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The ABC of ADCs (Antibody-Drug Conjugates): A Comprehensive Review of Technical, Regulatory, and Clinical Challenges adc(抗体-药物偶联物)的ABC:技术、法规和临床挑战的综合综述
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2023.134025
Kishore Kumar Hotha
{"title":"The ABC of ADCs (Antibody-Drug Conjugates): A Comprehensive Review of Technical, Regulatory, and Clinical Challenges","authors":"Kishore Kumar Hotha","doi":"10.4236/aces.2023.134025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2023.134025","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several decades, there has been a significant surge in the development of Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs). Designing an ideal ADC presents a multifaceted challenge, requiring the precise orchestration of various elements such as antigens, antibodies, linkers, and payloads. While ADCs aim to target tumor cells specifically, several antigens can also be found in regular tissues, potentially compromising the specificity of ADCs in therapeutic applications. The complexity extends to antibody selection, necessitating effective targeting of the desired antigen and ensuring compatibility with linkers for effective payload delivery. Additionally, the linker and payload combination are critical for the ADC’s therapeutic efficiency, balancing stability in circulation and timely payload release upon target binding. ADC doses must be safe for normal tissues while ensuring the released payloads are effective. The success of ADCs is attributed to their unmatched efficacy compared to traditional chemotherapy agents. The current research article aims to provide a technical review of Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) for cancer therapies. A brief discussion on the basics of ADCs, regulatory approach, overview, and technical complexities for quantification is presented. This review also summarizes recently approved ADCs and introduces the concepts of antibodies, linkers, and payloads. The article also outlines cancer-specific ADCs currently in late-stage clinical trials for cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135211745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Theoretical Study of Tris-(o-benzoquinonediimine)-First-Row Divalent Transition Metal Complexes 三-(邻苯并醌二亚胺)-第一行二价过渡金属配合物的理论研究
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2023.132013
M. Matin, Samiran Bhattacharjee, A. Hossain
{"title":"A Theoretical Study of Tris-(<i>o</i>-benzoquinonediimine)-First-Row Divalent Transition Metal Complexes","authors":"M. Matin, Samiran Bhattacharjee, A. Hossain","doi":"10.4236/aces.2023.132013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2023.132013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82778983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modelling and Optimisation of Copper Adsorption in Solution by the Response Surface Method 响应面法模拟和优化铜在溶液中的吸附
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2023.131004
Kalidou Ba, A. Toure, S. Ndiaye, Moussa Diop, F. Sambe
{"title":"Modelling and Optimisation of Copper Adsorption in Solution by the Response Surface Method","authors":"Kalidou Ba, A. Toure, S. Ndiaye, Moussa Diop, F. Sambe","doi":"10.4236/aces.2023.131004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2023.131004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74007765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Morphological Change of Cocrystal Bis(8-Quinolinolato) Copper(II): 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane Polymorphism 共晶双(8-喹啉)铜(II): 7,7,8,8-四氰喹啉二甲烷的形态变化
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2023.131001
N. Doki, Minami Nomura, M. Yokota
{"title":"Morphological Change of Cocrystal Bis(8-Quinolinolato) Copper(II): 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane Polymorphism","authors":"N. Doki, Minami Nomura, M. Yokota","doi":"10.4236/aces.2023.131001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2023.131001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77608688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two-Way ANOVA for Comparison of Remedial Nutrient Solution and Enhanced Natural Attenuation Using SPSS for Treating Petroleum Contaminated Soils 利用SPSS对石油污染土壤修复营养液和增强自然衰减进行双向方差分析比较
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2023.133017
Jaja Zina, O. E. Ojong
{"title":"Two-Way ANOVA for Comparison of Remedial Nutrient Solution and Enhanced Natural Attenuation Using SPSS for Treating Petroleum Contaminated Soils","authors":"Jaja Zina, O. E. Ojong","doi":"10.4236/aces.2023.133017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2023.133017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74214338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comprehensive Physicochemical Profiling and Characterization of Neem Plant Leaf Extracts: Insights for Pharmaceutical &amp; Biomedical Applications 印楝植物叶提取物的综合理化分析与表征:对制药的启示生物医学应用
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2023.134026
Martin Nduka Nwanekezie, Julius Nnamdi Ndive, Ijeoma Love Ogbonna, Godspower O. Sebe
