Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)最新文献

{"title":"Characterisation of the neonatal brain using myelin-sensitive magnetisation transfer imaging","authors":"Manuel Blesa Cábez, Kadi Vaher, Elizabeth N. York, Paola Galdi, Gemma Sullivan, David Q. Stoye, Jill Hall, Amy E. Corrigan, Alan J. Quigley, Adam D. Waldman, Mark E. Bastin, Michael J. Thrippleton, James P. Boardman","doi":"10.1162/imag_a_00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/imag_a_00017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A cardinal feature of the encephalopathy of prematurity is dysmaturation of developing white matter and subsequent hypomyelination. Magnetisation transfer imaging (MTI) offers surrogate markers for myelination, including magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) and magnetisation transfer saturation (MTsat). Using data from 105 neonates, we characterise MTR and MTsat in the developing brain and investigate how these markers are affected by gestational age at scan and preterm birth. We explore correlations of the two measures with fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD) and T1w/T2w ratio which are commonly used markers of white matter integrity in early life. We used two complementary analysis methods: voxel-wise analysis across the white matter skeleton, and tract-of-interest analysis across 16 major white matter tracts. We found that MTR and MTsat positively correlate with gestational age at scan. Preterm infants at term-equivalent age had lower values of MTsat in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, while MTR was higher in central white matter regions, the corticospinal tract and the uncinate fasciculus. Correlations of MTI metrics with other MRI parameters revealed that there were moderate positive correlations between T1w/T2w and MTsat and MTR at voxel level, but at tract level FA had stronger positive correlations with these metrics. RD had the strongest correlations with MTI metrics, particularly with MTsat in major white matter tracts. The observed changes in MTI metrics are consistent with an increase in myelin density during early postnatal life, and lower myelination and cellular/axonal density in preterm infants at term-equivalent age compared to term controls. Furthermore, correlations between MTI-derived features and conventional measures from diffusion MRI provide new understanding about the contribution of myelination to non-specific imaging metrics that are often used to characterise early brain development.","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136265494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming harmonic hurdles: Genuine beta-band rhythms vs. contributions of alpha-band waveform shape","authors":"N. Schaworonkow","doi":"10.1162/imag_a_00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/imag_a_00018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Beta-band activity in the human cortex as recorded with noninvasive electrophysiology is of diverse origin. In addition to genuine beta-rhythms, there are numerous nonsinusoidal alpha-band rhythms present in the human brain, which will result in harmonic beta-band peaks. This type of activity has different temporal and response dynamics than genuine beta-rhythms. Here, it is argued that in the analysis of higher-frequency rhythms, the relationship to lower-frequency rhythms needs to be clarified. Only in that way we can arrive at strong, methodologically valid interpretations of potential functional roles and generative mechanisms of neural oscillations.","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79896981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RELIEF: A structured multivariate approach for removal of latent inter-scanner effects.","authors":"Rongqian Zhang,&nbsp;Lindsay D Oliver,&nbsp;Aristotle N Voineskos,&nbsp;Jun Young Park","doi":"10.1162/imag_a_00011","DOIUrl":"10.1162/imag_a_00011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combining data collected from multiple study sites is becoming common and is advantageous to researchers to increase the generalizability and replicability of scientific discoveries. However, at the same time, unwanted <i>inter-scanner biases</i> are commonly observed across neuroimaging data collected from multiple study sites or scanners, rendering difficulties in integrating such data to obtain reliable findings. While several methods for handling such unwanted variations have been proposed, most of them use univariate approaches that could be too simple to capture all sources of scanner-specific variations. To address these challenges, we propose a novel multivariate harmonization method called RELIEF (<b>RE</b>moval of <b>L</b>atent <b>I</b>nter-scanner <b>E</b>ffects through <b>F</b>actorization) for estimating and removing both explicit and latent scanner effects. Our method is the first approach to introduce the simultaneous dimension reduction and factorization of interlinked matrices to a data harmonization context, which provides a new direction in methodological research for correcting inter-scanner biases. Analyzing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from the Social Processes Initiative in Neurobiology of the Schizophrenia (SPINS) study and conducting extensive simulation studies, we show that RELIEF outperforms existing harmonization methods in mitigating inter-scanner biases and retaining biological associations of interest to increase statistical power. RELIEF is publicly available as an R package.