IEEE transactions on technology and society最新文献_第2页

Automating Higher Education Through Artificial Intelligence? 通过人工智能实现高等教育自动化？

IEEE transactions on technology and society Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1109/TTS.2024.3450694

Katina Michael;Jeremy Pitt;Jason Sargent;Eusebio Scornavacca

{"title":"Automating Higher Education Through Artificial Intelligence?","authors":"Katina Michael;Jeremy Pitt;Jason Sargent;Eusebio Scornavacca","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2024.3450694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2024.3450694","url":null,"abstract":"The spectrum of how much or how little organizational processes should be automated has long been debated. As the world undergoes a digital transformation where contactless and frictionless are promoted as two aspects that should be honored, many academics are questioning both the frenetic deployment of digital transformation in learning and teaching environments (e.g., face-to-face classrooms, library and academic office spaces, and laboratories, virtual/hybrid modalities, etc.) and its corresponding validity to students. Indeed, little consultation seems to have taken place with the necessary stakeholders, such as academics, students, instructional designers and pedagogical experts, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Rather, discussions and decisions appear to have been reactive regarding which modalities of teaching delivery might be the best in a given context, based on operational scenarios directly linked to financials, such as student recruitment trends, and local legislative changes affecting international students. Furthermore, many academic faculty and a great number of corresponding auxiliary staff have found themselves in the unemployment queue. This paper seeks to present the possibilities that AI-based systems may bring to higher education, but in so doing, point to the harmonization required to offer the most appropriate solutions to the needs of both students and teachers, as well as university administration. Education is not a commodity, although it has been treated as one. We are not advocating for an open market which offers “free education” for all, though we wish for everyone to have adequate access to education. But we are certainly advocating for a future in which students and teachers are central to the learning and teaching environment, not relegated to a passive role nor exploited. This article uses Shiv Ramdas’ short science fiction story, “The Trolley Solution”, to work through the future possibilities of AI in higher education.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"5 3","pages":"264-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10666816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human Participants in AI Research: Ethics and Transparency in Practice 人工智能研究中的人类参与者：实践中的伦理与透明度

IEEE transactions on technology and society Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1109/TTS.2024.3446183

Kevin R. McKee

{"title":"Human Participants in AI Research: Ethics and Transparency in Practice","authors":"Kevin R. McKee","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2024.3446183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2024.3446183","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, research involving human participants has been critical to advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), particularly in the areas of conversational, human-compatible, and cooperative AI. For example, roughly 9% of publications at recent AAAI and NeurIPS conferences indicate the collection of original human data. Yet AI and ML researchers lack guidelines for ethical research practices with human participants. Fewer than one out of every four of these AAAI and NeurIPS papers confirm independent ethical review, the collection of informed consent, or participant compensation. This paper aims to bridge this gap by examining the normative similarities and differences between AI research and related fields that involve human participants. Though psychology, human-computer interaction, and other adjacent fields offer historic lessons and helpful insights, AI research presents several distinct considerations—namely, participatory design, crowdsourced dataset development, and an expansive role of corporations—that necessitate a contextual ethics framework. To address these concerns, this manuscript outlines a set of guidelines for ethical and transparent practice with human participants in AI and ML research. Overall, this paper seeks to equip technical researchers with practical knowledge for their work, and to position them for further dialogue with social scientists, behavioral researchers, and ethicists.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"5 3","pages":"279-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10664609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Trolley Solution: Speculative Fiction Addressing the Trolley Problem in the Context of AI in Education 电车解决方案：在人工智能教育背景下解决电车问题的推理小说

IEEE transactions on technology and society Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1109/TTS.2024.3446860

Shiv Ramdas

引用次数: 0

Deploying a Location-Based Coupon Recommendation Service in Retail: Challenges and Lessons Learnt 在零售业部署基于位置的优惠券推荐服务：挑战与经验教训

IEEE transactions on technology and society Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1109/TTS.2024.3448506

