Advances in Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"A 20-year study of fatal pressure on the neck in autopsied cases at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center","authors":"N. Razak, Faridah Nor, Mohamed Shafie, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_62_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_62_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fatal neck pressure may arise from hanging, ligature strangulation and manual strangulation. The analysis aimed to evaluate the demographic profiles of deadly neck pressure concerning ligature material, its position on the neck and the pattern of neck injuries with the manner of death in autopsied cases at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC). Materials and Methods: A 20-year retrospective analysis was conducted at UKMMC, where 287 cases were sampled; out of which 267 cases were suicidal hanging, and four were accidental hanging. Only 11 cases of ligature strangulation and five cases were due to manual strangulation. The details were obtained from the autopsy report and IBM SPSS Statistics 28 analysis. Results: This study showed that 210 (73.2%) males and 77 (26. 8%) females with a ratio of 2.7:1 had died of fatal neck pressure. Male dominance (74.5%) was displayed in suicidal hanging, and there was no sex difference in ligature and/or manual strangulation. Ligature and manual strangulation were common in the younger age group. Accidental strangulation in young adults was most probably due to auto-erotic asphyxia. In this study, the youngest was 1 year, while the oldest was 85 years. The most common ligature used in suicidal hanging and homicidal ligature strangulation was hard material. The most typical pattern of the neck finding was facial congestion (71.1%), followed by petechial haemorrhages, neck muscle contusion, hyoid bone fracture, thyroid cartilage fracture and carotid injury (1.7%). Conclusion: Forensic pathologists' experience and autopsy techniques are fundamental in explaining the injury pattern and its correlation with fatality.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"281 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48075175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross sectional study of quality of sleep, burnouts, anxiety and depression in rotatory shift workers of sir T Hospital Bhavnagar","authors":"Dimple Gupta, Ashok Vala, Abhinav Ankur, Chirag Ambaliya, K. Unadkat, B. Panchal","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_200_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_200_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Rotatory shift work is quite prevalent in the general population. The knowledge that effect does not depend on a single cause, but rather, diseases are multifactorial in origin, resulting in widespread interest towards the preventive aspect and focussing on the causative factors that directly or indirectly influence the health and well-being of shift workers. Materials and Methods: We analysed data from an observational, cross-sectional, single-centred, interview-based study of a total of 100 shift workers working in Sir T Hospital in Bhavnagar conducted from July 2020 to December 2021. The study was performed via face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. We used the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep quality. To diagnose depression, anxiety and burnout, we used the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI), respectively. Statistical data were analysed using R software version 4.0.5 (R Development Core Team, Vienna, Austria). Results: A total of 100 participants were interviewed. The respondents are almost symmetric in terms of male and female, married and unmarried and rural and urban residence. The mean age of our sample is 36.98 ± 9.37 years. Around 15% of participants showed moderate/severe levels of depression (18%) and moderate/severe levels of anxiety (9%) using HAM-D and HAM-A, respectively. Using CBI subscales, 27% of respondents showed personal burnout, 54% showed work-related burnout and 20% showed client-related burnout. Sleep quality was poor among shift workers (45%) using the PSQI scale. Significant positive correlations are found between HAM D and personal burnout (r = 0.206, P = 0.040), work burnout with personal burnout (r = 0.243, P = 0.015) and client burnout (r = 0.246, P = 0.013). Furthermore, personal and client burnout shows a positive correlation (r = 0.271, P = 0.006). Although these correlations are still significant, they indicate low positive nature of the relationship between such variables. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, burnout and poor sleep quality was high. The effect on shift work mental health is multifaceted, dealing with several aspects of personal characteristics and working and living conditions. Further research is needed to support the mental well-being of shift workers and minimise workplace-related psychiatric disorders by developing short- and long-term strategies.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"252 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48882005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence and progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus: A matter of global concern","authors":"Rahnuma Ahmad, M. Narwaria, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_65_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_65_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"232 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45691214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of immunomorphological patterns in metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients","authors":"Nileshwariba Jadeja, Neelampari Parikh, C. Nandini","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Metastasis in oral epidermoid carcinoma oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can occur differently. Lymph nodes and lymphatics which drain the tumour site, serve as the most common pathway for metastasis. Lymph nodes serve as a marker of the immune status of the patient, which in response to a metastatic event, may facilitate or resist the homing of tumour cells. This host immune response is identified by examining various immunoreactive patterns in the lymph node. