Advances in Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Audit of quality indicators of cytology: An institutional study","authors":"Snigdha Sinha, Subhashis Das, R. Kalyani","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_99_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_99_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: At present, clinical laboratories play a vital role in diagnosing and providing quality treatment. Various quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA), including the pre-analytical and post-analytical variables, were taken into consideration for the internal quality indicators in the department of cytopathology of our institution. The aim of this study is to evaluate the importance of QC and QA parameters in the routine work of the cytopathology laboratory. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study of 24 months duration. A total of 15,520 were evaluated for quality parameters. Results: A total of 15,520 cytology cases were evaluated. The cyto-histo correlation, non-conformities, TAT, Repeats and redo's, critical value, quality of staining and revised report rate were noted and identified with relevant statistical analysis. Conclusion: Routine QC and QA will ensure better diagnostic services and promote accreditation of laboratory activities.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"124 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49629228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of cell block versus aspiration cytology","authors":"Nikhil Chaudhary, Subhashis Das, Snigdha Sinha","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_98_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_98_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has certain disadvantages despite being the most commonly used procedure in the initial diagnosis of any swelling. In such cases, a cell block (CB) study can be a valuable adjunct to smears for establishing a more definitive cytopathological diagnosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of CB with FNAC and to compare the findings of the CB and FNAC with histopathology as the gold standard. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of pathology at our institute. All the cystic/solid lesions sent for fine-needle aspiration, which yielded sufficient material for the CB, were studied along with detailed clinical history. Results: Out of 66 cases of FNAC and CB, 35 cases were sent for histopathology. The mean age of the patients was 41.36 years, and female patients were more in number (73%). Benign lesions (71.4%) were more than malignant ones (29.6%). The CB section had more thyroid lesions (31%). The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was found to be 94.28%, while that of CB was 97.14%. Conclusion: Although FNAC is the first line of investigation for mass lesions, and still, to make the best possible use of an aspirate, smears should be used together with CB preparation to provide the best possible morphological and histological diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"130 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43002521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effects of midazolam, dexamethasone, ondansetron and propofol on the prevention and control of opioid-induced pruritus after spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine combined with fentanyl in femoral fracture surgery","authors":"H. Modir, Esmail Moshiri, Mehran Azami, Amirreza Modir","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_45_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_45_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study set out to compare the effects of midazolam, dexamethasone, ondansetron and propofol on the prevention and control of opioid-induced pruritus after spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl as adjuvants in femoral fracture surgery. Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 136 patients who were scheduled for orthopaedic surgery in Valiasr Hospital of Arak. The patients were randomly divided into four groups (ondansetron, midazolam, dexamethasone and propofol) with a block randomisation pattern. Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, the incidence of pruritus, nausea, vomiting and sedation level were monitored and recorded intraoperatively and postoperatively in recovery and every 2 h until 12 h postoperatively. Data were then analysed with SPSS 20. Results: From 10 min to 60 min, blood pressure was lower in the midazolam group, while it was lower in the propofol group from 60 min to 105 min. In general, blood pressure in the midazolam group was lower than that in the other groups (P = 0.001). Furthermore, pruritus was observed less in the midazolam group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Sedation level was higher in the midazolam group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Midazolam reduced pruritus and increased sedation in patients. On the other hand, a decrease in blood pressure was observed in the midazolam group, which did not require any special treatment. According to the results of the present study, after midazolam, propofol and dexamethasone, and finally ondansetron, respectively, were effective in controlling pruritus after spinal anaesthesia, but the efficacy and effectiveness of midazolam were higher than that in the other groups. As such, this drug is recommended to be used in such procedures. Of course, it should be mentioned that the final decision depends on the patients' physical conditions and the anaesthesiologist's discretion.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"73 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46340149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of total and soluble fluoride content in commercial dentifrices and mouthwashes available in the Indian market: An in vitro study","authors":"Akanksha Keswani, P. Thakkar, A. Mansata, Jill Shah, Anil Patel, Kena Shah","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_63_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_63_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dental caries is the most common dental problem across the globe. Due to the increase in the use of refined sugars and lack of fluoride exposure, dental caries is becoming a serious issue for public health. The present study was conducted to determine the total fluoride (TF) concentration and soluble fluoride concentration in different dentifrices and mouthwashes available in the Indian market. Materials and Methods: Ion-specific electrode and fluoride ion metre were used to determine the soluble fluoride, as well as the TF concentration of seven dentifrices and five mouthwashes, and the findings were recorded in particle per million of fluoride. Descriptive statistic was used, and mean ± standard deviation of TF and soluble fluoride content of dentifrices and mouthwashes were reported. Results: Nine samples contained sodium fluoride and three samples contained sodium monofluorophosphate Na MFP as the fluoride compound. The TF and soluble fluoride levels showed variations from the fluoride concentration mentioned on the packaging. Conclusions: This study found that the concentration of total soluble fluoride and TF was lower than the fluoride level mentioned on the packaging.