Intelligent medicine最新文献

{"title":"Transformers in medical image analysis","authors":"Kelei He ,&nbsp;Chen Gan ,&nbsp;Zhuoyuan Li ,&nbsp;Islem Rekik ,&nbsp;Zihao Yin ,&nbsp;Wen Ji ,&nbsp;Yang Gao ,&nbsp;Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Junfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Dinggang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.imed.2022.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imed.2022.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transformers have dominated the field of natural language processing and have recently made an impact in the area of computer vision. In the field of medical image analysis, transformers have also been successfully used in to full-stack clinical applications, including image synthesis/reconstruction, registration, segmentation, detection, and diagnosis. This paper aimed to promote awareness of the applications of transformers in medical image analysis. Specifically, we first provided an overview of the core concepts of the attention mechanism built into transformers and other basic components. Second, we reviewed various transformer architectures tailored for medical image applications and discuss their limitations. Within this review, we investigated key challenges including the use of transformers in different learning paradigms, improving model efficiency, and coupling with other techniques. We hope this review would provide a comprehensive picture of transformers to readers with an interest in medical image analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73400,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 59-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49890747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 pharmacological research trends: a bibliometric analysis","authors":"Yanyan Shi ,&nbsp;Yahan Song ,&nbsp;Zhijun Guo ,&nbsp;Wei Yu ,&nbsp;Huiling Zheng ,&nbsp;Shigang Ding ,&nbsp;Siyan Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.imed.2022.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imed.2022.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is ravaging the world. Many therapies have been explored to treat COVID-19. This report aimed to assess the global research trends for the development of COVID-19 therapies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched the relevant articles on COVID-19 therapies published from January 1, 2020, to May 25, 2022, in the Web of Science Core Collection Database (WOSCC). VOSviewer 1.6.18 software was used to assess data on the countries, institutions, authors, collaborations, keywords, and journals that were most implicated in COVID-19 pharmacological research. The latest research and changing trends in COVID-19-relevant pharmacological research were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After manually eliminating articles that do not meet the requirements, a total of 5,289 studies authored by 32,932 researchers were eventually included in the analyses, which comprised 95 randomized controlled trials. 3,044 (57.6%) studies were published in 2021. The USA conducted the greatest number of studies, followed by China and India. The primary USA collaborators were China and England. The topics covered in the publications included: the general characteristics, the impact on pharmacists’ work, the pharmacological research, broad-spectrum antiviral drug therapy and research, and promising targets or preventive measures, such as vaccine. The temporal diagram revealed that the current research hotspots focused on the vaccine, molecular docking, Mpro, and drug delivery keywords.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Comprehensive bibliometric analysis could aid the rapid identification of the principal research topics, potential collaborators, and the direction of future research. Pharmacological research is critical for the development of therapeutic and preventive COVID-19-associated measures. This study may therefore provide valuable information for eradicating COVID-19.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73400,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9314264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9078559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning in cortical surface-based neuroimage analysis: a systematic review","authors":"Fenqiang Zhao,&nbsp;Zhengwang Wu,&nbsp;Gang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.imed.2022.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imed.2022.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deep learning approaches, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have become the method of choice in the field of medical image analysis over the last few years. This prevalence is attributed to their excellent abilities to learn features in a more effective and efficient manner, not only for 2D/3D images in the Euclidean space, but also for meshes and graphs in non-Euclidean space such as cortical surfaces in neuroimaging analysis field. The brain cerebral cortex is a highly convoluted and thin sheet of gray matter (GM) that is thus typically represented by triangular surface meshes with an intrinsic spherical topology for each hemisphere. Accordingly, novel tailored deep learning methods have been developed for cortical surface-based analysis of neuroimaging data. This paper reviewsed the representative deep learning techniques relevant to cortical surface-based analysis and summarizes recent major contributions to the field. Specifically, we surveyed the use of deep learning techniques for cortical surface reconstruction, registration, parcellation, prediction, and other applications. We concluded by discussing the open challenges, limitations, and potentials of these techniques, and suggested directions for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73400,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 46-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45621487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model simulation on the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant containment in Beijing, China","authors":"Shihao Liang ,&nbsp;Tianhong Jiang ,&nbsp;Zengtao Jiao ,&nbsp;Zhengyuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.imed.2022.