Tonghui Lin, Aftab Mohammad, Mikhail G Kolonin, Kristin L Eckel-Mahan
{"title":"Mechanisms and metabolic consequences of adipocyte progenitor replicative senescence.","authors":"Tonghui Lin, Aftab Mohammad, Mikhail G Kolonin, Kristin L Eckel-Mahan","doi":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000046","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, obesity has become a worldwide epidemic. As a result, the importance of adipose tissue (AT) as a metabolically active storage depot for lipids and a key mediator of body-wide metabolism and energy balance has been increasingly recognized. Emerging from the studies of AT in metabolic disease is a recognition of the importance of the adipocyte progenitor cell (APC) population of AT being the gatekeeper of adipocyte function. APCs have the capability to self-renew and undergo adipogenesis to propagate new adipocytes capable of lipid storage, which is important for maintaining a healthy fat pad, devoid of dysfunctional lipid droplet hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis, which is linked to metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. Like other dividing cells, APCs are at risk for undergoing cell senescence, a state of irreversible cell proliferation arrest that occurs under a variety of stress conditions, including DNA damage and telomere attrition. APC proliferation is controlled by a variety of factors, including paracrine and endocrine factors, quality and timing of energy intake, and the circadian clock system. Therefore, alteration in any of the underlying signaling pathways resulting in excessive proliferation of APCs can lead to premature APC senescence. Better understanding of APCs senescence mechanisms will lead to new interventions extending metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73349,"journal":{"name":"Immunometabolism (Cobham (Surrey, England))","volume":"6 3","pages":"e00046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11356692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imaging immunometabolism <i>in situ</i> in live animals.","authors":"Nicole Molnar, Veronika Miskolci","doi":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000044","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunometabolism is a rapidly developing field that holds great promise for diagnostic and therapeutic benefits to human diseases. The field has emerged based on seminal findings from in vitro and ex vivo studies that established the fundamental role of metabolism in immune cell effector functions. Currently, the field is acknowledging the necessity of investigating cellular metabolism within the natural context of biological processes. Examining cells in their native microenvironment is essential not only to reveal cell-intrinsic mechanisms but also to understand how cross-talk between neighboring cells regulates metabolism at the tissue level in a local niche. This necessity is driving innovation and advancement in multiple imaging-based technologies to enable analysis of dynamic intracellular metabolism at the single-cell level, with spatial and temporal resolution. In this review, we tally the currently available imaging-based technologies and explore the emerging methods of Raman and autofluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, which hold significant potential and offer broad applications in the field of immunometabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":73349,"journal":{"name":"Immunometabolism (Cobham (Surrey, England))","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dysfunctional intestinal microvascular endothelial cells: Insights and therapeutic implications in gastrointestinal inflammation.","authors":"Ji Seok Park, Gail A M Cresci","doi":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000043","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal microvascular endothelium plays a crucial role in orchestrating host responses to inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. This review delves into the unique aspects of intestinal microvascular endothelial cells, distinct from those of larger vessels, in mediating leukocyte recruitment, maintaining barrier integrity, and regulating angiogenesis during inflammation. Specifically, their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, where dysregulated endothelial functions contribute to the disease progression, is reviewed. Furthermore, this review discusses the isolation technique for these cells and commonly used adhesion molecules for in vitro and in vivo experiments. In addition, we reviewed the development and therapeutic implications of a biologic agent targeting the interaction between α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub> integrin on T lymphocytes and mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule-1 on gut endothelium. Notably, vedolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub> integrin, has shown promising outcomes in inflammatory bowel diseases and other gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions, including chronic pouchitis, immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis, and acute cellular rejection post-intestinal transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73349,"journal":{"name":"Immunometabolism (Cobham (Surrey, England))","volume":"6 2","pages":"e00043"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11136270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The immunometabolic function of VGLL3 and female-biased autoimmunity.","authors":"Kameron Kennicott, Yun Liang","doi":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000041","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune diseases exhibit a pronounced yet unexplained prevalence among women. Vestigial-like family member 3 (VGLL3), a female-biased factor that promotes autoimmunity, has recently been discovered to assist cells in sensing and adapting to nutritional stress. This role