{"title":"Using Large Language Models in Cluster Analysis in the Social Sciences","authors":"Justin Miller;Rob Nicholls","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2025.3611984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2025.3611984","url":null,"abstract":"The law, regulation, and policy of and for the digital economy can be viewed through different lenses. These include the formal approaches used by lawyers and academics through analysis by news businesses to content shared in video or audio form. Understanding the commonality and differences between the view through each of the lenses requires coordinated data sources. The International Digital Policy Observatory (IDPO) was created to develop a dataset across a variety of sources. This article demonstrates a novel methodological approach that uses data from the IDPO to analyze the interaction between different data sources. It does this using artificial intelligence regulation as an example and combines Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering techniques with Large Language Models (LLMs) for interpretable cluster naming to identify themes flowing from the data. It sets out the thematic outcomes in the context of each of the data source types to illustrate the method’s utility. This article’s primary contribution is methodological, presenting a scalable and interpretable workflow for analyzing large, multi-source text datasets in social science research. The clustering approach used is likely to be helpful in the analysis of text metadata in other large datasets.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"7 1","pages":"24-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147440577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GenAI: Our Tool Or Our Future Master?","authors":"Dragutin Petkovic","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2025.3603643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2025.3603643","url":null,"abstract":"Tremendous achievements and excitement about Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) technology are shared by many: scientists, professionals of all fields, students and educators, general public, news media, investors and even politicians and religious leaders. By being able to generate content and converse with users in a natural way, unlike “classical AI”, GenAI opened up endless possibilities and captured users’ imagination. With all this came many promises of great possibilities and a new bright future for humanity. However, concerns about GenAI and its impact on society and labor market are emerging in scientific, business, news and public spaces, with words of caution and calls for some form of control or regulation. It is imperative in my opinion for all of us humans to think about how to make GenAI truly a positive development for humanity’s future world and minimize its negative effects. How to foster this revolutionary potential of AI in an effective and safe way, in order to balance the inevitable hunger and need for innovation and business success with the benefits to humanity and society is one of the grand challenges we have to address. This editorial is an attempt to contribute to this discussion by first pointing to some GenAI issues, limitations, and fundamental concerns, and then by discussing some ideas that could help us move forward in order to effectively use GenAI for the benefits of humanity at large. The focus of this editorial, written with no use of GenAI, is on its impact to society and humanity, and not on its technology or business aspects.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"7 1","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147440683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Trope-Based Computational Approach to Participatory Propaganda Analysis","authors":"Timothy Stephen Niven;Cheng-Te Li;Yu-Ru Lin","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2025.3592894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2025.3592894","url":null,"abstract":"Recent academic research reveals that strategic information operations often co-opt authentic communities to produce participatory propaganda—the manufacturing, curation, and amplification of stories that advance partisan narratives. In this paper, we push the field to move beyond disinformation and rhetorical techniques to a more productive narrative-based approach to propaganda analysis, and propose the first systematic computational method for the study of participatory propaganda. We propose a theory-driven computational framework centered on the concept of the propaganda trope. Tropes are recurring scenes or stories that effectively anchor and communicate persuasive narratives. We argue that tropes provide a blueprint for impactful propaganda, and offer a valuable analytical lens for understanding how participatory propaganda is created and sustained. We illustrate this argument through an empirical case study examining state media and a state-aligned partisan community on Twitter.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"7 1","pages":"47-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147440594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2025.3567724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2025.3567724","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"6 3","pages":"C2-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11084951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shashank Vaid;Stefano Puntoni;Benson Honig;Katina Michael
{"title":"In This Special Issue: When Attention is All Marketers Need—Artificial Intelligence in Marketing","authors":"Shashank Vaid;Stefano Puntoni;Benson Honig;Katina Michael","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2025.3568113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2025.3568113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"6 3","pages":"242-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11085040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial Axis of Access—The Controllers and the Controlled","authors":"M. G. Michael;Katina Michael","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2025.3567737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2025.3567737","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"6 3","pages":"232-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11085039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technological Resilience Deconstructed","authors":"Lindsay J. Robertson","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2025.3578873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2025.3578873","url":null,"abstract":"Within the context of a technology-dependent society, the