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"1 ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10503485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10279951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temporal event-based model: Learning event timelines in progressive diseases.","authors":"Peter A Wijeratne, Arman Eshaghi, William J Scotton, Maitrei Kohli, Leon Aksman, Neil P Oxtoby, Dorian Pustina, John H Warner, Jane S Paulsen, Rachael I Scahill, Cristina Sampaio, Sarah J Tabrizi, Daniel C Alexander","doi":"10.1162/imag_a_00010","DOIUrl":"10.1162/imag_a_00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Timelines of events, such as symptom appearance or a change in biomarker value, provide powerful signatures that characterise progressive diseases. Understanding and predicting the timing of events is important for clinical trials targeting individuals early in the disease course when putative treatments are likely to have the strongest effect. However, previous models of disease progression cannot estimate the time between events and provide only an ordering in which they change. Here, we introduce the temporal event-based model (TEBM), a new probabilistic model for inferring timelines of biomarker events from sparse and irregularly sampled datasets. We demonstrate the power of the TEBM in two neurodegenerative conditions: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD). In both diseases, the TEBM not only recapitulates current understanding of event orderings but also provides unique new ranges of timescales between consecutive events. We reproduce and validate these findings using external datasets in both diseases. We also demonstrate that the TEBM improves over current models; provides unique stratification capabilities; and enriches simulated clinical trials to achieve a power of <math><mrow><mn>80</mn><mi>%</mi></mrow></math> with less than half the cohort size compared with random selection. The application of the TEBM naturally extends to a wide range of progressive conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"1 ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/2e/imag-1-00010.PMC10503481.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10286531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory dyadic interactions through the \"eye\" of the social brain: How visual is the posterior STS interaction region?","authors":"Julia Landsiedel, Kami Koldewyn","doi":"10.1162/imag_a_00003","DOIUrl":"10.1162/imag_a_00003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human interactions contain potent social cues that meet not only the eye but also the ear. Although research has identified a region in the posterior superior temporal sulcus as being particularly sensitive to visually presented social interactions (SI-pSTS), its response to auditory interactions has not been tested. Here, we used fMRI to explore brain response to auditory interactions, with a focus on temporal regions known to be important in auditory processing and social interaction perception. In Experiment 1, monolingual participants listened to two-speaker conversations (intact or sentence-scrambled) and one-speaker narrations in both a known and an unknown language. Speaker number and conversational coherence were explored in separately localised regions-of-interest (ROI). In Experiment 2, bilingual participants were scanned to explore the role of language comprehension. Combining univariate and multivariate analyses, we found initial evidence for a heteromodal response to social interactions in SI-pSTS. Specifically, right SI-pSTS preferred auditory interactions over control stimuli and represented information about both speaker number and interactive coherence. Bilateral temporal voice areas (TVA) showed a similar, but less specific, profile. Exploratory analyses identified another auditory-interaction sensitive area in anterior STS. Indeed, direct comparison suggests modality specific tuning, with SI-pSTS preferring visual information while aSTS prefers auditory information. Altogether, these results suggest that right SI-pSTS is a heteromodal region that represents information about social interactions in both visual and auditory domains. Future work is needed to clarify the roles of TVA and aSTS in auditory interaction perception and further probe right SI-pSTS interaction-selectivity using non-semantic prosodic cues.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"1 ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/18/imag-1-00003.PMC10503480.