Immuno-oncology technology最新文献

{"title":"Refuel and endure: improving metabolic fitness and efficacy in CAR-T therapy","authors":"I. Munoz, P.A. Beavis, P.K. Darcy, K. Sek","doi":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73352,"journal":{"name":"Immuno-oncology technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149050659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motherhood’s immune legacy reshapes the breast for lasting cancer defence","authors":"P. Savas, B. Virassamy, M. Harris, S. Loi","doi":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101599","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73352,"journal":{"name":"Immuno-oncology technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149050784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviving cancer vaccines in renal cell carcinoma: a new chapter in immunotherapy for kidney cancer","authors":"F.M. Scallo, J.J. Ishizuka, D.A. Braun","doi":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>Checkpoint inhibitors rarely produce durable antitumor immunity in RCC.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>WTA and TAA vaccines were safe and immunogenic but had limited benefit.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Personalized neoantigen vaccines can induce durable T-cell responses.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Key questions: optimal targets, clinical setting, and combination therapies?</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>RCC vaccines should be subtype- and stage-specific with rational TME modulation.</div></span></li></ul></div><div><div>Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains one of the most immunologically responsive solid tumors, yet durable benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is achieved in only a subset of patients. Although ICIs are conventionally thought to primarily act by reinvigoration and expanding preexisting antitumor T-cell responses, their ability to consistently broaden tumor-specific immunity remains limited, highlighting a potential role for therapeutic cancer vaccines in RCC to expand, activate, and diversify tumor-targeting T-cell populations. Vaccine strategies in RCC have evolved from broad autologous whole tumor antigen (WTA) approaches to defined tumor-associated antigen (TAA) platforms and, more recently, personalized neoantigen vaccines enabled by next-generation sequencing. Early WTA vaccines demonstrated feasibility and immunogenicity, particularly in the adjuvant setting, but failed to consistently improve survival in metastatic disease. TAA-directed vaccines targeting Wilms’ tumor 1, survivin, mucin 1, carbonic anhydrase IX, and 5T4 confirmed on-target immune activation but yielded limited clinical benefit. Personalized neoantigen vaccines, particularly in high-risk resected clear cell RCC, have shown robust and durable T-cell responses with encouraging early clinical signals and are being investigated in larger clinical trials. However, vaccine efficacy in RCC is constrained by tumor-intrinsic immune suppression, heterogeneous antigen presentation, and subtype-specific tumor immune microenvironments. Emerging strategies to further modulate immunosuppressive signals from tumor cells and the microenvironment may enhance vaccine responsiveness, particularly in immune-cold subtypes. Future progress will require stage-specific application, improved antigen selection, and rational combinatorial approaches tailored to RCC biology.</div></div><div>Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains one of the most immunologically responsive solid tumors, yet durable benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is achieved in only a subset of patients. Although ICIs are conventionally thought to primarily act by reinvigoration and expanding preexisting antitumor T-cell responses, their ability to consistently broaden tumor-specific immunity remains limited, highlighting a potential role for therapeutic cancer vaccines in RCC to expand, activat","PeriodicalId":73352,"journal":{"name":"Immuno-oncology technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can mRNA vaccines ‘warm up’ cold tumours?","authors":"S. Copling, A. Grippin, S.H. Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101596","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73352,"journal":{"name":"Immuno-oncology technology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149050701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Th17-mediated antitumor immunity in patient-derived organoid and autologous immune cell cocultures predicts response to immunotherapy in head and neck cancer","authors":"P. Meißner ,&nbsp;P. Kaps ,&nbsp;T. Momper ,&nbsp;A. Wolff ,&nbsp;I. Raabe ,&nbsp;D.F. Strueder ,&nbsp;U. Langenkamp ,&nbsp;J. Brandstetter ,&nbsp;C. Junghanss ,&nbsp;A.S. Becker ,&nbsp;A. Zimpfer ,&nbsp;C. Maletzki","doi":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy improves survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), yet only some patients benefit, highlighting the need for early identification of responders and functional evaluation of tumor–immune interactions. We developed an autologous coculture platform combining patient-derived organoids (PDOs) with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to assess immune responses and correlate preclinical findings with clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>PDOs from HNSCC specimens were expanded and cocultured with PBMCs, followed by treatment with ICIs targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), or their combination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PBMCs were enriched for CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells (∼90%) and CD16⁺CD56⁺ natural killer cells, with baseline exhaustion (LAG-3⁺, CTLA-4⁺). T cell–mediated tumor killing occurred in 44% of cases and was accompanied by Th1/Th17 cytokine signatures. ICI treatment modestly shifted T-cell phenotypes, reducing exhaustion (PD-1) and enriching cytolytic subsets (CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺, CD8⁺TOX⁺). Interleukin (IL)-17A emerged as a relevant cytokine, correlating with FasL secretion and suggesting activation of the Fas/FasL axis. High circulating IL-17A levels in treatment-naïve HNSCC patients were associated with improved survival, whereas other cytokines showed no prognostic value. In a noninterventional observational trial, increases in IL-17A positively correlated with favorable ICI responses, indicating its potential as a biomarker. PDO viability decreased in response to ICIs in a patient-specific manner, consistent with cytokine signatures and clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Collectively, this autologous PDO–PBMC coculture platform, combined with longitudinal cytokine profiling, captures patient-specific tumor–immune interactions and interpatient heterogeneity, providing a framework for real-time response prediction, biomarker discovery, and personalized immunotherapy in HNSCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73352,"journal":{"name":"Immuno-oncology technology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148177898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redirecting engineered immune cells using G protein-coupled receptors in cancer therapy","authors":"W. den Hartog ,&nbsp;J. Harwood ,&nbsp;S. Kobold","doi":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cellular therapy, particularly CAR-T cells, has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, these therapies show limited efficacy against solid tumors, in part due to the inefficient trafficking of effector cells to the tumor. This review explores the potential of engineering natural and synthetic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to overcome this migratory hurdle. Chemokine receptors have been the most used GPCR family in this setting. Engineering effector immune cells to express chemokine receptors that match tumor-derived chemokines has been shown to increase their chemotaxis and to improve antitumor efficacy in preclinical models. In addition to improved migration, chemokine receptor engineering can also have additional benefits, such as remodeling of the tumor microenvironment and metabolic rewiring of engineered cells. However, the effectiveness of this approach is limited by the tumor-specific and heterogeneous chemokine milieu. Emerging strategies make use of synthetic GPCRs and could overcome some of these limitations using chemogenetic and optogenetic approaches. Here, mutated GPCRs binding only to specific and orthogonal ligands or light-sensitive channels are used for cell modulation and trafficking. Equipping cells with these synthetic GPCRs allows for precise and stimulus-controlled immune cell migration. Together, natural and synthetic GPCR engineering form promising approaches to enhance immune cell trafficking, persistence, and efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73352,"journal":{"name":"Immuno-oncology technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase I(b) study evaluating the safety and efficacy of intratumoral agonistic anti-CD40 (selicrelumab) in combination with anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) in patients with refractory or relapsed B-cell lymphoma (ITSELF trial)","authors":"N. Alshatti ,&nbsp;F. Lemonnier ,&nbsp;E. Bachy ,&nbsp;J. Lopez ,&nbsp;F. Llamas ,&nbsp;D. Damotte ,&nbsp;B. Burron ,&nbsp;Y. Velut ,&nbsp;C. Mauduit ,&nbsp;M. de Charette ,&nbsp;M. Roussel ,&nbsp;X. Palard ,&nbsp;A. Marabelle ,&nbsp;R. Huot","doi":"10.1016/j.iotech.2025.101077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iotech.2025.101077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy requires pre-existing