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 cases of OSCC underwent radical neck dissection and were assessed for grading of tumour histology, immunomorphological patterns (IMPs) in metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes as well as the pattern of tumour involvement in positive lymph nodes. All the lymph nodes were histologically evaluated and were grouped as metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes, showing four different patterns lymphocyte predominance (LP) pattern, germinal centre predominance (GCP) pattern, sinus histiocytosis (SH) pattern and lymphocyte depleted pattern. Metastatic positive nodes were further evaluated for the pattern of tumour cell invasion within the lymph node. Results: A total number of 1167 lymph nodes were histologically evaluated. Out of all, 239 lymph nodes were positive for metastasis and 928 were non-metastatic nodes. The most frequently encountered lymph node pattern was of LP (854 nodes), followed by GCP (157 nodes), SH (120 nodes) and lymphocyte depleted (36 nodes), respectively. Out of 1167, 239 nodes were positive for metastasis, indicating that as the stage advances, the GCP type predominates (the predominant IMP shifts from LP to GCP), so that facilitating or favouring metastasis. Moreover, the most common pattern seen in metastatic deposits observed was islands/sheets followed by strands/cords. Conclusion: IMPs of regional lymph nodes of OSCCs seem to be an essential factor in serving as a prognostic indicator. Whereas the cell-mediated immune response represented by LP and SH resist the metastasis process, the humoral reflected by GCP favours metastasis.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"261 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46242828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An insight into aesthetic insecurity related to malocclusion amongst tribal adolescents and extent of orthodontic awareness","authors":"U. Digumarthi, R. Prakash, Hemanth S Egalapati, Manojna Sanapala","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_3_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_3_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adolescence is a period of affirmation of certain beliefs, including those related to the perception of one's aesthetics as related to what is perceived to be the standard norm within a community. Certain aspects of clinically ascertained malocclusion by a practitioner may, in fact, be aspects not considered an issue by the adolescent. Of interest was the evaluation of aesthetic insecurity amongst a group of school-going tribal adolescents with no access to orthodontic treatment and hence no prior history of orthodontic treatments within the community. Materials and Methods: 2016 tribal adolescents belonging to the Revenue divisions of Paderu (Visakhapatnam), in the age group of 13–19 years, with normal growth and development, who had no nutritional deficiencies, metabolic disorders or craniofacial anomalies, were enrolled in this study. Necessary permissions and consent were obtained from the parents or guardians, the school and tribal authorities and the institutional ethical clearance committee. The orthodontic screening was performed under natural daylight in compliance with infection prevention protocol. The students were categorised into those with either ideal occlusion or Angle's Class I, II and III malocclusions. A 'simplified malocclusion index for layperson evaluation' (SMILE) index was verbally assigned in Telugu, the vernacular language, during the orthodontic screening interaction. Aesthetic insecurity noted amongst the responses was subjected to a Chi-square statistical analysis to determine gender bias. Results: Thirty-two per cent of the tribal adolescents screened at Paderu (Visakhapatnam) presented with ideal occlusion and sixty-eight per cent with malocclusion. The verbally assigned SMILE index revealed that 78.24% of the boys and 81.85% of the girls exhibited orthodontic awareness. The percentage distribution of aesthetic insecurity had the boys at 19.04% and the girls at 31.86%. The Chi-square statistical analysis of this data revealed a gender bias (X2 [1, N = 1371] =4.44, P = 0.034). Conclusion: Aesthetic insecurity negatively impacts the perceived oral health-related quality of life. The use of the SMILE index proposed by the authors in this study allows for a candid assessment of any such insecurity and an assessment of orthodontic awareness and perceived treatment needs without the individual feeling coerced. The study results reveal a good level of orthodontic awareness with a statically significant gender bias of aesthetic insecurity.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"267 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46577813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer effects of gingerol, shogaol and curcumin in cervical cancer: A systematic review protocol","authors":"Unwaniah Rahim, Nur Aishah Che Roos, Marami Mustapa, Armania Nurdin, Nursiati Taridi, Yasmin Mohd Yusof","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_222_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_222_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cervical cancer has accounted for the top-four cancer incidences occurring among females worldwide. Despite the availability of anticancer drugs as one of its treatment modalities, they are not without adverse effects. It has come to researchers' attention that natural bioactive compounds have anticancer properties, as reported in many pre-clinical studies. Materials and Methods: This systematic review protocol conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols-P guideline and Population, Intervention, Comparison Outcome and Study framework. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect, will be searched from inception until May 2022 for articles published in English. Only studies that investigate the effects of curcumin, gingerol, shogaol and/or their combination in human cervical cancer cell lines and/or rodent animal models implanted with cervical cancer xenografts will be included. A customised risk-of-bias tool (RoB) and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's RoB will be used to assess the quality of in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively. Where appropriate, a meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan version 5.4. Conclusions: Findings obtained from this review may be used as valuable evidence to guide and direct future studies pertaining chemopreventive effects of bioactive compounds in cervical cancer. This protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022334940).","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"246 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48695639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scoping review of the relationship between salivary cortisol and depression","authors":"M. Saghiri, Dhruvi Desai, Julia Vakhnovetsky, Elham Samadi","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_217_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_217_22","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety and depression are some of the most common mental disorders associated with a dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and elevated cortisol levels in the saliva. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize all of the current information about the relationship between salivary cortisol and depression as well as address some of the shortcomings in prior research to explore its potential applications in diagnosing depression. In late July 2022, records from 2012-2022 were identified using Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Unique abstracts were screened using the following criteria: (1) depression and saliva; (2) anxiety and saliva; (3) age and salivary cortisol and depression; (4) sex and salivary cortisol and depression. 