of VGLL3 may confer a selective advantage during the evolution of placental mammals. However, the excessive activation of the VGLL3-mediated energy-sensing pathway can trigger inflammatory cell death and the exposure of self-antigens, leading to the onset of autoimmunity. These observations have raised the intriguing perspective that nutrient sensing serves as a double-edged sword in immune regulation. Mechanistically, VGLL3 intersects with Hippo signaling and activates multiple downstream, immune-associated genes that play roles in metabolic regulation. Understanding the multifaceted roles of VGLL3 in nutrient sensing and immune modulation provides insight into the fundamental question of sexual dimorphism in immunometabolism and sheds light on potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":73349,"journal":{"name":"Immunometabolism (Cobham (Surrey, England))","volume":"6 2","pages":"e00041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11078290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew T Roth, Jennifer A Philips, Pallavi Chandra
{"title":"The role of cholesterol and its oxidation products in tuberculosis pathogenesis.","authors":"Andrew T Roth, Jennifer A Philips, Pallavi Chandra","doi":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000042","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> causes tuberculosis (TB), one of the world's most deadly infections. Lipids play an important role in <i>M. tuberculosis</i> pathogenesis. <i>M. tuberculosis</i> grows intracellularly within lipid-laden macrophages and extracellularly within the cholesterol-rich caseum of necrotic granulomas and pulmonary cavities. Evolved from soil saprophytes that are able to metabolize cholesterol from organic matter in the environment, <i>M. tuberculosis</i> inherited an extensive and highly conserved machinery to metabolize cholesterol. <i>M. tuberculosis</i> uses this machinery to degrade host cholesterol; the products of cholesterol degradation are incorporated into central carbon metabolism and used to generate cell envelope lipids, which play important roles in virulence. The host also modifies cholesterol by enzymatically oxidizing it to a variety of derivatives, collectively called oxysterols, which modulate cholesterol homeostasis and the immune response. Recently, we found that <i>M. tuberculosis</i> converts host cholesterol to an oxidized metabolite, cholestenone, that accumulates in the lungs of individuals with TB. <i>M. tuberculosis</i> encodes cholesterol-modifying enzymes, including a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a putative cholesterol oxidase, and numerous cytochrome P<sub>450</sub> monooxygenases. Here, we review what is known about cholesterol and its oxidation products in the pathogenesis of TB. We consider the possibility that the biological function of cholesterol metabolism by <i>M. tuberculosis</i> extends beyond a nutritional role.</p>","PeriodicalId":73349,"journal":{"name":"Immunometabolism (Cobham (Surrey, England))","volume":"6 2","pages":"e00042"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11060060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolic flux analysis in adipose tissue reprogramming.","authors":"Ashley Medina, Joanne Bruno, José O Alemán","doi":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000039","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States and worldwide and is associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, among other comorbidities. Understanding of the pathology that links overnutrition to these disease processes is ongoing. Adipose tissue is a heterogeneous organ comprised of multiple different cell types and it is likely that dysregulated metabolism within these cell populations disrupts both inter- and intracellular interactions and is a key driver of human disease. In recent years, metabolic flux analysis, which offers a precise quantification of metabolic pathway fluxes in biological systems, has emerged as a candidate strategy for uncovering the metabolic changes that stoke these disease processes. In this mini review, we discuss metabolic flux analysis as an experimental tool, with a specific emphasis on mass spectrometry with isotope tracing as this is the technique most frequently used for metabolic flux analysis in adipocytes. Furthermore, we examine existing literature that uses metabolic flux analysis to further our understanding of adipose tissue biology. Our group has a specific interest in understanding the role of white adipose tissue inflammation in the progression of cardiometabolic disease, as we know that in obesity the accumulation of pro-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages is associated with significant morbidity, so we use this as a paradigm throughout our review for framing the application of these experimental techniques. However, there are many other biological applications to which they can be applied to further understanding of not only adipose tissue biology but also systemic homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73349,"journal":{"name":"Immunometabolism (Cobham (Surrey, England))","volume":"6 1","pages":"e00039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10916752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140061462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Yang, Katina Massad, Eric T Kimchi, Kevin F Staveley-O'Carroll, Guangfu Li
