Healthcare analytics (New York, N.Y.)最新文献

{"title":"A decision-theoretic method for analyzing crossing survival curves in healthcare","authors":"Elie Appelbaum ,&nbsp;Moshe Leshno ,&nbsp;Eitan Prisman ,&nbsp;Eliezer Z. Prisman","doi":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The problem of crossing Kaplan–Meier curves has not been solved in the medical research literature to date. This paper integrates survival curve comparisons into decision theory, providing a theoretical framework and a solution to the problem of crossing Kaplan–Meier curves. The application of decision theory allows us to apply stochastic dominance concepts and risk preference attributes to compare treatments even when standard Kaplan–Meier curves cross. The paper shows that as additional risk preference attributes are adopted, Kaplan–Meier curves can be ranked under weaker restrictions, namely with higher orders of stochastic dominance. Consequently, even Kaplan–Meier curves that cross may be ranked. The method we present allows us to extract all possible information from survival functions; hence, superior treatments that cannot be identified using standard Kaplan–Meier curves may become identifiable. Our methodology is applied to two examples of published empirical medical studies. We show that treatments deemed non-comparable because their Kaplan–Meier curves intersect can be compared using our method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73222,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare analytics (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated machine learning and fractional calculus approach to predicting diabetes risk in women","authors":"David Amilo ,&nbsp;Khadijeh Sadri ,&nbsp;Evren Hincal ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farman ,&nbsp;Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hafez","doi":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel dual approach for diabetes risk prediction in women, combining machine learning classification with fractional-order physiological modeling. We employ seven machine learning algorithms: Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Bagged Trees, Naive Bayes, and XGBoost, to identify key risk factors, with XGBoost demonstrating higher performance. Glucose levels, BMI, blood pressure, and Diabetes Pedigree Function emerged as the most significant predictors across all models. Complementing these data-driven insights, we develop a Caputo fractional-order model that captures the temporal dynamics of glucose-insulin regulation, BMI, and blood pressure. Through fixed-point theorem analysis, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions, while numerical implementations using Lagrange polynomial interpolation reveal how varying fractional orders affect metabolic response patterns. This mathematical framework provides unique insights into the progression of diabetes, particularly through its ability to model memory effects and long-term physiological changes. The practical implementation of our research features an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) that integrates both approaches, enabling real-time risk assessment with dynamic feedback. Our analysis of the Pima Indians dataset confirms important physiological relationships, including age-pregnancy and BMI-skin thickness correlations. This dual-method framework offers clinicians a comprehensive tool for diabetes management, combining the immediate predictive power of machine learning with the longitudinal perspective of fractional-order modeling. The machine learning component provides accurate short-term risk stratification, while the fractional-order model enhances understanding of long-term disease progression. Together, they enable more personalized and proactive care strategies, advancing both the theory and practice of diabetes risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73222,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare analytics (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An explainable analytical approach to heart attack detection using biomarkers and nature-inspired algorithms","authors":"Maithri Bairy ,&nbsp;Krishnaraj Chadaga ,&nbsp;Niranjana Sampathila ,&nbsp;R. Vijaya Arjunan ,&nbsp;G. Muralidhar Bairy","doi":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heart attacks are among the leading causes of death globally, and the earliest possible identification of at-risk patients is critical to lowering deaths. Advanced machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been effectively used to predict the presence of heart attack based on clinical and laboratory markers. This study used five explainable artificial intelligence techniques (XAI) to ensure that predictions made by the model are understandable and interpretable to facilitate clinical decisions. Fourteen nature-inspired feature selection algorithms were applied to identify the most informative markers while optimizing the predictive models for greater accuracy and reliability. Mutual information achieved a maximum testing accuracy of 90 % and highest precision of 94 %. The Whale Optimization Algorithm, Jaya Algorithm, Grey Wolf Optimizer and Sine