{"title":"Comprehensive Physicochemical Profiling and Characterization of Neem Plant Leaf Extracts: Insights for Pharmaceutical &amp;amp; Biomedical Applications","authors":"Martin Nduka Nwanekezie, Julius Nnamdi Ndive, Ijeoma Love Ogbonna, Godspower O. Sebe","doi":"10.4236/aces.2023.134026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2023.134026","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a comprehensive physicochemical analysis of neem plant leaf extracts with a focus on their potential applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical contexts. Utilizing the soxhlet extraction method with n-hexane as the solvent, the study investigated the quantitative and qualitative composition of neem leaf extracts in reference to concentrations. The results revealed a diverse array of compounds, including cyanogenic glycoside, cardiac glycoside, tannin, steroids, phytate, flavone, oxalate, rutin, lunamarin, catechin, spatein, naringin, resveratrol, kaempferol, flavonones, epicatechin, and epihedrine, with notable concentrations. Further analyses indicated shared physicochemical properties, such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. Qualitative assessments affirmed the presence of flavonoid and phenolic compounds, while FTIR analysis confirmed the existence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. These findings emphasize the potential use of neem leaves as pharmaceutical raw materials due to their antioxidant-rich content. Additionally, the study explored the density, viscosity, saponification value, and foaming power of neem leaf extracts, providing insights into their industrial applicability. GC-MS analyses highlighted the presence of significant chemical compounds, with potential therapeutic implications. Mineral analysis demonstrated essential elements for human and animal nutrition. This study underscores neem plant leaves’ multifaceted potential across pharmaceutical, herbal medicine, cosmetic, and functional food sectors. It lays a solid foundation for further research into the specific health benefits, offering valuable insights for harnessing neem leaves’ potential in innovative products and treatments.","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135261424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physico-Chemical Study of the Adsorption of Carotenoids from Carrots on Raw and Modified Kaolinites 生高岭石和改性高岭石对胡萝卜类胡萝卜素吸附的理化研究
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2023.132011
O. Ngomo, E. Dongo, J. Sieliechi
{"title":"Physico-Chemical Study of the Adsorption of Carotenoids from Carrots on Raw and Modified Kaolinites","authors":"O. Ngomo, E. Dongo, J. Sieliechi","doi":"10.4236/aces.2023.132011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2023.132011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80010874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Effect of Temperature on Extraction of Castor Oil from Castor Seeds Using Potential Green Solvents 温度对潜在绿色溶剂提取蓖麻籽油的影响
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2023.134021
Zinhle Innocentia Mkhize, Peterson Thokozani Ngema, Suresh Ramsuroop
{"title":"Effect of Temperature on Extraction of Castor Oil from Castor Seeds Using Potential Green Solvents","authors":"Zinhle Innocentia Mkhize, Peterson Thokozani Ngema, Suresh Ramsuroop","doi":"10.4236/aces.2023.134021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2023.134021","url":null,"abstract":"Extraction of castor oil from castor seeds was investigated using different green solvents which include d-limonene, p-cymene, α-pinene, ethanol, and furfural at the temperature range of (323 - 413) K. The Soxhlet extraction method was employed to investigate the effect of temperature at atmospheric pressure. The focus of the study was to investigate a potential green solvent that can produce the high yields compared to the traditional solvent (hexane). The results show that at the average time of 3 hours and 30 minutes, the castor oil yield for green solvents were ranked as furfural (47.13%) > ethanol (45.37%) > p-cymene (39.15%) > d-limonene (39.13%) > α-pinene (38.11%). These castor oil yields were obtained at optimum temperatures for each green solvent. The castor oil yields were compared to the yield of hexane (31.36%) at same average time. The green solvents were recovered by using simple distillation, except furfural which was difficult to be recovered.","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Table That Produces Elements 生成元素的表
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2022.124015
Jianxun Wu
{"title":"A Table That Produces Elements","authors":"Jianxun Wu","doi":"10.4236/aces.2022.124015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2022.124015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74038072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulation of Nigerian Crude Oil Types for Modular Refinery (Topping Plant) Operations 模块化炼油厂(顶顶厂)操作中尼日利亚原油类型的模拟
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aces.2022.124016
Adeloye Olalekan Michael, Afolayan Joel Tobi, Cyrus Aseibichin
{"title":"Simulation of Nigerian Crude Oil Types for Modular Refinery (Topping Plant) Operations","authors":"Adeloye Olalekan Michael, Afolayan Joel Tobi, Cyrus Aseibichin","doi":"10.4236/aces.2022.124016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2022.124016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7332,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84788316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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