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imed.2022.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The Omicron variant of SARS-COV-2 is replacing previously circulating variants around the world in 2022. Sporadic outbreaks of the Omicron variant into China have posed a concern how to properly response to battle against evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Based on the epidemic data from website announced by Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention for the recent outbreak in Beijing from April 22nd to June 8th in 2022, we developed a modified SEPIR model to mathematically simulate the customized dynamic COVID-zero strategy and project transmissions of the Omicron epidemic. To demonstrate the effectiveness of dynamic-changing policies deployment during this outbreak control, we modified the transmission rate into four parts according to policy-changing dates as April 22nd to May 2nd, May 3rd to 11st, May 12th to 21st, May 22nd to June 8th, and we adopted Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to estimate different transmission rate. Then we altered the timing and scaling of these measures used to understand the effectiveness of these policies on the Omicron variant.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The estimated effective reproduction number of four parts were 1.75 (95% CI 1.66–1.85), 0.89 (95% CI 0.79–0.99), 1.15 (95% CI 1.05–1.26) and 0.53 (95% CI 0.48 -0.60), respectively.  In the experiment, we found that till June 8th the cumulative cases would rise to 132,609 (95% CI 59,667–250,639), 73.39 times of observed cumulative cases number 1,807 if no policy were implemented on May 3rd, and would be 3,235 (95% CI 1,909 - 4,954), increased by 79.03% if no policy were implemented on May 22nd. A 3-day delay of the implementation of policies would led to increase of cumulative cases by 58.28% and a 7-day delay would led to increase of cumulative cases by 187.00%. On the other hand, taking control measures 3 or 7 days in advance would result in merely 38.63% or 68.62% reduction of real cumulative cases. And if lockdown implemented 3 days before May 3rd, the cumulative cases would be 289 (95% CI 211–378), reduced by 84%, and the cumulative cases would be 853 (95% CI 578–1,183), reduced by 52.79% if lockdown implemented 3 days after May 3rd.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The dynamic COVID-zero strategy might be able to effectively minimize the scale of the transmission, shorten the epidemic period and reduce the total number of infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73400,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9677562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9079920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning approach for label-free rapid detection and identification of virus using Raman spectra","authors":"Rajath Alexander ,&nbsp;Sheetal Uppal ,&nbsp;Anusree Dey ,&nbsp;Amit Kaushal ,&nbsp;Jyoti Prakash ,&nbsp;Kinshuk Dasgupta","doi":"10.1016/j.imed.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imed.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3><strong>Objective</strong></h3><p>The objective of this study was to develop a robust method for rapid detection and identification of the virus based on Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning approach.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Methods</strong></h3><p>We have used saliva spiked with different bacterial viruses such as P1 Phage, M13 Phage, and Lambda Phage, for demonstrating the utility of this method for virus detection. The Raman spectra collected from a large number of independent samples, each of different phages with and without saliva were used to train a supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) with its hyperparameters optimized by Bayesian optimization. The CNN method was not only able to detect the presence of a phage but was also able to identify the phage type using unprocessed Raman spectra having high noise. In addition, a semi-supervised auto-encoder was utilized for differentiating healthy saliva from saliva spiked with phages thereby making it possible to detect the presence of phages in saliva samples.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Results</strong></h3><p>The CNN could identify the virus with an accuracy of 98.86% based on ten-fold cross-validation, precision of 98.8%, recall of 98.7%, and F1 score of 98.7%. The area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.99. Autoencoder was capable of differentiating healthy saliva from the virus spiked saliva with an accuracy of 99.7% in a semi-supervised manner. Thus, Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning approach was able to directly detect and identify the virus without consuming time for lengthy sample processing.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Conclusion</strong></h3><p>A robust method based on Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning may be capable of detection and identification of the virus even from the signal with low intensity and high noise. This label-free method is fast, sensitive, specific, and cost effective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73400,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 22-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45423753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information technology and artificial intelligence support in management experiences of the pediatric designated hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2022 in Shanghai","authors":"Yu Shi ,&nbsp;Jin Fu ,&nbsp;Mei Zeng ,&nbsp;Yanling Ge ,&nbsp;Xiangshi Wang ,&nbsp;Aimei Xia ,&nbsp;Weijie Shen ,&nbsp;Jiali Wang ,&nbsp;Weiming Chen ,&nbsp;Siyuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.imed.2022.