{"title":"Control Oriented Real-Time Nonlinear Dynamic Pseudo-Inverse for Non-Minimum Phase Systems","authors":"Miguel Sempertegui;J. Jim Zhu;Douglas A. Lawrence","doi":"10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3687077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3687077","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel algorithm for the dynamic inversion of nonlinear systems within the output tracking control framework, wherein the inverse serves as an open-loop nominal controller to facilitate feedback stabilization of the tracking error dynamics along a nominal trajectory. The desired dynamic response for the open-loop controlled system is treated as a pseudo identity from which the causal and stable inverse is defined. For non-minimum phase systems, the Fliess normal form is used to enable a practical pseudo-inverse design without the need for internal dynamics stabilization or reverse-time previewing. Unlike exact inversion, which can be unstable or anti-causal, the proposed pseudo-inverse is stable and implementable in real time. A nontrivial application example illustrates the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":73299,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of control systems","volume":"5 ","pages":"319-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11493740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148171997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabelle Krauss;Victor G. Lopez;Matthias A. Müller
{"title":"Robust Stability of Event-Triggered Nonlinear Moving Horizon Estimation","authors":"Isabelle Krauss;Victor G. Lopez;Matthias A. Müller","doi":"10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3725865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3725865","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we propose an event-triggered moving horizon estimation (ET-MHE) scheme for the remote state estimation of general nonlinear systems. In the presented method, whenever an event is triggered, a single measurement is transmitted and the nonlinear MHE optimization problem is subsequently solved. If no event is triggered, the current state estimate is updated using an open-loop prediction based on the system dynamics. Moreover, we introduce a novel event-triggering rule under which we demonstrate robust global exponential stability of the ET-MHE scheme, assuming a suitable detectability condition is met. In addition, we show that with the adoption of a varying horizon length, a tighter bound on the estimation error can be achieved. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed method through two illustrative examples.","PeriodicalId":73299,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of control systems","volume":"5 ","pages":"420-435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11660490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148924078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazumune Hashimoto;Shunki Kimura;Junya Ikemoto;Kazunobu Serizawa;Yulong Gao;Kai Cai
{"title":"Data-Driven Synthesis of Probabilistic Controlled Invariant Sets for Linear Markov Decision Processes","authors":"Kazumune Hashimoto;Shunki Kimura;Junya Ikemoto;Kazunobu Serizawa;Yulong Gao;Kai Cai","doi":"10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3723719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3723719","url":null,"abstract":"We study data-driven computation of <italic>probabilistic controlled invariant sets</i> (PCIS) for safety-critical reinforcement learning under unknown dynamics. Assuming a linear MDP model, we use regularized least squares and self-normalized confidence bounds to construct a conservative estimate of the states from which the system can be kept inside a prescribed safe region over an <inline-formula><tex-math>$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>-step horizon, together with the corresponding set-valued safe action map. This construction is obtained through a backward recursion and can be interpreted as a conservative approximation of the <inline-formula><tex-math>$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>-step safety predecessor operator. When the associated conservative-inclusion event holds, a conservative fixed point of the approximate recursion can be certified as an <inline-formula><tex-math>$(N,epsilon)$</tex-math></inline-formula>-PCIS with confidence at least <inline-formula><tex-math>$eta$</tex-math></inline-formula>. For continuous state spaces, we introduce a lattice abstraction and a Lipschitz-based discretization error bound to obtain a tractable approximation scheme. Finally, we use the resulting conservative fixed-point approximation as a runtime candidate PCIS in a practical shielding architecture with iterative updates, and illustrate the approach on a numerical experiment.","PeriodicalId":73299,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of control systems","volume":"5 ","pages":"436-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11660483","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148985802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Enqi Cao;Akash Harapanahalli;Evanns Morales-Cuadrado;Samuel Coogan
{"title":"Trajectory Tracking for Systems With Unknown Time-Varying Disturbances","authors":"Michael Enqi Cao;Akash Harapanahalli;Evanns Morales-Cuadrado;Samuel Coogan","doi":"10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3733928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3733928","url":null,"abstract":"We consider trajectory tracking in nonlinear systems with partially unknown time-dependent and state-dependent dynamics. Given a reference trajectory, we leverage the mixed monotonicity property of dynamical systems to craft an embedding system, a single trajectory of which efficiently computes a forward invariant tube around the reference. We incorporate the unknown portions of the dynamics by modeling them as time-varying Gaussian processes, an existing machine learning technique, and combine them with tools from control theory via a general inclusion function which generates an associated embedding system that accounts for the first order interactions between the disturbance