Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science最新文献

{"title":"Heat Transfer in Helical Coil Heat Exchanger","authors":"U. Inyang, Iniubong James Uwa","doi":"10.4236/aces.2022.121003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2022.121003","url":null,"abstract":"The research paper tends to review the effectiveness of helical coil in heat exchangers (HCHE). Heat exchanger is a device used in transferring thermal energy between two or more fluids or solid interfaces and a fluid, in solid particulates and a fluid at different temperatures and thermal contact. The author has concisely discussed the helical coil in heat exchanger at different shapes and conditions and compared the HCHE with straight tubes heat exchangers, and the factors affecting the performance and effectiveness of the helical coil heat exchanger such as the curvature ratio, and other heat exchangers. The author demonstrated that the HCHE provided more excellent heat transfer performance and effectiveness than straight tubes and other heat exchangers because of secondary flow development inside the helical tube, and heat transfer coefficient increased with an increase in the curvature ratio of HCHE for the same flow rates. The secondary flow and mass flow rates, advantages and disadvantages have also been reviewed. The authors back their findings with available theories. Suitable fluid should be searched for high efficiency in the helical coil.","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86144402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experimental Study of the Performance of Isomorphically Zirconium-Substituted Mesoporous Alumina Supported Cobalt Catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis","authors":"S. Simanungkalit, Mingming Zhu, G. Pham, Zhezi Zhang, Dongke Zhang","doi":"10.4236/aces.2022.121004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2022.121004","url":null,"abstract":"A series of mesoporous alumina (MA) supported cobalt (Co/MA) catalysts with MA isomorphically substituted by zirconium (Zr) were synthesised and evaluated for their performance in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The Zr/(Zr + Al) atomic ratios varied from 1% - 15%. A zirconium-impregnated Co/MA catalyst prepared by wet impregnation with a Zr/(Zr + Al) atomic ratio of 5% was also evaluated to examine Zr incorporation’s effect method. The catalysts synthesised were characterised using N 2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that Zr 4+ ions were incorporated into the framework of MA and kept intact up to a Zr/(Zr + Al) atomic ratio of 5%. The cobalt dispersion and reducibility were improved as the Zr/(Zr + Al) atomic ratio increased to 50%. The performance of these catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was evaluated using a fixed bed reactor at temperature and pressure of 493 K and 20 bar, respectively. The feed syngas had an H 2 /CO ratio of 2, diluted with 10% Ar. For isomorphically Zr-substituted Co/MA, the CO conversion and selectivity of diesel (C 10 - C 20 ) increased first and then decreased with increasing the Zr/(Zr + Al) atomic ratio. The maxi-mum 38.9% CO conversion and 34.6% diesel (C 10 - C 20 ) selectivity were obtained at Zr/(Zr + Al) atomic ratio of 5%. The isomorphic substitution method was better than the wet impregnation method in CO conversion and diesel selectivity.","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84140081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Performance Room-Light-Driven β-AgVO3/mpg-C3N4 Core/Shell Photocatalyst Prepared by Mechanochemical Method","authors":"H. Kosslick, Yingyong Wang, M. F. Ibad, Xiangyun Guo, M. Lütgens, S. Lochbrunner, Marcus Frank, N. Q. Liem, A. Schulz","doi":"10.4236/aces.2021.114018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2021.114018","url":null,"abstract":"A new \u0000highly efficient, visible light active, silver vanadate/polymeric carbonitride \u0000“core/shell” photocatalyst was prepared mechano-chemically prepared by grinding \u0000mixtures of β-silver vanadate and \u0000mesoporous graphitic carbonitride. Besides the core/shell photocatalyst, β-silver vanadate/mesoporous polymeric \u0000carbonitride composites and supported mpg-C3N4@β-silver vanadates were prepared. The \u0000materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen ad- and de-sorption, diffuse reflectance UV-Vis measurement (DRS), infrared \u0000spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, and time-resolved photoluminescence \u0000spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performance of the materials was investigated \u0000in the degradation of organics using pharmaceutical ibuprofen and 4-(isobutyl \u0000phenyl) propionic acid sodium salt as model compounds under batch conditions. \u0000Reaction intermediates were studied by electrospray ionization and \u0000time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS). Additionally, the degree of \u0000mineralization was determined by total organic carbon TOC measurements. The core/shell \u0000photocatalyst has shown superior photocatalytic activity compared to the other \u0000prepared composites or supported photocatalysts as well as the single mpg-C3N4. \u0000Scavenger experiments showed that valence band holes and anionic superoxide radicals are the main active \u0000species in the photocatalytic process. TOC measurement confirmed the mineralization \u0000of the organic compound, which was in line with ESI-TOF-MS experiments. \u0000Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements indicated that charges generated \u0000in carbonitride migrate via diffusive hopping and exhibit increased mobility in \u0000the case of the silver vanadate/polymeric carbonitride composite.","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88223698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tannin-Based Deflocculants in High Temperature High Pressure