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"92 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48849367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective assessment of bonded fixed lingual retainers: A questionnaire survey","authors":"N. Kulkarni, V. Shah","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_122_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_122_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to assess the patients' subjective assessment of bonded fixed lingual retainers after completion of active orthodontic treatment. Objective: A questionnaire comprising 11 questions evaluated the patients' experience with bonded fixed lingual retainer. Materials and Methods: The content was validated by a group of seven experienced orthodontists. The questionnaire survey was run using Google Forms, responded by 45 (50.6%) males and 44 (49.4%) females between the ages ranging from 19 to 42 years. Their responses were rated on a Visual Analogue Scale as applicable. Cronbach's alpha test was utilised for assessing the reliability, and the Chi-square test was used for the quantitative variables. Results: 33.7% of individuals were most comfortable, and 2.2% had severe discomfort during retainer placement. 6.6% of individuals had severe difficulty maintaining oral hygiene in the upper arch and 4.4% in lower teeth and gums, respectively. 2.2% had severe difficulty in speech. 85.4% had no tongue ulceration. 37.1% of respondents had a very good overall experience with fixed bonded lingual retainer, 59.5% had mild problems and only 1.1% had severe problems with a very bad experience. Conclusions: The study concluded that the overall experience of respondents with fixed lingual bonded retainer had mild problems. It was comfortable for most of the patients in maintaining oral hygiene with mild difficulty in speech and chewing. The cause of failure of the retainer was mainly due to bond failure or broken wire in the retainer.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"30 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46033673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To evaluate and compare the microtensile bond strength of dentine with the use of two-step and one-step adhesives: An ex vivo study","authors":"Niharika Patel, Aruna Kanaparthy, Rosaiah Kanaparthy","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_10_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_10_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the evolving world of adhesive dentistry, there has always been controversy regarding the adhesive system to be used for superior clinical performance, and clinicians often find themselves in a dilemma with so many products on the market. It, therefore, becomes necessary to know the various properties of different adhesive systems and their comparative analysis. Materials and Methods: Thirty, intact, non-carious and unrestored human mandibular premolars, which were extracted for orthodontic purposes were taken for the study. Teeth were divided into two groups A and B having 15 teeth in each group. The inclusion criteria were that the teeth should be non-carious, unrestored and should have been extracted for orthodontic purposes. Excluded teeth were those with caries, restorations, attrition, cracks and developmental defects. The teeth were embedded in resin, occlusal enamel was removed and the teeth were restored with composite resin using two different approaches for bonding. Teeth of Group A were bonded using single bond and teeth of Group B were bonded using Clearfil S3 Bond and were then sectioned to produce beams with an approximate cross-sectional area of 4 mm × 4 mm. These sections were mounted to a custom acrylic jig and subjected to microtensile bond strength testing using a universal testing machine with a cross head speed of 1 mm/min and stressed to de-bonding of the composite resin from the tooth. Results: Data were subjected to statistical analysis and evaluated using the analysis of variance test and Tukey's test which showed that single bond or two-step adhesive showed higher microtensile bond strength to dentine. Conclusion: The two-step single bond performed better than the one-step Clearfil S3, but the result was statistically non-significant.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"53 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41579141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation and parental and child satisfaction with restoration of primary teeth using zirconia and stainless steel crowns: A randomised clinical study","authors":"Rohan Bhatt, D. Shah, Megha Patel, Srushti Khurana","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_43_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_43_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Full-coronal restoration is the choice of treatment for restoring pulpally treated tooth or tooth with multiple surface involvement. In paediatric dentistry, semi-permanent stainless steel crowns (SSCs) are considered gold standard, but with increasing need of aesthetics, zirconia crowns have started gaining importance. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the clinical performance of SSCs and zirconia crowns and to compare the child satisfaction and parental ratings of impact of treatment using these preformed crowns. Materials and Methodology: This study was a part of randomised controlled trial performed on 60 children of 4–8 years old. The primary molars were cemented with either SSCs or zirconia crowns and were evaluated clinically at baseline, 6-month and 12-month follow-up for crown retention, crown fracture, gingival and debris index, wear, marginal integrity and recurrent caries. The trials also evaluated parental satisfaction and child satisfaction based on five-point Likert scale at the end of 12-month follow-up. The data were analysed using Chi-square test for categorical data and independent sample t-test for quantitative data. Results: Both the crowns were 100% retentive at 12-month follow-up. Fair debris score and mild gingivitis were reported in 3% with SSC at 6–12 months. One zirconia crown fractured at 12 months. Fifty-four per cent of parents in zirconia and 57% in SSC stated that the crowns improved masticatory function. Children reported a mean Likert score of 3.0 for SSC and 4.89 for zirconia which was highly significant. Conclusion: Both the crowns increased the overall health of crowned tooth and were fully retentive for the studied duration. However, zirconia crowns were more gingival friendly and had an edge over SSC in terms of aesthetics.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"61 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44236268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood tuberculosis - An emerging health challenge for Bangladesh","authors":"K. Chowdhury, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_171_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_171_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45003443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity and overweight: A global public health issue","authors":"Mushtahid Salam, R. Yousuf, Mushtahid Salam, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_106_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_106_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"154 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44837669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity, cardiometabolic syndrome and bariatric surgery","authors":"Mainul Haque, Susmita Sinha, Mahendra Narwaria","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_109_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_109_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}