behavior, feedback controller, and system state. We illustrate the efficacy of this formulation through a trajectory tracking scenario in a software-in-the-loop simulation and demonstrate the viability of this method in practical implementation via physical hardware experiments on a quadrotor.","PeriodicalId":73299,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of control systems","volume":"5 ","pages":"526-540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11690938","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal Control of Network Routing Under Blameless Constraints: A Convex Approach","authors":"Trazon Jimerson;Claus Danielson;Daniel Calderone;Meeko Oishi","doi":"10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3675413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3675413","url":null,"abstract":"In disaster scenarios, rescue plans must optimally allocate limited resources to maximize the number of feasible rescues. Full evacuation is often infeasible due to constraints such as limited fuel, time, or transportation capacity, making it crucial that allocations respect pre-established ethical priorities. These priorities are enforced through lexicographically ordered terminal sets. In this paper, we introduce the notion of <italic>blamelessness</i> to network routing, which ensures routing plans yield terminal solutions in the highest feasible priority set. We model disaster response as a network routing problem, minimizing fuel usage while satisfying given ethical and physical constraints. First, we derive conditions on the cost function of a linear program (<sc>lp</small>) to produce blameless but sub-optimal plans. Next, we formulate a two-stage <sc>lp</small> that minimizes network routing cost subject to terminal priority set constraints. Finally, we show that a convex combination of blameless and optimal routing objectives always exists, allowing use of a single convex <sc>lp</small> to produce plans that are resource-optimal subject to being blameless. Disaster rescue simulations are used to empirically study the sensitivity of blamelessness and network optimality to the convex-combination parameter. Routes must respect triage-based ethical priorities while minimizing network cost under a finite time horizon, limited route availability, and transportation capacity constraints.","PeriodicalId":73299,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of control systems","volume":"5 ","pages":"179-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11442642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear Control Approaches for a Pneumatically Driven Assistance System With Load Balancing","authors":"Kaneewar Ibrahim;Robert Prabel;Harald Aschemann","doi":"10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3719599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3719599","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a model-based, cascaded control structure for a balancing manipulator actuated by pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs). The balancer is designed to offer two operating modes: First, a balancing mode (BM) compensates for the total weight of the system so that the user feels only minimal resistance when moving the end-effector (EE) during load handling. Second, a position controller (PC) stabilizes the EE at a fixed reference position, even if the attached payload abruptly changes. The proposed cascaded control architecture consists of fast inner loops that control the pressures inside the PAMs, while an outer cascade allows for switching between BM and PC. A velocity-based backstepping approach is employed for the BM. For the position-control mode, a backstepping controller is implemented, which is extended with a cubic as well as an integral error term. An experimental validation on a test rig confirmed the effectiveness of both functions.","PeriodicalId":73299,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of control systems","volume":"5 ","pages":"394-405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11637135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148749770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional $mathscr {H}_{infty }$ Filtering for Descriptor Systems With Incrementally Quadratic Nonlinearities Under Disturbances","authors":"Rishabh Sharma;Nutan Kumar Tomar","doi":"10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3719607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3719607","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a functional <inline-formula><tex-math>$mathscr {H}_{infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula> filter for nonlinear descriptor systems subject to external disturbances. Conventional <inline-formula><tex-math>$mathscr {H}_{infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula> filtering approaches for descriptor systems impose restrictive regularity assumptions and employ implicit descriptor-form filters, leading to practical implementation difficulties. Moreover, existing approaches mainly target full-or reduced-order state estimation, which is computationally inefficient when only a specific functional of the state is required. To address these limitations, the filter is formulated directly in an explicit state-space framework and can be initialized with arbitrary initial values. The filter order is chosen to be less than or equal to the dimension of the functional vector to be estimated, thereby reducing computational complexity. The considered nonlinearities are characterized using incremental quadratic constraints parameterized by appropriate multiplier matrices, which encompass Lipschitz, one-sided Lipschitz, monotone, and many other nonlinearities. Sufficient criteria for the existence of the proposed filter are established through a rank condition imposed on the system matrices together with a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Under these conditions, asymptotic stability of the estimation error dynamics is guaranteed, while the influence of external disturbances on the error is bounded within a prescribed <inline-formula><tex-math>$mathcal {L}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-performance framework. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate and validate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.","PeriodicalId":73299,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of control systems","volume":"5 ","pages":"406-419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11637112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Javad Khojasteh;Massimo Franceschetti;Gireeja Ranade