Vasilis Stavrou;Anastasia Griva;Cleopatra Bardaki

{"title":"Deploying a Location-Based Coupon Recommendation Service in Retail: Challenges and Lessons Learnt","authors":"Vasilis Stavrou;Anastasia Griva;Cleopatra Bardaki","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2024.3448506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2024.3448506","url":null,"abstract":"Location-based services have been increasingly used to support various decisions in retail such as coupon recommendation, indoor advertisement, smart targeting, etc. However, effectively tracking user’s position to provide extra value embeds several challenges ranging from technical and infrastructure to business, user acceptance and social. This paper presents a location-based coupon recommendation service deployed in a retail store, using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Beacons technology to track the customers. We aim to share the challenges we encountered, and the factors that affected our system’s quality and performance; and show how we handled the issues that arose. Our study moves beyond the technical challenges and discusses the business and user acceptance challenges, highlighting the role of the application context. This paper aspires to provide realistic and more holistic, not just technical, guidelines on prospective researchers and designers of location-based services for retail stores and other contexts. The outcome of the paper highlights new directions for existing challenges and introduces new ones related to beacon configuration, the choice of the unit of analysis, the definition of areas of interest, and acceptance by employees.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"5 4","pages":"368-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10660595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entangled Internet of Musical Things and People: A More-Than-Human Design Framework for Networked Musical Ecosystems 音乐物与人（Entangled Internet of Musical Things and People）：网络音乐生态系统的 "超越人类 "设计框架

IEEE transactions on technology and society Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1109/TTS.2024.3443540

Luca Turchet

{"title":"Entangled Internet of Musical Things and People: A More-Than-Human Design Framework for Networked Musical Ecosystems","authors":"Luca Turchet","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2024.3443540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2024.3443540","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a paradigm shift from the current wave of Internet of Musical Things (IoMusT) research, which is mostly centered on technological development, towards the new wave of the Internet of Musical Things and People (IoMusTP). This wave focuses not only on musical stakeholders’ values, needs, behaviors and diversity, but also on their mutual entanglement with networked musical devices, services and environment. In the IoMusTP, technology is not only aware of the users and their surrounding context, but is also compliant to ethical and sustainable principles that will make it possible more inclusive, personalized, and socially acceptable experiences for the 21st-century musical stakeholders and beyond. The move from the IoMusT to the IoMusTP is a move from a network of musical devices to a network of musical stakeholders, whose interactions with musical resources as well as other stakeholders are empowered by devices. To this end, we propose a framework that can concretely guide designers of IoMusT technologies in considering the human and non-human factors relevant in the IoMusTP vision. We illustrate our framework by analyzing a set of case studies, showing how existing systems are insufficient to comply with the IoMusTP vision. Finally, we reflect on the challenges ahead of us, identifying a set of promising future directions that can inform the development of the next generation of IoMusT technologies.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"5 4","pages":"355-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10649611","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward a Policy Approach to Normative Artificial Intelligence Governance: Implications for AI Ethics Education 迈向规范性人工智能治理的政策方法：人工智能伦理教育的意义

IEEE transactions on technology and society Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1109/TTS.2024.3430940

Dayoung Kim;Qin Zhu;Hoda Eldardiry

引用次数: 0

A Framework to Develop and Implement Role-Play Case Studies to Teach Responsible Technology Use 开发和实施角色扮演案例研究以教授负责任地使用技术的框架

IEEE transactions on technology and society Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1109/TTS.2024.3408085

Ashish Hingle;Aditya Johri

{"title":"A Framework to Develop and Implement Role-Play Case Studies to Teach Responsible Technology Use","authors":"Ashish Hingle;Aditya Johri","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2024.3408085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2024.3408085","url":null,"abstract":"Case studies are among the most popular and effective pedagogical techniques in ethics education. In this paper, we present a framework to develop and effectively use one type of case study: role-plays. We argue that role-plays are particularly effective for allowing students to think through complex problems and bridge multi-level issues, a core concern of ethics education. The fictional case implemented in the study presented here focuses on the use of algorithms for making lending decisions. The case narrative and its associated roles highlight and emphasize the interdependent and intertwined individual and societal perspectives. Thirty-six students consented to the research study in the course where the role-plays were implemented. Student responses related to their engagement with the role were analyzed. We found that participants moved between the multi-level perspectives in the case, identified ethical principles at each level, and connected case examples to real-world occurrences. Overall, using role-plays strongly encouraged students to appreciate the complexity of technology. This work is part of a larger project on using role-play case studies, and in our conclusions, we draw implications from our overall findings.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"5 3","pages":"306-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond A Reasonable Doubt? Audiovisual Evidence, AI Manipulation, Deepfakes, and the Law 超越合理怀疑？视听证据、人工智能操纵、深度伪造与法律