4,869 records were identified across all three databases; resulting in 90 unique abstracts. 11 articles met all inclusion criteria. On balance, most studies associated the dysregulation of the HPA with depression and anxiety disorders, with a cofactor being the cortisol awakening response. Several studies also presented sex and age-related differences in salivary cortisol measures. However, there were several inconsistencies with some studies showing no age and/or sex-related differences. Furthermore, several studies also emphasized the importance of testing morning salivary cortisol as an effective method to diagnose depression and anxiety disorders. The oral microbiome may play a role in mental health disorders through changes in inflammation and cortisol levels in saliva. Our review contributes to the existing literature on the topic, highlighting gaps and strategizing the next steps.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"238 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43073087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varicocele embolisation effects on improving fertility: A meta-analysis","authors":"M. Bhuta, Deepansh Gupta, Sanjit Gogoi, K. Prudhvinath, Chandrakanta Kar, S. Khurana","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_20_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_20_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Varicocele is characterised by abnormal dilation and enlargement of scrotal venous pampiniform plexus which drains blood from testicles. It is a commonly identified cause of male infertility where twisted and enlarged veins are observed in the spermatic cord. The present meta-analysis aimed at evaluating effects of varicocele embolisation (VE) on improving fertility in infertile or sub-fertile men by analysing sperm parameters. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of existing English literature was conducted to identify studies on changes in sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm morphology, sperm vitality, total motile sperm count, and FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) outcomes in patients undergoing VE procedures for the treatment of varicocele. These studies included Randomised Control Trials (RCTs), non-randomised clinical trials, comparative studies, and retrospective and prospective reviews. RevMan (Review Manager v5.4.1) software was used for statistical analysis with a random effects model to determine the standard mean difference. Quality assessment of all studies was performed using risk of bias assessment with RevMan software. Results: A total of 14 relevant studies describing effects of varicocele embolisation on sperm parameters were identified. Statistical analyses for sperm morphology, sperm vitality, and FSH level were insignificant. The effect of VE on sperm concentration, sperm motility, and total motile sperm count was found to be insignificant as per the pooled results of analysis. Conclusion: Present meta-analysis shows effectiveness of VE in improving sperm parameters considered in this study. However, high-quality RCTs with larger sample size are necessary to reach statistically significant and definitive conclusions about varicocele embolisation in improving fertility.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"285 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42398790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Level of copper in unstimulated saliva and its impact on dental caries amongst different dentition: A in vivo comparative analysis","authors":"Anmol Mathur, A. Mathur, Manish Jain, D. Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_84_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_84_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The role of trace elements towards dental caries was a topic of interest, with the only trace element of choice as fluoride, but further research has not seriously been considered. Materials and Methods: Children were divided into two groups according to their age and were further stratified into two categories, each depending on their caries status low- and high-caries group. Unstimulated saliva was collected and evaluated three times to assess each selected individual's copper concentration. Results: The mean salivary copper levels are associated with a higher concentration amongst the low-caries group of children from 3 to 5 and 12 to 14 years (0.54 and 0.52), respectively. Conclusions: The study presents an inverse association of copper concentration with caries.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"23 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49292782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of phlebotomy quality metrics: An effective tool for quality patient care","authors":"Aiswarya Unnithan, Subhashish Das, K. Raju","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_201_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_201_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Contrary to popular belief, phlebotomy is not just about venipuncture. Still, it is much more than that as phlebotomy is considered a natural face of any laboratory that provides vital support for complete diagnostic services. Quality in laboratory results significantly impacts the diagnosis and management of patients since about 80% of all medical decisions are based on laboratory results. Quality indicators (QIs) are known to analyse the performance of laboratories and monitoring of QIs leads to finding areas that need improvement. QIs are qualitative or quantitative information associated with an event, process or result put under observation, which can evaluate the changes over time. It is also able to verify achievement by comparing it with set criteria. Materials and Methods: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate QIs from January 2017 to date undertaken to evaluate the following quality parameters: (a) incompletely filled requisition forms (RFs), (b) wrongly labeled samples, (c) haemolysed samples, (d) clotted samples, (e) turnaround time estimation and (f) topographical errors. These indicators were captured daily and analysed monthly, and appropriate remedial steps were taken. Results: A total of 315,250 samples were received during the study period. In the pre-analytical phase, incomplete RFs 3783 (1.2%) was the poorest QI, followed by haemolysis 2522 (0.8%) samples. Conclusion: Continuous monitoring of QIs not only helps provide error-free services but also helps qualitative improvement of diagnosis services along with better patient care.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"80 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45413847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}