Frontiers in sleep最新文献

{"title":"Adolescent circadian sleep health: a review of multimodal assessment strategies and clinical implications.","authors":"Jamon M Jex, Alyssa Larson Downs, Sarah Kamhout, Isabella D Wright, Andrew Wright, Victoria Zhang, Kara McRae Duraccio","doi":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1826938","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1826938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adolescent developmental period is marked by increased social and academic demands, as well as biological changes that lead to profound shifts in sleep and circadian timing. Circadian misalignment, short sleep duration, and irregular sleep patterns are prevalent among adolescents and are linked to a wide range of negative outcomes, including impaired emotional regulation, diminished academic performance, and increased cardiometabolic disease risk. While efforts to promote adolescent sleep health have grown, the multidimensional nature of circadian sleep health remains underassessed in both research and clinical contexts. This review provides conceptual definitions of key circadian sleep health concepts, synthesizing current best practices for measuring circadian sleep health in adolescents across self-report, behavioral, and physiological domains. We organize assessment strategies around three key circadian constructs-chronotype, circadian timing, and circadian alignment-and describe validated tools for each. In addition, we explore measurements of contextual factors influencing circadian function, such as light exposure, meal and exercise timing, pubertal status, and genetic predispositions. Throughout this review, we emphasize the value of a multimodal approach that combines subjective experience with objective biological and behavioral data to improve clinical utility and advance the understanding of circadian sleep health. We conclude by outlining directions for future research, including the need for validated, developmentally appropriate tools and the integration of wearable technologies to improve accessibility and clinical utility. By consolidating core concepts and methodological tools, this review aims to assist researchers and clinicians selecting appropriate assessment strategies and tailoring interventions to improve adolescent circadian sleep health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73106,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sleep","volume":"5 ","pages":"1826938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13535966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the cardiometabolic profile of Emirati adults at risk for obstructive sleep apnea: findings from the UAE healthy future study.","authors":"Manal Taimah, Amar Ahmad, Youssef Idaghdour, Raghib Ali, Abdishakur Abdulle, Mohammed Al-Houqani","doi":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1786010","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1786010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a significant contributor to cardiometabolic diseases, yet its burden and metabolic consequences remain underexplored in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Additionally, little is known about how OSA risk relates to early metabolic and renal abnormalities in young adults. This study evaluated the association between OSA risk and a comprehensive profile of cardiometabolic and renal biomarkers in a large cohort of young Emirati adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 5,242 participants from the UAE Healthy Future Study. OSA risk was assessed using the STOP-Bang questionnaire and classified as no-to-low (score 0-2) or intermediate-to-high (score ≥3). Biomarkers assessed included HbA1c, lipid profile, ApoA, ApoB, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum creatinine, and urine microalbumin. Group differences were examined using <i>t</i>-tests and χ² tests. Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates were used to assess associations between OSA risk and biomarker levels. Sensitivity analyses were conducted excluding participants with diabetes or dyslipidaemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 27.5 years, and 30% of participants were classified as intermediate-to-high OSA risk. The intermediate-to-high OSA risk group exhibited greater adiposity, higher blood pressure, and more adverse cardiometabolic profiles than the no-to-low risk group. After adjustment, intermediate-to-high OSA risk was associated with elevated HbA1c (β = 0.18%, 95% CI: 0.14-0.23), higher total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, and ApoB, and lower HDL-C and ApoA (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Inflammatory and renal markers were similarly elevated, including CRP (β = 0.14 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.18), serum creatinine (β = 0.11 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.13), and urine microalbumin (β = 3.61 mg/dL, 95% CI: 1.64, 5.60). Sex-stratified analyses showed higher median blood pressure and creatinine in males, and higher HDL-C and CRP in females. Sensitivity analyses produced consistent results for most biomarkers, except for urine microalbumin, which became non-significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated OSA risk was consistently associated with adverse cardiometabolic and renal profiles in young adults. These findings suggest that STOP-Bang may serve as a useful screening tool for early risk detection, warranting validation in longitudinal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73106,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sleep","volume":"5 ","pages":"1786010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of sleep disordered breathing in people with congenital heart disease.","authors":"Kate Maxfield, Noah Weaver, Michelle Wei, Daniel Matloff, Meghana Partha, Michael D Seckeler, Daniel Combs","doi":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1857984","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1857984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is known to be a comorbidity associated with congenital heart disease (CHD). This review evaluates the role of sleep disorders as a contributing factor to impairments in cardiovascular health, neurocognitive function, and health-related quality of life in individuals with CHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review was conducted across PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane Library (1990-2025) searches for studies cross-referencing \"congenital heart disease\" or \"Fontan circulation\" with sleep-related terms. Inclusion criteria were studies in CHD populations using objective or self-report sleep assessments; exclusions included non-English, non-original data, or conference abstracts. References of included articles were also screened to identify additional potentially relevant articles. Thirty three of 523 articles screened met inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SDB is prevalent in both children and adults with CHD, with reported rates ranging from 31 to 63% in adults and up to 57% in children. Both obstructive and central sleep apnea are observed. Comorbid SDB is associated with increased inpatient mortality in infants, poorer quality of life in children and adults, neurocognitive impairments, and increased cardiovascular risk including arrhythmias and paradoxical emboli. Evidence for effective treatment remains limited, though lifestyle, behavioral, and ventilation strategies show potential benefit.