Cosine Algorithm were the next best performing algorithms. The XAI results showed that the most important markers were ST slope, Oldpeak, exercise-induced angina, chest pain type, and fasting blood sugar. These models can be implemented in healthcare institutions to predict heart attack risks early, allowing timely interventions to reduce the likelihood of severe cardiovascular diseases. By supporting healthcare professionals with computer-aided diagnostic tools, these systems can enhance patient-specific decision-making while alleviating strain on healthcare resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73222,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare analytics (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical framework for enhancing cancer care efficiency in North London hospitals","authors":"Elizabeth A. Cooke ,&nbsp;Nadia A.S. Smith ,&nbsp;Donna Chung ,&nbsp;Ben Goretzki ,&nbsp;Spencer A. Thomas ,&nbsp;Adrienne Flanagan ,&nbsp;Craig Gerrand ,&nbsp;Neal Navani ,&nbsp;Prabhakar Rajan ,&nbsp;Ashoke Roy ,&nbsp;Clare Schilling ,&nbsp;Ellie Smyth ,&nbsp;Paul Stimpson ,&nbsp;Sandra J. Strauss ,&nbsp;Derralynn Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use mathematical and statistical techniques on operational data to examine the impact of different factors on the time to treatment for cancer patients in North London hospitals. Understanding the factors which prolong the time between referral and treatment starting for cancer patients on pathways which cross healthcare providers is imperative to improved patient care. We analyse three tumour pathways which involve transfer of patients between hospitals: sarcoma, urological, and head and neck cancers. Several factors impact on the time to first treatment including demographic characteristics, day of the week first seen and method of communicating the cancer diagnosis. In particular, we found that head and neck patients from lower socioeconomic areas were more likely to have longer times from referral to treatment. Patients with sarcoma who were first seen on a Sunday are more likely to breach the 28-day faster diagnosis standard. This analysis is an important first step in highlighting where focus is needed to improve cancer care pathways. Understanding and mitigating the factors influencing the length of time between referral and treatment could enhance the efficiency of cancer care pathways and, consequently, patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73222,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare analytics (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven multicriteria decision model for healthcare workforce retention strategies","authors":"Debora Di Caprio ,&nbsp;Sofia Sironi ,&nbsp;Fan-Yun Lan ,&nbsp;Ramin Rostamkhani","doi":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The retention of nurses and physicians in Hospitals is a global problem affecting the healthcare system worldwide. This study focuses on the healthcare workforce retention problem considering the current situation in Taiwan. Healthcare staff in Taiwan are undergoing a critical phase, with an increasing number of experienced workers leaving their job to go to work for private organizations or as freelancers. We develop a data-driven four-phase methodology based on the design of a satisfaction index that allows to rank different groups of employees against a given set of criteria. First, criteria are identified and clustered to describe different job dimensions (phase 1). Hence, subjective evaluations of the criteria are collected from healthcare workers while experts provide pairwise comparisons among them (phase 2). An adjusted analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to weight the job dimensions and the criteria within each job dimension (phase 3). Finally, the satisfaction index is formalized and computed for different groups of employees (phase 4). The methodology has been implemented with data collected from healthcare workers employed in three healthcare institutions in Northern Taiwan. The proposed index represents a novel decision support tool for managers and policy makers in designing intervention strategies able to address different needs of different groups of employees. Besides, it allows for innovative applications to quality management (QM) by extending the standard QM approach to hospitals and healthcare centers far beyond the common focus on patients' satisfaction. Finally, the mathematical formulation of the index is very flexible and allows for applications to any employment sector through a variety of analyses based on different categorizations of the workers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73222,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare analytics (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical approach to modeling conjunctival viral disease using fuzzy logic and time-delay dynamics","authors":"Muhammad Tashfeen ,&nbsp;Hothefa Shaker Jassim ,&nbsp;Fazal Dayan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Azizur Rehman ,&nbsp;Alwahab Dhulfiqar Zoltán ,&nbsp;Husam A. Neamah","doi":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, often accompanied by