Wells: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Michael Kwadwo Fokuo, W. N. Aggrey, M. A. Rockson, Y. A. Sokama-Neuyam, P. Boakye, Gershon Amenuvor, K. Sarkodie, Emmanuel Pinto, H. Karimaie","doi":"10.4236/aces.2021.114017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2021.114017","url":null,"abstract":"Clay deflocculants that are \u0000commonly used in water-based muds under high temperature \u0000high pressure (HTHP) oilwell drilling conditions have been found to contain \u0000chromium which is toxic. Tannin-based deflocculants are regarded as a more \u0000environmentally friendly and suitable alternative to the chrome-based \u0000deflocculants. However, tannin-based deflocculants have not been studied \u0000extensively and understood completely, and for the past two years, there have \u0000not been many active pieces of research in the area. To advance research in the \u0000area, there is a need to critically and holistically review research works that \u0000have been done so far on tannin-based deflocculants as drilling mud additives \u0000to identify research challenges and opportunities. This review paper provides \u0000an overview of tannin-based deflocculants used in water-based muds under HTHP \u0000drilling conditions, including the various forms, thermal stability, \u0000deflocculating ability and environmental acceptance of the deflocculant. The \u0000review revealed that under HTHP conditions, modified and unmodified \u0000tannin-based deflocculants both deflocculate water muds well and are \u0000thermostable. However, only a few studies have been conducted on their usage as \u0000deflocculants at temperatures of 150oC or above. The research gaps identified if pursued could advance the use \u0000of tannin-based deflocculants as green substitutes for the conventional \u0000chrome-based deflocculants.","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75146192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Monomethylhydrazine Using the Raschig Process","authors":"D. Le, A. Bougrine, O. Duclos, V. Pasquet, H. Delalu","doi":"10.4236/aces.2021.113014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2021.113014","url":null,"abstract":"A new strategy for the development of monomethylhydrazine (MMH) using the \u0000Raschig process is discussed in this publication. The determination of optimal \u0000conditions for the synthesis of MMH required the development of a kinetic \u0000model. In order to validate the results of the calculation, a device for \u0000synthesis under pressure (13 bar) by direct injection of the stoichiometric \u0000monochloramine, synthesized using microreactor technology, into monomethylamine \u0000(MMA) was developed. The experimental data, in accordance with the theoretical \u0000results of the kinetic model, make it possible to establish a new process for \u0000the synthesis of monomethylhydrazine.","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80734704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Decomposition Behavior and Kinetic Study of Jamadoba Coal and Its Density Separated Macerals: A Non-Isothermal Approach","authors":"D. Sau, A. Banerjee, S. Chakravarty, P. Senapati, Rabiranjan Murmu, H. Sutar","doi":"10.4236/ACES.2021.113013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ACES.2021.113013","url":null,"abstract":"This \u0000kinetic study focuses on determining the thermal gravimetric profile of a \u0000particular grade of Indian sub-bituminous coal. A thermogravimetric analyzer \u0000(TGA-1000) was employed to investigate the thermal behavior and extract the \u0000kinetic parameters of Jamadoba coal and its corresponding density separated macerals. The weight loss was measured in \u0000air atmosphere. The coal samples used in this study were obtained from \u0000Jamadoba mines, Jharkhand. Samples of 35 mg \u0000and 200 μm mean size were subjected to synthetic air atmospheres (21% O2). \u0000Heating rates of 2, 5 and 7°C/min were applied until the temperature reached 1400°C, which \u0000was kept constant until burnout. Low heating rate was preferred so that devolatilization \u0000occurs prior to ignition and combustion. Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis \u0000method was applied to measure the weight changes and rates of weight \u0000loss used for calculating the kinetic parameters. The activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential \u0000factor were obtained from model-free methods \u0000by applying non-isothermal thermogravimetry analysis.","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"130 1","pages":"203-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76227717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Number of Donor Atoms in Calix[4]arene Derivatives for Selective Complexation and Extraction of Mercury(II) Cations, Thermodynamics and Extraction Studies","authors":"Walther B. Aparicio-Aragon, Tania Deza Ramos, A. D. Namor","doi":"10.4236/ACES.2021.112011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ACES.2021.112011","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution due to gold mining activity is increasingly worrying. One way to selectively mitigate it is through the use of complexing agents such as calixarenes, which selectively functionalized with soft donor atoms such as sulphur, can selectively remove this pollutant, for the selective complexation of mercury from contaminated water, which was compared by conductimetry and liquid-liquid extraction studies with results that show that the derivative with the highest sulphur atoms is its structure which presents greater selectivity compared to the derivative with the lowest number of sulphur atoms, in both cases, they present very stable complexes.","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"165-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77934616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Raceway Parameters in Iron Making Blast Furnace for