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>SDB is common in both children and adults with CHD and has a negative association with behavior, cognition and quality of life for people with CHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":73106,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sleep","volume":"5 ","pages":"1857984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared mechanisms linking PM_2.5 exposure, obstructive sleep apnea and obesity.","authors":"Bianca C Schimenes, Tathiana A Alvarenga, Sergio B Tufik, Sergio Tufik, Monica L Andersen","doi":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1918405","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1918405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are highly prevalent and interconnected conditions that contribute to the global burden of chronic non-communicable diseases. Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), a major component of air pollution, has emerged as a relevant factor linked to metabolic dysfunction and sleep disturbances. Chronic exposure to PM_2.5 has been related to higher body mass index (BMI), central fat deposition, metabolic syndrome, and increased OSA risk and severity. Obesity remains the main modifiable risk factor for OSA, whereas intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation can aggravate hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic disturbances involved in weight gain. PM_2.5 exposure and OSA overlap through pathways involving systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and gut microbiota alterations. These converging mechanisms highlight the potential role of environmental pollution and sleep disruption in obesity pathophysiology, particularly in urban populations chronically exposed to adverse environmental conditions. This review synthesizes current epidemiological and mechanistic evidence, identifies important knowledge gaps, and proposes shared biological pathways that may inform future research on the interplay among PM_2.5 exposure, OSA, and obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":73106,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sleep","volume":"5 ","pages":"1918405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13523651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148852041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study exploring sleep impacts among families in the aftermath of firearm-related trauma.","authors":"Rebecca Robbins, Peter T Masiakos, Grace Vlaun, Stuart F Quan, Chana A Sacks","doi":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1787037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frsle.2026.1787037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The ripple effects of gun violence are far reaching, particularly for children impacted by this trauma. Many of the available sources of mental health support in the wake of gun violence do not address disrupted sleep, which commonly develops as a consequence of loss.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We recruited adults for focus groups who are caregivers to a child or young adult impacted by loss due to gun violence from the Victim Support Services department of a police department in the US Southeast. The children to whom the adult provides care were required to be 13 years of age or younger. The aim of the focus groups was to understand sleep difficulties and ascertain the feasibility of a mindfulness-based behavioral intervention smartphone application (app) for sleep. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then analyzed in accordance with the constant comparison method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of caregivers in the sample (<i>n</i> = 8) was 50 years of age (s.d. = 8.9); 100% were female and 100% were Black/African American. Themes from the qualitative analysis suggested that caregivers experienced sleep difficulties that were intimately related to grief and trauma due to loss. Caregivers also described sleep difficulties in their children in the wake of loss. Participants provided favorable reactions to the mindfulness app as feasible and appropriate for families like them.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Focus groups revealed sleep difficulties among families impacted by loss due to gun violence. Reactions to the mindfulness app were positive. Future research should evaluate the impact of the mindfulness intervention on child and caregiver mental and sleep health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73106,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sleep","volume":"5 ","pages":"1787037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148802604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: non-monotonic longitudinal RSWA with tonic-phasic dissociation across serial attended video-polysomnography in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder.","authors":"Valentina Gnoni, Nazanin Biabani, Istvan Papp, Camilla Speicher, Adam Birdseye, Sakina Dastagir, Martina Mulas, Monica Puligheddu, Clive Ballard, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, David O'Regan, Ivana Rosenzweig","doi":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1816079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frsle.2026.1816079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Quantitative REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) metrics are increasingly used to characterize isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and as candidate biomarkers. Cohort follow-up often reports rising RSWA, but within-individual trajectories, particularly when tonic and phasic components diverge, remain sparsely documented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A man in his mid-seventies with iRBD underwent four attended video-polysomnograms over -6.5 years. Submental EMG was quantified using a REM sleep atonia index (RAI) with pre-specified exclusion of REM mini-epochs contaminated by artifact or physiological activation (arousal-linked activation and respiratory-event adjacency). Tonic and phasic submental RSWA components were extracted concurrently. Diary-anchored interviews around each visit captured enactment frequency, ordinal ratings of dream vividness/recall and sleep-related accidental harm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Corrected RAI varied non-monotonically (0.268, 0.401, 0.313, 0.463). Tonic and phasic RSWA dissociated: tonic activity declined overall, whereas phasic activity rose early and remained elevated. PSG-night enactment frequency tracked REM sleep opportunity (Spearman ρ = 0.89; <i>n</i> = 4) more closely than corrected RAI or tonic/phasic indices. Sleep-related harm was absent at the final visit despite persistent phasic activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this case, longitudinal RSWA did not behave as a single monotone scalar. Component-wise reporting alongside explicit REM sleep opportunity and exclusion accounting may be essential for interpreting apparent longitudinal change and relating electrophysiology to behavioral expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":73106,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sleep","volume":"5 ","pages":"1816079"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148802540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Reviews in sleep: 2024.","authors":"Ritchie Edward Brown, Dalva L R Poyares, Stephen Sheldon, Radhika Basheer","doi":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1926567","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1926567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73106,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sleep","volume":"5 ","pages":"1926567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148727589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep health in black families: bedtime routines and sleep patterns among young children.","authors":"Alicia Chung, Monica Stanton-Koko, Willa Johnson, Azizi Seixas, Debbie Chung, Iheoma U Iruka, Laurie Brotman, Keng-Yen Huang, Girardin Jean-Louis","doi":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1876293","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1876293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Young Black children experience poorer sleep health than children from other racial/ethnic groups. Tailored family-centered interventions are needed to improve sleep health among young Black children. Tailoring requires information about parent perceptions, practices and context. The purpose of this study was to (1) understand the contextual definition of sleep health for Black families; (2) bedtime routines and sleep practices among Black families; and (3) parent preferences that may inform intervention design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We engaged 30 Black parents of 3-8-year-old children with mild sleep problems (e.g., child takes >30 min to fall asleep at bedtime) in this study. Parents completed three ratings scales about sleep health practices and child bedtime behavior and a semi-structured interview. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and correlations. We used an implementation science rapid qualitative analysis approach to analyze qualitative data from the interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final sample identified as 52% African-American, 14% Jamaican, 10% Haitian, and 26% mixed multi-ethnic groups. Parent mean age was 41 years and child mean age were 5 years old. About 80% of responders were women. About one-third of the sample held a doctoral degree, and half the sample had a bachelor's or Master's degree. Parents answered 56% of sleep knowledge questions accurately (ranging from 32 to 100%) and reported an average of two sleep problems. Parents described healthy sleep as involving flexibility in sleep timing and bedtime routines. More than half of parents reported co-sleeping practices, with reasons ranging from a strategy to address night wakings, to a way to preserve bonding. Later child bedtime (after 9 pm) was associated with bedtime resistance, permissive parenting, and parent stress. Many parents reported that they had poor sleep quality and duration.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings elucidate a range of factors to consider in tailoring sleep health interventions for Black families of young children. These include the common practice of co-sleeping, parents' value for flexibility related to bedtime and bedtime routines, and parents' own challenges with getting enough and good quality sleep. Tailored family-centered interventions will benefit from considering these factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":73106,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sleep","volume":"5 ","pages":"1876293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13449300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short sleep, lifestyle, cardiovascular risk, and health awareness among Polish final-year secondary school students: findings from a nationwide study.","authors":"Dorota Godzina, Agnieszka Doryńska, Ludmiła Podgórska-Stawiecka, Anna Mizerska, Witold Smigielski, Piotr Dobrowolski, Aleksander Prejbisz","doi":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1866589","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1866589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep is an important regulator of metabolic and cardiovascular health. Insufficient sleep is associated with adverse health behaviors and increased cardiovascular risk in young adults. Understanding sleep patterns and risk awareness in this group is essential for prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 9,874 final-year Polish secondary school students. The questionnaire assessed sleep duration, physical activity, diet, alcohol and tobacco use, screen time, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure. Associations between weekday sleep duration and lifestyle factors and cardiovascular risk were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 46% of students reported sleeping less than 7 h on weekdays, with longer sleep on weekends (6.7 ± 1.3 vs. 9.0 ± 1.5 h, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Short sleep was associated with higher consumption of processed foods, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, lower winter physical activity, and greater screen time. Students sleeping <7 h were more often underweight or obese. Awareness of short sleep as a cardiometabolic risk factor was limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Insufficient sleep is common among Polish young adults and is associated with an unfavorable behavioral and cardiometabolic risk profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":73106,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sleep","volume":"5 ","pages":"1866589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of sleep promotion strategies in childcare settings and sleep outcomes in young children: a systematic review.","authors":"Belinda O'Hagan, Sumner Chmielewski, Naomi Deokule, Alexandra Josephson, Tayla Von Ash","doi":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1818620","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frsle.2026.1818620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To summarize findings and provide methodological critique of studies examining the impact of sleep promotion strategies in childcare on young children's sleep outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search run in PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL yielded a total of 3,528 unique articles. Eligible studies included young children (under 5 years old); assessed the impact of at least one sleep promotion strategy whether structural (e.g., mandatory naptime) or behavioral (e.g., music) with both within- and between-subject designs eligible); and included at least one quantitative child sleep outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>6 studies met the eligibility criteria. Identified childcare sleep promotion strategies included mandatory naptime (<i>n</i> = 4), music (<i>n</i> = 1), and massage therapy (<i>n</i> = 1). Findings indicated that mandatory naptime was associated with increased napping. One study found that mandatory naptime was associated with reduced nighttime sleep and total daily sleep duration. Music and massage therapy were associated with reduced nap latency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a paucity of research on sleep promotion strategies in childcare. This is an important research gap given the established health benefits of sufficient sleep and that many children from historically disadvantaged backgrounds depend on naps to meet their sleep needs. Future studies examining the effects of sleep promotion strategies other than mandated naptime, such as the sleep environment and provider behaviors, are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73106,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in sleep","volume":"5 ","pages":"1818620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13437413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}