redness, itchiness, and the discharge of thick white or greyish pus. Highly contagious in settings involving close contact, it poses significant public health and economic concerns. This study proposes a fuzzy mathematical modeling framework to investigate Conjunctival Viral Disease (CVD) transmission dynamics, with particular attention to the roles of asymptomatic carriers and environmental influences. Unlike conventional models that rely solely on deterministic parameters, the incorporation of fuzzy theory allows for representing uncertainties and variabilities inherent in real-world disease transmission. The model further incorporates time-delay terms to account for incubation periods and other latent effects, enhancing the accuracy of system dynamics. This fuzzy framework performs key analyses, including identifying equilibrium points, computation of the basic reproduction number, sensitivity analysis, and assessment of local and global stability. Numerical solutions are obtained using the Forward Euler and Nonstandard Finite Difference (NSFD) methods. The NSFD scheme is rigorously examined for convergence, non-negativity, boundedness, and consistency properties. Simulation results confirm that the NSFD approach maintains the qualitative features of the model even under larger time steps. Overall, the study underscores the importance of integrating fuzzy logic and time delays in epidemic modeling and presents a robust methodological approach for understanding and managing the spread of infectious diseases in uncertain and dynamic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73222,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare analytics (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An attention-based loss function and synthetic minority oversampling technique for alleviating class imbalance in predicting diabetes","authors":"Santanu Roy ,&nbsp;Reshma Rachel Cherish ,&nbsp;Gifty Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes is a chronic disease due to higher blood sugar (or Glucose) levels in the blood. This study proposes a novel attention-based loss function and a lightweight artificial neural network (ANN) called Diabetic Lite (DB-Lite) for diabetes prediction in the Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset (PIDD). We show that the Pima dataset has many challenges. It is a small and imbalanced dataset; moreover, many features are non-linearly correlated in this dataset. The novelties of this research work are as follows: (i) A novel loss function of attention-based binary cross entropy (ABCE) is proposed for the first time to alleviate the statistical imbalance present within the Pima dataset. This ABCE loss function is incorporated in the DB-Lite model, which is trained from scratch. (ii) A Swish activation function is deployed in the hidden layer of DB-Lite instead of Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) to deal with the non-linear dependency of features with the final outcome. (iii) The synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) is used as a pre-processing technique to mitigate the class imbalance problem from the Pima dataset. (iv) An adaptive learning rate is utilized while training the model to speed up the convergence of the DB-Lite model. Our final proposed framework has achieved 99.7% accuracy, 99.4% precision, 99.8% recall, and 99.6% F1 score in testing, which is the best result on this Pima dataset. The Welch t-testing (as a statistical hypothesis testing) and 10-fold cross-validation are utilized to prove the validity of the proposed loss function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73222,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare analytics (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical approach to assessing the spatial equity and allocation of healthcare resources in Shanghai","authors":"Hong-Yan Li ,&nbsp;Jing Guo,&nbsp;Chuang-Hao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rational allocation of healthcare resources is vital for establishing a healthcare system that aligns with the levels of economic and social development. As a comprehensive discipline integrating geography, cartography, remote sensing, and computer science, Geographic Information System (GIS) can visualize and analyze spatial information through mapping. By utilizing GIS's statistical analysis and data visualization functions, this study provides a more efficient and intuitive analysis of Shanghai's spatial healthcare resource allocation and a more comprehensive assessment of its current allocation status. To examine the spatial correlation and spatial proximity, we apply the Global Moran Index (Moran's I), the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) test, and Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi∗) for assessment. Furthermore, by utilizing the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient, this study provides a new perspective by expanding the measurement dimensions for assessing healthcare resource allocation in Shanghai. The results show that: From the global spatial correlation perspective, the allocation of healthcare resources in Shanghai exhibits spatial clustering. From the local spatial correlation perspective, healthcare resources in Shanghai show significant regional disparities, with resources concentrated in central urban areas. And from a multidimensional perspective, the equity of allocation of healthcare resources in Shanghai in 2022 was higher when measured by population (0.298 ± 0.063) and economy (0.292 ± 0.027) than by geographic area (0.612 ± 0.100) and green spaces (0.590 ± 0.110) of the Gini coefficient. These findings offer valuable insights for promoting the structural optimization and spatial distribution of healthcare resources in Shanghai.