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imed.2022.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3><strong>Objective</strong></h3><p>To describe the information technology and artificial intelligence support in management experiences of the pediatric designated hospital in the wave of COVID-19 in Shanghai.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Methods</strong></h3><p>We retrospectively concluded the management experiences at the largest pediatric designated hospital from March 1st to May 11th in 2022 in Shanghai. We summarized the application of Internet hospital, face recognition technology in outpatient department, critical illness warning system and remote consultation system in the ward and the structed electronic medical record in the inpatient system. We illustrated the role of the information system through the number and prognosis of patients treated.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Results</strong></h3><p>The COVID-19 designated hospitals were built particularly for critical patients requiring high-level medical care, responded quickly and scientifically to prevent and control the epidemic situation. From March 1st to May 11th, 2022, we received and treated 768 children confirmed by positive RT-PCR and treated at our center. In our management, we use Internet Information on the Internet Hospital, face recognition technology in outpatient department, critical illness warning system and remote consultation system in the ward, structed electronic medical record in the inpatient system. No deaths or nosocomial infections occurred. The number of offline outpatient visits dropped, from March to May 2022, 146,106, 48,379, 57,686 respectively. But the outpatient volume on the internet hospital increased significantly (3,347 in March 2022 <em>vs</em>. 372 in March 2021; 4,465 in April 2022 <em>vs</em>. 409 in April 2021; 4,677 in May 2022 <em>vs</em>. 538 in May 2021).</p></div><div><h3><strong>Conclusions</strong></h3><p>Information technology and artificial intelligence has provided significant supports in the management. The system might optimize the admission screening process, increases the communication inside and outside the ward, achieves early detection and diagnosis, timely isolates patients, and timely treatment of various types of children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73400,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9444255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9077907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guide for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2667-1026(23)00016-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2667-1026(23)00016-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73400,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49890713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive cuffless blood pressure and heart rate monitoring using impedance cardiography","authors":"Sudipta Ghosh ,&nbsp;Bhabani Prasad Chattopadhyay ,&nbsp;Ram Mohan Roy ,&nbsp;Jayanta Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Manjunatha Mahadevappa","doi":"10.1016/j.imed.2021.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imed.2021.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring provides additional information about how changes in BP may correlate with daily activities and sleep patterns. Recommendations from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology strongly suggest confirming a diagnosis of hypertension with continuous BP monitoring. Non-invasive and non-intrusive detection of haemodynamic parameters is emerging as a norm, based on self-monitoring wearable medical devices. Researchers have carried out several studies using non-invasive and continuous BP measurements as an alternative to conventional cuff-based measurements. In this work, we proposed a novel method for cuffless estimation of BP using impedance cardiography (ICG).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We conducted a single-centre, cross-sectional study of 104 subjects (of whom 30 were categorized as controls and the remaining 74 as the disease group) at the Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata. The disease group consisted of patients with confirmed coronary artery disease, while the individuals in the control group were deemed to be healthy. All subjects underwent electrocardiogram recording by on-duty doctors in order to determine their health status. A custom-made device based on the principle of impedance plethysmography was designed to record impedance changes due to subjects’ peripheral blood flow. The device was used to record ICG signals. In this study, we developed a novel auto-adaptive algorithm based on ICG signals for non-invasive, cuffless, continuous monitoring of BP and heart rate. Separate mathematical models were developed for all the estimated parameters (BP and heart rate) for both the study groups (control and disease). The developed models were auto-adaptive and did not require subject-specific calibration. Performance indicators including, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, error percentage, standard deviation, and mean difference were used to quantify the performance of the models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ICG signal recorded by the device was used to extract features and compute the augmentation index. The calculated augmentation index values showed strong correlations with systolic BP (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.99&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.05&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), diastolic BP (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.95&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.05&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), and heart rate (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.78&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.05&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). The models were also shown to have a high degree of accuracy for systolic and diastolic BP. Error margins were in the range &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.33&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/","PeriodicalId":73400,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent medicine","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 199-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667102621001194/pdfft?md5=b16ce127324e618d0d7d1de5e97fe5b2&pid=1-s2.0-S2667102621001194-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45789404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert recommendations on collection and annotation of otoscopy images for intelligent medicine","authors":"Yuexin Cai ,&nbsp;Junbo Zeng ,&nbsp;Liping Lan ,&nbsp;Suijun Chen ,&nbsp;Yongkang Ou ,&nbsp;Linqi Zeng ,&nbsp;Qintai Yang ,&nbsp;Peng Li ,&nbsp;Yubin Chen ,&nbsp;Qi Li ,&nbsp;Hongzheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Fan Shu ,&nbsp;Guoping Chen ,&nbsp;Wenben Chen ,&nbsp;Yahan Yang ,&nbsp;Ruiyang Li ,&nbsp;Anqi Yan ,&nbsp;Haotian Lin ,&nbsp;Yiqing Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.imed.2022.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imed.2022.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Middle and outer ear diseases are common otological diseases worldwide. Otoscopy and otoendoscopy examinations are essential first steps in the evaluation of patients with otological diseases. Misdiagnosis often occurs when the doctor lacks experience in interpreting the results of otoscopy or otoendoscopy, leading to delays in treatment or complications. Using deep learning to process otoscopy images and developing otoscopic artificial-intelligence-based decision-making systems will become a significant trend in the future. However, the uneven quality of otoscopy images is among the major obstacles to development of such artificial intelligence systems, and no standardized process for data acquisition, and annotation of otoscopy images in intelligent medicine has yet been fully established. The standards for data storage and data management are unified with those of other specialties and are introduced in detail here. This expert recommendation criterion improved and standardized the collection and annotation procedures for otoscopy images and fills the current gap in otologic intelligent medicine; it would thus lay a solid foundation for the standardized collection, storage, and annotation of otoscopy images and the application of training algorithms, and promote the development of automatic diagnosis and treatment for otological diseases. The full text introduced image collection (including patient preparation, equipment standards, and image storage), image annotation standards, and quality control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73400,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent medicine","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 230-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667102622000043/pdfft?md5=268521b464b77c2b7597c161f801b8bb&pid=1-s2.0-S2667102622000043-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46231264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying data mining techniques to classify patients with suspected hepatitis C virus infection","authors":"Reza Safdari ,&nbsp;Amir Deghatipour ,&nbsp;Marsa Gholamzadeh ,&nbsp;Keivan Maghooli","doi":"10.1016/j.imed.2021.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imed.2021.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3><em><strong>Background</strong></em></h3><p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a high prevalence worldwide, and the progression of the disease can cause irreversible damage to severe liver damage or even death. Therefore, developing prediction models using machine learning techniques is beneficial. This study was conducted to classify suspected patients with HCV infection using different classification models.</p></div><div><h3><em><strong>Methods</strong></em></h3><p>The study was conducted using a dataset derived from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) Machine Learning Repository. Since the HCV dataset was imbalanced, the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) was applied to balance the dataset. After cleaning the dataset, it was divided into training and test data for developing six classification models. These six algorithms included the support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian Naïve Bayes (NB), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm. The Python programming language was used to develop the classifiers. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and other metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed models.</p></div><div><h3><em><strong>Results</strong></em></h3><p>After the evaluation of the models using different metrics, the RF classifier had the best performance among the six methods. The accuracy of the RF classifier was 97.29%. Accordingly, the area under the curve (AUC) for LR, KNN, DT, SVM, Gaussian NB, and RF models were 0.921, 0.963, 0.953, 0.972, 0.896, and 0.998, respectively, RF showing the best predictive performance.</p></div><div><h3><em><strong>Conclusion</strong></em></h3><p>Various machine learning techniques for classifying healthy and unhealthy patients were used in this study. Additionally, the developed models might identify the stage of HCV based on trained data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73400,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent medicine","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 193-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266710262200002X/pdfft?md5=3cfd2b4dfcc0a2de358d480f072ee672&pid=1-s2.0-S266710262200002X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137088991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}