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10290815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confidence is predicted by pre- and post-choice decision signal dynamics.","authors":"John P Grogan,&nbsp;Wouter Rys,&nbsp;Simon P Kelly,&nbsp;Redmond G O'Connell","doi":"10.1162/imag_a_00005","DOIUrl":"10.1162/imag_a_00005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well established that one's confidence in a choice can be influenced by new evidence encountered after commitment has been reached, but the processes through which post-choice evidence is sampled remain unclear. To investigate this, we traced the pre- and post-choice dynamics of electrophysiological signatures of evidence accumulation (Centro-parietal Positivity, CPP) and motor preparation (mu/beta band) to determine their sensitivity to participants' confidence in their perceptual discriminations. Pre-choice CPP amplitudes scaled with confidence both when confidence was reported simultaneously with choice, and when reported 1 second after the initial direction decision with no intervening evidence. When additional evidence was presented during the post-choice delay period, the CPP exhibited sustained activation after the initial choice, with a more prolonged build-up on trials with lower certainty in the alternative that was finally endorsed, irrespective of whether this entailed a change-of-mind from the initial choice or not. Further investigation established that this pattern was accompanied by later lateralisation of motor preparation signals toward the ultimately chosen response and slower confidence reports when participants indicated low certainty in this response. These observations are consistent with certainty-dependent stopping theories according to which post-choice evidence accumulation ceases when a criterion level of certainty in a choice alternative has been reached, but continues otherwise. Our findings have implications for current models of choice confidence, and predictions they may make about EEG signatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"1 ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7d/30/imag-1-00005.PMC10503486.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10279515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental changes in individual alpha frequency: Recording EEG data during public engagement events.","authors":"Christopher Turner,&nbsp;Satu Baylan,&nbsp;Martina Bracco,&nbsp;Gabriela Cruz,&nbsp;Simon Hanzal,&nbsp;Marine Keime,&nbsp;Isaac Kuye,&nbsp;Deborah McNeill,&nbsp;Zika Ng,&nbsp;Mircea van der Plas,&nbsp;Manuela Ruzzoli,&nbsp;Gregor Thut,&nbsp;Jelena Trajkovic,&nbsp;Domenica Veniero,&nbsp;Sarah P Wale,&nbsp;Sarah Whear,&nbsp;Gemma Learmonth","doi":"10.1162/imag_a_00001","DOIUrl":"10.1162/imag_a_00001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Statistical power in cognitive neuroimaging experiments is often very low. Low sample size can reduce the likelihood of detecting real effects (false negatives) and increase the risk of detecting non-existing effects by chance (false positives). Here, we document our experience of leveraging a relatively unexplored method of collecting a large sample size for simple electroencephalography (EEG) studies: by recording EEG in the community during public engagement and outreach events. We collected data from 346 participants (189 females, age range 6-76 years) over 6 days, totalling 29 hours, at local science festivals. Alpha activity (6-15 Hz) was filtered from 30 seconds of signal, recorded from a single electrode placed between the occipital midline (Oz) and inion (Iz) while the participants rested with their eyes closed. A total of 289 good-quality datasets were obtained. Using this community-based approach, we were able to replicate controlled, lab-based findings: individual alpha frequency (IAF) increased during childhood, reaching a peak frequency of 10.28 Hz at 28.1 years old, and slowed again in middle and older age. Total alpha power decreased linearly, but the aperiodic-adjusted alpha power did not change over the lifespan. Aperiodic slopes and intercepts were highest in the youngest participants. There were no associations between these EEG indexes and self-reported fatigue, measured by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Finally, we present a set of important considerations for researchers who wish to collect EEG data within public engagement and outreach environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"1 ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9c/bf/imag-1-00001.PMC10503479.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10286526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erotic cue exposure increases neural reward responses without modulating temporal discounting","authors":"K. Knauth, D. Mathar, B. Kuzmanovic, M. Tittgemeyer, Jan Peters","doi":"10.1162/imag_a_00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/imag_a_00008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Humans prefer smaller sooner over larger later rewards, a tendency denoted as temporal discounting. Discounting of future rewards is increased in multiple maladaptive behaviors and clinical conditions. Although temporal discounting is stable over time, it is partly under contextual control. Appetitive (erotic) cues might increase preferences for immediate rewards, although evidence to date remains mixed. Reward circuit activity