{"title":"Gut microbiota and metabolite interface-mediated hepatic inflammation.","authors":"Ming Yang, Katina Massad, Eric T Kimchi, Kevin F Staveley-O'Carroll, Guangfu Li","doi":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000037","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunologic and metabolic signals regulated by gut microbiota and relevant metabolites mediate bidirectional interaction between the gut and liver. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, due to diet, lifestyle, bile acids, and genetic and environmental factors, can advance the progression of chronic liver disease. Commensal gut bacteria have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on their species and relative abundance in the intestine. Components and metabolites derived from gut microbiota-diet interaction can regulate hepatic innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as liver parenchymal cells, significantly impacting liver inflammation. In this mini review, recent findings of specific bacterial species and metabolites with functions in regulating liver inflammation are first reviewed. In addition, socioeconomic and environmental factors, hormones, and genetics that shape the profile of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites and components with the function of priming or dampening liver inflammation are discussed. Finally, current clinical trials evaluating the factors that manipulate gut microbiota to treat liver inflammation and chronic liver disease are reviewed. Overall, the discussion of microbial and metabolic mediators contributing to liver inflammation will help direct our future studies on liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":73349,"journal":{"name":"Immunometabolism (Cobham (Surrey, England))","volume":"6 1","pages":"e00037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10810350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The emerging role for neutrophil mitochondrial metabolism in lung inflammation.","authors":"Mary E Maldarelli, Michael J Noto","doi":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000036","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances shed light on the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in supporting essential neutrophil functions such as trafficking, NETosis, bacterial killing, and modulating inflammatory responses. Mitochondrial metabolism is now recognized to contribute to a number of lung diseases marked by neutrophilic inflammation, including bacterial pneumonia, acute lung injury, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this mini review, we provide an overview of neutrophil metabolism focusing on the role of mitochondrial programs, discuss select neutrophil effector functions that are directly influenced by mitochondrial metabolism, and present what is known about the role for mitochondrial metabolism in lung diseases marked by neutrophilic inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73349,"journal":{"name":"Immunometabolism (Cobham (Surrey, England))","volume":"6 1","pages":"e00036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10810349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inflammaging and fatty acid oxidation in monocytes and macrophages.","authors":"Victor Kruglov, In Hwa Jang, Christina D Camell","doi":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000038","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fatty acid oxidation (FAO), primarily known as β-oxidation, plays a crucial role in breaking down fatty acids within mitochondria and peroxisomes to produce cellular energy and preventing metabolic dysfunction. Myeloid cells, including macrophages, microglia, and monocytes, rely on FAO to perform essential cellular functions and uphold tissue homeostasis. As individuals age, these cells show signs of inflammaging, a condition that includes a chronic onset of low-grade inflammation and a decline in metabolic function. These lead to changes in fatty acid metabolism and a decline in FAO pathways. Recent studies have shed light on metabolic shifts occurring in macrophages and monocytes during aging, correlating with an altered tissue environment and the onset of inflammaging. This review aims to provide insights into the connection of inflammatory pathways and altered FAO in macrophages and monocytes from older organisms. We describe a model in which there is an extended activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome within macrophages and monocytes. This leads to an increased level of glycolysis, and also promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine production and signaling. As a result, FAO-related enzymes such as 5' AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α are reduced, adding to the escalation of inflammation, accumulation of lipids, and heightened cellular stress. We examine the existing body of literature focused on changes in FAO signaling within macrophages and monocytes and their contribution to the process of inflammaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":73349,"journal":{"name":"Immunometabolism (Cobham (Surrey, England))","volume":"6 1","pages":"e00038"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10798594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of immunometabolism during congenital cytomegalovirus infection.","authors":"Kevin J Zwezdaryk, Amitinder Kaur","doi":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000034","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IN9.0000000000000034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a master manipulator of host metabolic pathways. The impact of CMV metabolic rewiring during congenital CMV on immune function is unknown. CMV infection can directly alter glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation pathways in infected cells. Recent data suggests CMV may alter metabolism in uninfected neighboring cells. In this mini review, we discuss how CMV infection may impact immune function through metabolic pathways. We discuss how immune cells differ between maternal and decidual compartments and how altered immunometabolism may contribute to congenital infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":73349,"journal":{"name":"Immunometabolism (Cobham (Surrey, England))","volume":"5 4","pages":"e00034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10683969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138465526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}