Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of low vision rehabilitation on visual function and quality of life in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.","authors":"Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo, Sylvia Agyekum, Sylvester Kyeremeh, Albert Kwadjo Amoah Andoh, Isaiah Osei Duah Junior, Josephine Ampomah Boateng, Nana Akwasi Owusu Mensah, Eldrick Adu Acquah, David Owiredu, Samson Darrah, Debora Abena Baidoo, Werner Eisenbarth","doi":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1878737","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1878737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of low vision rehabilitation on visual outcomes and quality of life in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched from inception to May 2025. Searches were restricted to English-language publications.</p><p><strong>Review methods: </strong>Titles and abstracts were screened in Covidence, with data extraction performed independently by two reviewers and disagreements resolved by consensus. Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for quasi-experimental and cross-sectional designs. Due to heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively following the SWiM (Synthesis Without Meta-analysis) framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 48,601 records, only three studies met the inclusion criteria, underscoring a critical evidence gap. All reported improvements in visual outcomes with optical devices included enhanced distance and near acuity, faster reading speeds, and fewer reading errors. One study documented significant quality-of-life gains, particularly in social functioning, with an improvement of 76.6% on the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25). Another study highlighted that many students previously enrolled in schools for the blind retained functional vision following intervention, reflecting both the efficacy of rehabilitation and the unmet need for accessible services.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The available evidence suggests low vision rehabilitation with optical devices may improve visual function and social participation-related quality of life in SSA. Despite the scarcity of studies and limited evidence base, these preliminary findings highlight the potential value of rehabilitation services in advancing education, independence, and psychosocial well-being in the region.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024496027.</p>","PeriodicalId":73102,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"1878737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13553853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors of family-centered care associated with state anxiety in parents of children and adolescents with disabilities.","authors":"Yasuaki Kusumoto, Nobuaki Himuro, Yuta Sasaki, Eri Takahashi, Dai Iwase, Yukie Metoki, Kounosuke Tomori","doi":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1933776","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1933776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study compared the family situations, specifically parents' perceptions of receiving family-centered care and their children's behavioral difficulties, among four parental groups classified by their combinations of state and trait anxiety levels, and investigated factors associated with state anxiety in parents of children and adolescents with disabilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data of 95 parents of children and adolescents admitted as outpatients were analyzed. Responses were collected to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC-20), and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MPOC-20 Enabling and Partnership in the group with high state and trait anxiety was lower than that in the groups with low state anxiety, and the total difficulties score and Peer Problems of the SDQ in the former group were higher than those in the group with low state anxiety. Regression indicated that factors associated with state anxiety scores were STAI trait anxiety [odds ratios: 1.250, 95% CI (1.141, 1.369)], Providing Specific Information about the Child of MPOC-20 [0.566, (0.359, 0.892)], and the number of health and social care facilities [0.560, (0.353, 0.889)]. Discriminant accuracy for high and low state anxiety was 85.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The odds ratios highlighted that the provision of child-related information and the utilization of multiple facilities were significantly associated with parental state anxiety levels. These findings suggest that tailored information provision and enhancing access to coordinated multi-facility support networks, incorporating consideration of parental anxiety characteristics, may be meaningfully associated with more favorable emotional states in parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":73102,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"1933776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13553779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified hybrid hub-spoke model for assistive technology: institutional design for procurement, financing, and market-shaping.","authors":"Goran Radosavljević, Aleksandra Lazevski","doi":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1880845","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1880845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Access to assistive technology (AT) is often constrained by fragmented governance structures, inconsistent procurement mechanisms, and unequal regional capacities, resulting in gaps in service quality and limited equity for users. To address these systemic barriers, this paper introduces a modified hybrid hub-spoke model developed as an integrated organizational solution for optimizing AT delivery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The model is grounded in comparative insights from mature AT systems (Norway, Italy) and evolving systems (Armenia, Ukraine), as well as an applied feasibility study conducted in Serbia. It combines the efficiency and standardization benefits of a central hub, responsible for procurement, quality assurance, training, advanced assessment, data systems, and refurbishment, with the accessibility and user-centred support provided by regional spoke centres. These centres deliver local evaluation, maintenance, follow-up, and everyday user assistance, ensuring that service quality remains consistent regardless of geographic location.