Maximizing the Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) Rate","authors":"D. Sau, Rabiranjan Murmu, P. Senapati, H. Sutar","doi":"10.4236/ACES.2021.112009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ACES.2021.112009","url":null,"abstract":"This \u0000paper presents a method by which the maximum possible rate of pulverized coal \u0000injection (PCI) in blast furnace can be predicted. The method is based \u0000on a two-step approach. First, a first principle simulation model of the blast furnace is used to generate data sets for the \u0000development of a linear model of pulverized coal injection rate. The data has \u0000been generated randomly in MATLAB software within the range of operating \u0000parameters (constraints) of the blast furnace. After that, the coefficients of the function have been determined. The inputs and \u0000the resulting outputs formed the data on which the linear optimization model \u0000was developed. Next, the linear model was used for maximizing the pulverized \u0000coal rate injection by optimizing the other variables. Two operating Indian \u0000Blast Furnaces have been chosen to validate the optimization model.","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"141-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90375980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Evaluation of the Mobility Profile of Enhanced Oil Recovery Gases","authors":"Ofasa Abunumah, Priscilla Ogunlude, E. Gobina","doi":"10.4236/ACES.2021.112010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ACES.2021.112010","url":null,"abstract":"The mobility profiles of gases used in enhanced oil \u0000recovery (EOR) have been thoroughly investigated through the coupling \u0000operations of data mining of oilfield data and experimental data analyses. \u0000Mobility as an EOR objective function has not been previously applied to \u0000characterize potential reservoirs for EOR selection and application, even \u0000though it is a robust combinatorial function that benefits from two \u0000petrophysical variables, permeability and viscosity. The data mining approach \u0000identified mobility as a reliable objective function for reservoir \u0000characterisation. The data distribution and clustering results indicate that Gas EOR reservoirs have \u0000relatively higher mean mobility than Thermal, Microbial and Chemical EOR \u0000reservoirs. The experimental approach investigated EOR gases, CO2, \u0000CH4, N2, and Air. A modified Darcy Equation of State for \u0000gas flow through porous media was applied to evaluate which gas would \u0000competitively attain the oil displacement optimisation criterion for mobility \u0000ratio, M ≤ 1. Coupling the data mining with the experimental data results \u0000reveals that gas reservoirs can be further categorized by mobility. CH4 (18.16 mD/cp) was observed to have the \u0000highest mobility followed by Air (14.60 mD/cp), \u0000N2 (13.61 mD/cp), and CO2 (12.96 mD/cp). The gas mobility order \u0000significantly corresponds with the mobility distribution of reservoirs that \u0000implemented gas EOR processes. It was concluded that CO2 offers \u0000relatively lower mobility, therefore, it is the most competitive EOR gas to \u0000approach the mobility ratio criterion of unity or less.","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"154-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75356108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanostage Alloying of Metals in Liquid Phase","authors":"D. Roy, T. Pal","doi":"10.4236/ACES.2021.111008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ACES.2021.111008","url":null,"abstract":"Alloying of metals is known from antiquity. Alloy \u0000making i.e., homogenizing metals started in a “hit-or-miss” way. The 1st alloy from copper (Cu) and tin (Sn) was produced around 2500 BC and from then \u0000Bronze Age began. Subsequently iron (Fe) age started after the Bronze Age. \u0000Aluminium (Al) alloying was discovered much later because pure Al could not be \u0000recovered easily even though Al is the most abundant metal in the earth’s \u0000crust. Refining of Al is a very difficult job because of its strong affinity \u0000towards oxygen. To ease alloying, melting points (mp) of the individual \u0000constituents and reactivity of metal towards oxygen were the hurdles. Now \u0000understanding the thermodynamics of metal mixing has paved alloying. Periodic \u0000properties of elements concerning size, electronegativity, crystal structure, \u0000valency, lattice spacing, etc. are considered for alloying. In this feature \u0000article, more emphasis is given to Hume-Rothery rules in which the necessary \u0000parameters for alloying have been illustrated. Importantly standard electrode \u0000potential (E0) values, eutectic, phase diagram, size-related strain \u0000in metals, etc. have been looked into in the present discussion. One elegant \u0000example is Sn-Pb alloy, known as soft solder. Soft solder was in use for many \u0000years to connect metals and in electric circuitry. Low melting, flowability, \u0000and conductivity of soft solder had placed Sn-Pb alloy a unique position in \u0000industries, laboratories and even in cottage industries. However, toxic Pb \u0000volatilizes during soldering and hence soft solder is banned almost in all \u0000countries. We felt the need for a viable alternative to obtain soldering \u0000material and then silver (Ag) based highly conducting, an eco-friendly alloy of \u0000Sn resulted in from a high boiling liquid. The discovery engenders not only a \u0000new conducting soldering alloy but also a new concept of melting metals \u0000together. Furthermore, new ideas of alloying have been generalized at their \u0000nanostages from a suitable high boiling solvent.","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"105-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90776874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}