IEEE transactions on technology and society Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/TTS.2024.3427816

Yvonne Apolo;Katina Michael

{"title":"Beyond A Reasonable Doubt? Audiovisual Evidence, AI Manipulation, Deepfakes, and the Law","authors":"Yvonne Apolo;Katina Michael","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2024.3427816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2024.3427816","url":null,"abstract":"THE CAPTURE is a mystery thriller series, that completed its second season on Peacock and BBC One. The British television drama revolves around the alteration of direct audiovisual evidence on the command of a special unit that believes there is enough circumstantial evidence to either convict or acquit an individual of a felony. Based on the plot of the television series, this paper explores the potential for a variety of AI-enabled applications to be used in the course of criminal proceedings. The implications of evidence tampering are considered through AI manipulation toward the realization that deepfake evidence may well be admitted in court dependent on the human decision-maker. Will the future demand the interpolation of visual evidence for high profile criminal cases, and what does the existence of Generative AI and deepfakes mean for the forensic analysis of audiovisual evidence? After contemplating the socio-technical plausibility of the central premise of THE CAPTURE, this paper then turns to its legal implications. Drawing on examples from U.S. and Australian legal frameworks, the paper considers the consequences of AI-corrected, augmented or generated audiovisual evidence on three facets of natural justice: (1) the presumption of innocence; (2) the fair trial; and (3) lawyers’ ethical duties of competence and to the administration of justice. The key takeaways of the paper are that: (1) deepfake evidence will continue to proliferate; (2) that the law will need to address both the substantive and procedural impacts of such evidence, and (3) that the legal profession must continue to educate its lawyers and practitioners, and associated stakeholders, of the nature, uses and risks posed by deepfake audiovisual artefacts to maintain public trust in the legal system.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"5 2","pages":"156-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In the Special Issues: GenAI, Ingenuity, the Law, and Unintended Consequences 特刊中：GenAI、独创性、法律和意外后果

IEEE transactions on technology and society Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/TTS.2024.3413268

Katina Michael;Joseph R. Carvalko;Clinton J. Andrews;Lucy Batley

引用次数: 0

Analyzing the Impact of Demographic and Operational Variables on 1-to-Many Face ID Search 分析人口统计学变量和操作变量对一对多人脸 ID 搜索的影响

IEEE transactions on technology and society Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/TTS.2024.3416344

Gabriella Pangelinan;Aman Bhatta;Haiyu Wu;Michael C. King;Kevin W. Bowyer

{"title":"Analyzing the Impact of Demographic and Operational Variables on 1-to-Many Face ID Search","authors":"Gabriella Pangelinan;Aman Bhatta;Haiyu Wu;Michael C. King;Kevin W. Bowyer","doi":"10.1109/TTS.2024.3416344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2024.3416344","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns related to the proliferation of automated face recognition technology with the intent of solving or preventing crimes continue to mount. The technology being implicated in wrongful arrest following 1-to-many face identification has heightened scrutiny in the media and spawned lawsuits. We analyze the accuracy of 1-to-many face identification across African-American and Caucasian demographic groups and in the presence of blur and reduced resolution in the probe image, as might occur in “surveillance camera quality” images. Because of the high accuracy of modern face recognition algorithms with “government ID quality” images and the size of available datasets, we use the following indirect metrics to assess the relative propensity for false positive identifications: (1) the traditional d-prime statistic between mated and non-mated score distributions, (2) absolute score difference between thresholds in the high-similarity tail of the non-mated distribution and the low-similarity tail of the mated distribution, and (3) distribution of (mated – non-mated rank-one scores) across the set of probe images. We find that demographic variation patterns in 1-to-many accuracy largely, but not perfectly, follow that observed in 1-to-1 accuracy. We show that, different from the case with 1-to-1 matching accuracy, demographic comparison of 1-to-many accuracy can be affected by different numbers of identities and images across demographics. We also show that increased blur or reduced resolution of the face in the probe image can significantly increase the false positive identification rate. This point is important because the reputation of modern face recognition algorithms for high accuracy in 1-to-many face identification comes from statistics based on analyzing “government ID quality” rather than “surveillance camera quality” images.","PeriodicalId":73324,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on technology and society","volume":"5 2","pages":"217-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0