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model is designed to enhance stakeholder coordination, strengthen supply chains, support transparent catalogue-based procurement, generate cost savings through reuse and refurbishment, and reduce territorial disparities. By articulating the operational, financial, and market-shaping mechanisms of the model, the paper positions it as a scalable and transferable framework applicable across diverse contexts.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The modified hybrid hub-spoke model offers a viable pathway toward more equitable, efficient, and sustainable AT provision systems, of direct benefit to AT users, particularly children and adults, and of practical relevance to ministries, resource centres, and international partners responsible for the design of such systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":73102,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"1880845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148898500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary analysis of the psychometric properties of the German O*NET interest profiler short form in rehabilitation education.","authors":"Steffen Wild, Michélle Möhring","doi":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1789335","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1789335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interest is a key driver of performances, decisions and choices, for example starting an educational program. The German O*NET Interest Profiler Short Form is a recent RIASEC-based instrument. However, its evidence is limited in German speaking subpopulation. We analyze its psychometric properties in <i>N</i> = 173 students from rehabilitation education programs. Internal consistency is adequate in all six scales (<i>ω</i> = .80-.90) and structural validity shows partial support for the RIASEC circumplex. Intercorrelations follow the expected pattern only partly and multidimensional scaling indicate a good overall fit (RSQ = .94; stress ≈.11), although deviations from a perfect hexagonal is observed. Discriminant validity is supported by generally small-to-medium associations with Big Five traits below the discriminant threshold (<i>r</i> < .85). Criterion-related validity is weak. Using Euclidean distance for congruence analysis, associations with study satisfaction (<i>r</i> = -.08, -.09) and dropout intention (<i>r</i> = .06) are near zero. Using angular agreement for congruence analysis, small but statistically significant correlations exist for study satisfaction (<i>r</i> = .17-.18, <i>p</i> < .05). In summary, results show partial evidence for structural validity, clear support for discriminant validity, and limited criterion-related validity. Findings further suggest that conclusions about validity depend on sample characteristics and the chosen operationalization of vocational interest congruence.</p>","PeriodicalId":73102,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"1789335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological similarities between degenerative enthesopathy and rheumatic enthesitis: the role of ECM stiffness and Wolff's Law-based mechanical stimulation as a therapeutic strategy.","authors":"Kang Ahn, Aerisa Ahn, Seung Jun Oh, Hyun Sung Kim","doi":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1716050","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1716050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Degenerative enthesopathy and rheumatic enthesitis have traditionally been regarded as distinct disorders driven by mechanical overload and immune dysregulation, respectively. However, increasing evidence suggests that the mechanobiological links between these conditions have been underappreciated. In particular, pathological stiffening of the extracellular matrix (ECM) at the enthesis has emerged as a potential common mechanism connecting cumulative mechanical loading, chronic low-grade inflammation, and dysregulated mechanotransduction. This review synthesizes current biomechanical and immunological evidence linking ECM rigidity to fibrocartilage metaplasia, bone marrow edema, and pathological neo-osteogenesis. Histopathological similarities between degenerative and inflammatory phenotypes, including subperiosteal fibrosis, advancing mineralization fronts, and immune-cell trafficking through transcortical vessels (TCVs), further support the concept of a shared disease continuum. ECM stiffness may represent a shared mechanobiological feature contributing to structural degeneration, chronic inflammation, and aberrant ossification in both conditions. We further examine the therapeutic potential of Wolff's Law-based mechanical stimulation strategies, including dry needling, vibration therapy, and targeted mechanical stimulation of periosteal and entheseal regions. These interventions engage mechanosensitive pathways that may restore matrix compliance, improve microvascular perfusion, and modulate inflammatory activity within the enthesis microenvironment. Taken together, the available evidence indicates that ECM stiffness is not only a marker of disease progression but also a plausible therapeutic target. This perspective may inform future stiffness-oriented treatment strategies, including bio-electric stimulation-based approaches, for restoring enthesis homeostasis in both degenerative and rheumatic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":73102,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"1716050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical reflections on the use of the category \"children with disabilities\" in quantitative research.","authors":"Christian Møller-Skau","doi":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1689272","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1689272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantitative research plays a vital role in informing public health policies concerning children with disabilities. However, the categorisation of children as 'disabled' in statistical analyses raises complex ethical questions. This perspective article offers a conceptual and normative reflection on the ethical implications of such categorisation, drawing on the frameworks of utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics. It argues that while categorisation may be