antitumor immunity. Defective antigen presentation during the priming phase can reduce the generation of tumor-specific T cells, which are necessary during the effector phase and subsequent tumor elimination. We propose an <em>in situ</em> immunization strategy to enhance direct tumor antigen presentation by the lymphoma B cells via cluster of differentiation (CD)40 stimulation in order to sensitize B-cell lymphoma to programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>ITSELF is a multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation phase Ib trial of intratumoral selicrelumab, an agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, every 3 weeks for three cycles in combination with intravenous atezolizumab, an antagonistic anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, at 1200 mg every 3 weeks for three cycles followed by intravenous atezolizumab monotherapy for a total of 12 months in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two patients with follicular lymphoma and two patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were enrolled at the first dose level of 1 mg intratumoral selicrelumab. Those four patients received the three cycles of intratumoral selicrelumab in combination with intravenous atezolizumab. Patients did not develop severe adverse events related to the drugs or the intratumoral procedures. No or low-grade adverse events were reported and related to atezolizumab or to the combination therapy. All patients discontinued the treatment because of disease progression according to Lugano 2014 criteria on their first positron emission tomography scan disease evaluation at the end of cycle 3 (week 9). The trial was stopped prematurely because of issues with selicrelumab drug supply.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The combination of 1 mg of intratumoral selicrelumab and 1200 mg of intravenous atezolizumab was safe for patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma and led to some tumor stabilization or regression, although it did not result in objective tumor response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73352,"journal":{"name":"Immuno-oncology technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of intratumoral immunostimulatory LOAd703 gene therapy combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer","authors":"A. Hahn ,&nbsp;S. Irenaeus ,&nbsp;L.C. Sandin ,&nbsp;J. Wenthe ,&nbsp;E. Eriksson ,&nbsp;J.L. Jarblad ,&nbsp;A. Schiza ,&nbsp;H. Dahlstrand ,&nbsp;U. Olsson-Strömberg ,&nbsp;J. Krause ,&nbsp;A. Sundin ,&nbsp;A. Loskog ,&nbsp;G.J. Ullenhag","doi":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>LOAd703 is a tumor microenvironment (TME) gene-engineering adenovirus encoding the immunostimulatory transgenes trimerized membrane-bound CD40 ligand (CD40L) and 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL). Upon administration in the TME, the transgenes are expressed in various cell types to engage both the tumor and its stroma to activate antitumor immunity. CD40–CD40L interaction causes dendritic cell maturation and stimulates T helper 1-type immune responses, whereas 4-1BB–4-1BBL signaling protects T cells and natural killer cells from activation-induced cell death and promotes lymphocyte proliferation. LOAd703 replication with subsequent oncolysis is restricted to cancer cells.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>In the dose-escalating part of this clinical study (NCT03225989), LOAd703 was increased according to a standard 3 + 3 design in patients with advanced solid malignancies. LOAd703 was administered every 2 weeks by ultrasound-guided intratumoral injections, combined with a standard-of-care or immune-conditioning gemcitabine-based chemotherapy regimen. The primary endpoint was tolerability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three dose levels of LOAd703 were evaluated in 10 patients. Treatment was overall safe and well tolerated. The most common side-effects assessed as secondary to LOAd703 were pyrexia, fatigue and headache. All LOAd703-attributed adverse events were of grade 1-2, and the majority were transient and emerged shortly after administration. One patient developed cytokine release syndrome grade 2. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Median overall survival was 8.4 months, and the overall response rate was 20%. A trend of higher interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plasma levels in the highest LOAd703 dose cohort was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The acceptable toxicity associated with LOAd703 and chemotherapy, combined with signs of clinical benefit in poor prognostic cancer patients, warrant further studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73352,"journal":{"name":"Immuno-oncology technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient mRNA-based CD117 CAR T cells effectively target acute myeloid leukemia in vitro for potential use as a preconditioning strategy","authors":"T. Inthanachai ,&nbsp;C. Sittplangkoon ,&nbsp;H. Tashiro ,&nbsp;S. Yagyu ,&nbsp;T. Palaga ,&nbsp;S. Tawinwung ,&nbsp;K. Suppipat","doi":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iotech.2026.101584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a high-risk malignancy, particularly in patients with primary induction failure or relapsed/refractory disease. CD117 (c-Kit), expressed on both leukemic blasts and normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), represents a potential therapeutic target but poses challenges due to the risk of severe myelotoxicity.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Retrospective flow cytometry analyses of samples from 27 AML patients and AML cell lines were carried out to assess CD117 expression. Second-generation CD117-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells were generated by either retroviral transduction or <em>in vitro</em>-transcribed (IVT) messenger RNA (mRNA) electroporation. The mRNA-based CD117 CAR T cells were evaluated for viability, immunophenotype, cytotoxic activity, and toxicity toward primary HSPCs using clonogenic assays, and compared with retroviral-based counterparts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CD117 was expressed in AML patient samples and cell lines at varying levels. CD117 CAR T cells demonstrated potent and specific cytotoxicity against AML cells. The mRNA-based CAR T cells exhibited high transfection efficiency, good viability, and an immunophenotype similar to non-transduced T cells, and were functionally competent as early as 2 h post-electroporation. In long-term co-culture with a high tumor burden, repeated dosing of mRNA CAR T cells effectively eliminated CD117+ cells, comparable to viral vector-based CAR T cells. Notably, residual mRNA CAR T cells following AML clearance showed no detectable CAR expression and preserved HSPC colony-forming capacity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our <em>in vitro</em> studies suggest the potential use of mRNA CD117 CAR T cells as a non-genotoxic preconditioning strategy for patients with high-risk or refractory AML.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73352,"journal":{"name":"Immuno-oncology technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy in high-risk cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma: post hoc insights from the C-POST and KEYNOTE-630 studies","authors":"S. Cavalieri ,&nbsp;A. Ottini ,&nbsp;C. Bergamini ,&nbsp;S. Alfieri ,&nbsp;I. Nuzzolese ,&nbsp;E. Colombo ,&nbsp;B. Lombardi Stocchetti ,&nbsp;L. Licitra","doi":"10.1016/j.iotech.2025.101557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iotech.2025.101557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC) is cured with surgery with or without radiotherapy in most cases, but patients with high-risk features remain prone to recurrence. Until recently, no systemic adjuvant therapy was available. Recently, two phase III trials assessed post-operative anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1): C-POST (cemiplimab), which met its primary endpoint, and KEYNOTE-630 (pembrolizumab), which did not.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We compared the eligibility criteria and risk definitions of both trials. Published disease-free survival (DFS) curves were digitized, and individual patient data (IPD) were reconstructed with validated algorithms. DFS was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier estimates, log-rank tests, Cox models, and restricted mean survival time. Subgroup analyses considered nodal high-risk patients in the two studies. Hazard ratios (HRs) informed a meta-analysis with the generic inverse variance method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The placebo arms showed no DFS difference. Although no direct comparisons can be made across trials and in spite of the different eligibility criteria of the two studies, cemiplimab achieved superior DFS versus pembrolizumab. Pooling experimental arms confirmed a DFS benefit with PD-1 therapy [HR 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40-0.71]. Cemiplimab (HR 0.36) and pembrolizumab (HR 0.44) consistently reduced recurrence risk in nodal high-risk patients, yielding a combined HR of 0.40 (95% CI 0.26-0.62) with no heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Adjuvant PD-1 blockade significantly improves DFS in high-risk cSCC. With the caveats of indirect comparisons and the pending full publication of one of the two trials, these post hoc findings are hypothesis generating and may help inform the selection of high-risk patients deserving adjuvant therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73352,"journal":{"name":"Immuno-oncology technology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}