions, electrode contact noise, etc., that may lead to a misdiagnosis. Among these noise parameters the power line interference is very crucial because noise falls in the ECG bandwidth, i.e. 0.05 Hz to 100 Hz. The article proposes the removal of power line interference (PLI) noise in an ECG signal based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and adaptive filtering techniques. The results are compared with the existing notch filter both in time and frequency domain by filter performance parameters like ESD, MSE %PSD and SNR.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89743666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}