was hypothesized to drive increases in temporal discounting following cue exposure, yet this was never tested directly. We examined erotic vs. neutral cue exposure effects on subsequent temporal discounting in a preregistered within-subjects study in healthy male participants (n = 38). Functional magnetic resonance imaging assessed neural cue-reactivity, value-computations, and choice-related effects. We replicated previous findings of value-coding in ventromedial prefrontal cortices, striatum, and cingulate cortex. Likewise, as hypothesized, lateral prefrontal cortex activity increased during delayed reward choices, potentially reflecting cognitive control. Erotic cue exposure was associated with increased activity in attention and reward circuits. Contrary to preregistered hypotheses, temporal discounting was unaffected by cue exposure, and cue responses in reward circuits did not reliably predict changes in behavior. Our results raise doubts on the hypothesis that upregulation of (dopaminergic) reward systems following erotic cue exposure is sufficient to drive myopic approach behavior towards immediate rewards.","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78363286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging Neuroscience opening editorial","authors":"Stephen S. Smith, T. Bergmann, B. Forstmann, A. Dagher, S. Keilholz, Kristen Kennedy, Sonja A. Kotz, C. Lustig, B. Pike, M. Tittgemeyer, M. Woolrich, B. Yeo, Andrew Alexander, J. Bijsterbosch, T. Boonstra, M. Chakravarty, Chris Chambers, Catie Chang, Bradley Christian, S. Dalal, N. Ding, Audrey Duarte, Audrey Fan, Alexandre Gramfort, G. Hartwigsen, M. Jabbi, P. Kochunov, Ulrike Krämer, M. Lindquist, J. F. Mangin, Kevin Murphy, J. Polimeni, Emma Robinson, Monica Rosenberg, S. Sadaghiani, M. Seghier, Y. Shih, A. Thielscher, L. Uddin, D. Van de Ville, W. Vanduffel, Chao-Gan Yan, A. Yendiki","doi":"10.1162/imag_e_00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/imag_e_00007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this editorial we introduce a new non-profit open access journal, Imaging Neuroscience. In April 2023, editors of the journals NeuroImage and NeuroImage:Reports resigned, and a month later launched Imaging Neuroscience. NeuroImage had long been the leading journal in the field of neuroimaging. While the move to fully open access in 2020 represented a positive step toward modern academic practices, the publication fee was set to a level that the editors found unethical and unsustainable. The publisher of NeuroImage, Elsevier, was unwilling to reduce the fee after much discussion. This led us to launch Imaging Neuroscience with MIT Press, intended to replace NeuroImage as our field’s leading journal, but with greater control by the neuroimaging academic community over publication fees and adoption of modern and ethical publishing practices.","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85108188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural representations of naturalistic person identities while watching a feature film","authors":"Clare Lally, N. Lavan, L. Garrido, Maria Tsantani, C. McGettigan","doi":"10.1162/imag_a_00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/imag_a_00009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recognising other people in naturalistic settings relies on differentiating between individuals (“telling apart”), as well as generalising across within-person variability (“telling together”; Burton, 2013; Lavan, Burston, & Garrido, 2019; Lavan, Burton, et al., 2019). However, previous neuroscientific investigations of face and voice recognition have tended to measure identity-related responses and representations using tightly controlled stimuli, thus under sampling the naturalistic variability encountered in everyday life. In this study, we tested whether cortical regions previously implicated in processing faces and voices represent identities during naturalistic and task-free stimulation. Representational similarity analyses were conducted on functional MRI datasets collected while human participants watched feature-length movies. Identity representations—defined as similar response patterns to variable instances of the same person (“telling together”), and dissimilar patterns in response to different people (“telling apart”)—were observed in established face and voice processing areas, across two independent participant groups viewing different sets of identities. We also explored contributions of face versus voice information to identity representations, finding more widespread preferential sensitivity to faces. We thus characterise how the brain represents identities in the real world, for the first-time accounting for both “telling people together” and “telling people apart.” Despite substantial differences to previous experimental research, our findings align with previous work, showing that similar brain areas are engaged in the representation of identities under experimental and naturalistic exposure.","PeriodicalId":73341,"journal":{"name":"Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76477192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}