{"title":"Stabilizing a Linear System Using Phone Calls When Time is Information","authors":"Mohammad Javad Khojasteh;Massimo Franceschetti;Gireeja Ranade","doi":"10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3680768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3680768","url":null,"abstract":"We study stabilizing a scalar linear system over a “timing” channel, where information is communicated via the timestamps of transmitted symbols. Each symbol, sent from a sensor to a controller in a closed-loop system, is received after a random delay.The sensor encodes information in the waiting times between transmissions, and the controller decodes it using the inter-reception times of symbols. This setup resembles a telephone system: a transmitter signals a call with a “ring,” and the receiver becomes aware of the “ring” after a random connection delay. With no data payload exchanged, this setup provides an abstraction for performing event-triggering control with zero-payload rate. We show that for system stabilization (state converging to zero in probability), the timing capacity of the channel must be at least as large as the entropy rate of the system. For exponentially distributed symbol delays, we provide an “almost” tight sufficient condition using a coding strategy that refines the message estimate with each new symbol. Our results generalize previous zero-payload event-triggering control strategies, revealing a fundamental limit for using timing information in stabilization, independent of the transmission strategy.","PeriodicalId":73299,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of control systems","volume":"5 ","pages":"191-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11474337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147696178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
André Bertolace;Konstantinos Gatsis;Kostas Margellos
{"title":"Machine Learning Adversarial Attacks Using Partial Sinkhorn Optimization","authors":"André Bertolace;Konstantinos Gatsis;Kostas Margellos","doi":"10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3679905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3679905","url":null,"abstract":"Adversarial attacks are often modeled as pointwise perturbations of individual samples, which can miss structured distributional effects and may waste perturbation budget on examples that are already misclassified. We study a data-driven Wasserstein attack model in which the adversary shifts the empirical distribution under a label-preserving transport budget. Starting from this formulation, we derive a finite-dimensional transport surrogate and an equivalent lifting that makes the role of transport couplings explicit. We then introduce an entropic regularization, obtaining a difference-of-convex formulation that penalizes attacks which mainly amplify the loss of already misclassified samples. This leads to <italic>Partial Sinkhorn</i>, an iterative algorithm that combines convex-concave linearization with Sinkhorn-type updates, such that any limit point of a convergent subsequence is a KKT stationary point of the penalized problem. Experiments on synthetic and MNIST tasks show that the proposed method generates stronger attacks than FGSM under comparable perturbation budgets, particularly in the low-distortion regime. The framework also highlights links between adversarial attack, optimal transport, and distributionally robust control.","PeriodicalId":73299,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of control systems","volume":"5 ","pages":"273-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11460207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148003678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elder Pereira Fenili;Leonardo Amaral Mozelli;Fernando De Oliveira Souza
{"title":"Robust PID Controllers With Measurement Filters for Arbitrary-Order Uncertain Time-Delay Systems","authors":"Elder Pereira Fenili;Leonardo Amaral Mozelli;Fernando De Oliveira Souza","doi":"10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3684858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2026.3684858","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new methodology for the design of PID controllers based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The proposed method can be applied to arbitrary-order SISO time-delay systems. The core of the approach relies on an innovative state-space control architecture that enables the integration of arbitrary-order systems with PI/PID controllers combined with different measurement noise filters, or alternatively, with a pure PI controller. The methodology allows the consideration of multiple design objectives, including disturbance rejection, reference tracking, measurement noise attenuation, the imposition of an exponential decay rate, the guarantee of positive PID controller gains, and robustness margins in the frequency domain, by imposing upper bounds on the <inline-formula><tex-math>${mathscr {H}}_{infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula> norm of the main sensitivity functions. Moreover, the approach explicitly accounts for parametric uncertainties. For validation, numerical examples were carried out ranging from low-order to higher-order models, combining different controller structures and multiple objectives simultaneously. The results were compared with recent and relevant methods from the literature, demonstrating the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methodology.","PeriodicalId":73299,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of control systems","volume":"5 ","pages":"258-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11482554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147937645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}