importance of concepts of resilience is well-accepted. The original definition of resilience was very simple and it is unsurprising that, as the term has been applied to progressively more complex fields, the original definition has expanded. Within the many and complex fields in which resilience has been considered, expanded definitions of resilience and metrics of resilience have been proposed by several authors, yet other authors have noted that none of these definitions are widely accepted. This analysis does not propose an alternative definition nor an alternative metric. Rather, this paper identifies and codifies several concepts that are commonly entangled within the concept of resilience. The significance of a particular capability, described as that which is sufficient and necessary to repair/replace failed subsystems, has been identified as an embedded but poorly-studied concept. The study of such a capability including the study of its scope-overlap with operational systems, its distinct vulnerabilities and its effect on the actual resilience of technological systems, is evaluated and shown to be both essential and inadequately studied.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"6 4","pages":"342-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145814506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Structural Analysis of the User Behavior Dynamics for Environmentally Sustainable ICT","authors":"Stefan Roth;Aydin Sezgin","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2025.3576590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2025.3576590","url":null,"abstract":"The sector of information and communication technology (ICT) can contribute to the fulfillment of the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the introduction of sustainability strategies. For environmental sustainability, such strategies need to contain efficiency, sufficiency, and consistency measures. Based on a critical review of the literature and systems thinking, a structural analysis of ICT is performed and various sustainability measures of all three categories are proposed. Thereby, it is focused on user devices and their ecosystems. By describing ICT as a complex system, key mechanisms and dynamics behind the use of ICT and the corresponding use of energy and resources are analyzed. The system contains data centers, communication networks, smartphone hardware, apps, and the behavior of users as subsystems, between which various Morinian interactions are present. Energy and non-energy resources can be seen as inputs of the system, while electronic waste (e-waste) is an output. Based on the system description, various measures for technical, operational, regulatory, and transparency improvements are proposed to enhance the environmental sustainability of ICT. The measures are classified according to their underlying leverage points to evaluate their possible effectiveness. Recommendations for future research are provided.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"6 4","pages":"345-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145814503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emulated Empathy: Can Risks Be Countered by a Soft-Law Standard?","authors":"Andrew McStay","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2025.3573875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2025.3573875","url":null,"abstract":"As artificial intelligence systems increasingly emulate empathy – recognizing, interpreting, responding to human emotional states and psychological contexts, and potentially appearing to genuinely care about a person – questions emerge about the personal and societal implications of these developments. Emulated empathy may enhance usability, engagement, and accessibility, but it also raises concerns about manipulation, commodification of interior life, and detachment from reality. Such issues regarding emulated empathy have been raised in relation to AI companions. While AI systems may arguably possess functional aspects of empathy, mimicry of human empathy also reveals fundamental differences between human and computational forms. Drawing on insights from neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and AI ethics, the paper discusses whether such systems pose a threat to human connection or could instead augment it. Special attention is given to the IEEE P<inline-formula> <tex-math>$7014.1{^{text {TM}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> standard, which outlines ethical considerations and recommended practices for human-AI partnerships involving emulated empathy. In additional to advancing conceptual understanding of emulated empathy, the paper argues for a proactive governance approach that combines soft law with regulatory safeguards to mitigate harm, uphold trust, and guide responsible design in this emerging domain.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"6 3","pages":"250-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is Trust Correlated With Explainability in AI? A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Zahra Atf;Peter R. Lewis","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2025.3558448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2025.3558448","url":null,"abstract":"This study critically examines the commonly held assumption that explicability in artificial intelligence (AI) systems inherently boosts user trust. Utilizing a meta-analytical approach, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the existing literature to explore the relationship between AI explainability and trust. Our analysis, incorporating data from 90 studies, reveals a statistically significant but moderate positive correlation between the explainability of AI systems and the trust they engender among users. This indicates that while explainability contributes to building trust, it is not the sole or predominant factor in this equation. In addition to academic contributions to the field of Explainable AI (XAI), this research highlights its broader socio-technical implications, particularly in promoting accountability and fostering user trust in critical domains such as healthcare and justice. By addressing challenges like algorithmic bias and ethical transparency, the study underscores the need for equitable and sustainable AI adoption. Rather than focusing solely on immediate trust, we emphasize the normative importance of fostering authentic and enduring trustworthiness in AI systems.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"7 1","pages":"70-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147440576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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