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73222,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare analytics (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An equity-based spatial analytics framework for evaluating pharmacy accessibility using geographical information systems","authors":"Sara Al-Naabi ,&nbsp;Noura Al Nasiri ,&nbsp;Talal Al-Awadhi ,&nbsp;Meshal Abdullah ,&nbsp;Ammar Abulibdeh","doi":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Healthcare services have a significant impact on socioeconomic and health development globally. In Oman, rapid development since the 1970s has led to a focus on the equitable distribution of public services. This research aims to evaluate the spatial accessibility and distribution of pharmacies in Muscat Governorate, Oman, using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis techniques. The primary objective is to measure the equity in the spatial distribution of pharmacies within Muscat Governorate. The study utilizes spatial datasets, including administrative areas, pharmacy locations, settlement locations, transportation networks, and non-spatial datasets such as demographic data. The methodology involves spatial distribution analysis using Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN), Moran's I for spatial autocorrelation, Kernel Density Analysis (KDA), Thiessen polygons for catchment areas, and Network analysis for determining service areas and accessibility by walking and driving distances. Findings indicate a clustered distribution of pharmacies, with higher concentrations in densely populated northern Wilayats like Muttrah, AS Seeb, and Bawshar. Muttrah exhibits the highest accessibility, with 99 % coverage within a 2.5 km radius, whereas Muscat Wilaya lacks pharmacy services entirely. These findings highlight significant disparities in the spatial distribution of pharmacies, underscoring the need for policy interventions to ensure equitable access. Policymakers should consider geographic and demographic factors in health service planning to ensure fair distribution and accessibility across the governorate. Implementing these recommendations can help improve healthcare access and equity in Muscat, contributing to overall social and health development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73222,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare analytics (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Deep Learning Framework for Chronic Kidney Disease stage classification","authors":"Gayathri Hegde M ,&nbsp;P Deepa Shenoy ,&nbsp;Venugopal KR ,&nbsp;Arvind Canchi","doi":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.health.2025.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has become more prevalent, leading to a gradual decline in kidney function and, ultimately, in renal failure. Timely detection of the CKD stage is essential for enhancing healthcare services and decreasing morbidity and mortality. Hence, this study proposes a Metaheuristic-Hybrid Metaheuritstic eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (MHMXAI) driven Feature Selection (FS) approach and Deep Learning (DL) models for CKD stage prediction. MHMXAI approach selects the features with the highest scores from the Metaheuristic algorithm-Eagle Search Strategy, Hybrid Metaheuristic algorithm-Great Salmon Run-Thermal Exchange Optimization and eXplainable AI (XAI) tools like Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for their effectiveness. To evaluate the proposed method, eight DL models — Feedforward Neural Network, Recurrent Neural Network, Deep Neural Network, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM, Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Bidirectional GRU were trained on selected features using different FS methods, as well as complete dataset. The models were assessed using performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Score, Loss, Validation Loss and computation time. The CNN model outperformed others, achieving an accuracy between 98%-99.5% for all FS methods. Statistical tests, including the Friedman and Nemenyi post-hoc test, identified the CNN model trained with MHMXAI-selected features as the most robust choice for CKD stage prediction. These findings demonstrate that the proposed MHMXAI method effectively integrates metaheuristic algorithms and XAI tools, improving CKD stage prediction accuracy and clinical interpretability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73222,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare analytics (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}