necessary for policy development and resource allocation, it can also perpetuate stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion-particularly when based on inconsistent definitions or overly broad categories. The article contrasts medical and social models of disability and highlights how these frameworks influence who is included within the category \"children with disabilities\" in research. It further explores how ethical theories can guide researchers in navigating the tension between the need for statistical clarity and the imperative to respect individual dignity and diversity. Special attention is given to intersectionality and to the importance of nuanced, inclusive approaches to data collection. The analysis concludes that categorisation can be ethically justified if conducted with care, transparency, and respect for the lived experiences of children with disabilities. Ethical reflection should be an ongoing process throughout the research lifecycle, not a one-time consideration. This article contributes to the broader discourse on responsible research practices in quantitative studies and calls for ethically grounded methodologies that promote inclusion and equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":73102,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"1689272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining patterns of assistive device distribution under the Indian ADIP scheme from 2020 to 2025.","authors":"S Nisha, J Balamurugan","doi":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1848396","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1848396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Access to assistive devices is essential for the rehabilitation and social participation of persons with disabilities and constitutes one of the major development strategies for persons with disabilities in India. The Assistance to Disabled Persons for Purchase/Fitting of Aids and Appliances (ADIP) scheme was introduced by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India as an initiative to support economically disadvantaged people with disabilities in procuring such devices. Despite its national mandate, there is limited literature on how the scheme is implemented across Indian states. This study examines interstate variation in the implementation of the ADIP scheme in India over 5 years, from 2020 to 2025. Using secondary data from publicly available sources, three indicators were constructed: beneficiary coverage relative to the disabled population, fund utilization per beneficiary, and beneficiaries served per distribution camp. To assess the degree of interstate inequality, descriptive statistical methods, including coefficient of variation and range ratio, were applied. The findings reveal differences in fund utilization and camp outreach, highlighting uneven implementation of the scheme. The results indicate that access to assistive devices under the ADIP scheme is geographically spread unequally across Indian states and Union Territories (UTs). Therefore, this study advocates for more balanced, region-specific implementation strategies to ensure equity in beneficiary coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":73102,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"1848396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of AI-generated exercise prescriptions for diverse cardiac conditions in rehabilitation: a simulation study using the DeepSeek model.","authors":"Luca Perrero, Menada Gardalini, Tatiana Bolgeo, Patrizia Valorio, Calogero Malfitano, Valter De Michelis","doi":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1844420","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1844420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) significantly improves outcomes for patients with cardiovascular disease, but delivering consistently personalized exercise prescriptions remains challenging due to resource limitations and practice variability. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), may support the generation of guideline-adherent baseline exercise programs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the adherence to guidelines, expert-evaluated safety, and clinical plausibility of AI-generated exercise prescriptions for cardiac rehabilitation across common cardiac conditions in simulated clinical scenarios.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Exercise prescriptions generated by DeepSeek were evaluated using five purpose-designed simulated clinical profiles: recent myocardial infarction (<1 month), prior myocardial infarction (>1 month), atrial fibrillation, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (EF 35%), and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (EF 50%). For each profile, the model was prompted to generate a 30-day CR exercise program in accordance with FITT-VP principles (Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type, Volume, Progression), standard safety considerations, and current American Heart Association/European Society of Cardiology (AHA/ESC) guideline recommendations. Two experienced CR specialists independently evaluated the generated programs for adherence to guidelines, safety, and clinical plausibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model successfully generated unique 30-day exercise programs for all five profiles, incorporating warm-up and cool-down phases, aerobic and resistance training components, intensity guidance using rating of perceived exertion and/or heart rate targets, and progressive adaptation over time. The programs demonstrated appropriate condition-specific modifications, such as lower-intensity exercise for recent myocardial infarction and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and avoidance of high-intensity exercise bursts in atrial fibrillation. Expert evaluation confirmed broad adherence to the FITT-VP principles and the major safety recommendations of the current AHA/ESC guidelines. No overtly unsafe prescriptions were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DeepSeek was able to generate structured, guideline-informed exercise prescriptions across various simulated cardiac rehabilitation scenarios. These results suggest the model's capacity to generate guideline-informed exercise prescriptions aligned with current guideline principles in simulated settings, but they do not prove clinical effectiveness, safety, or suitability for routine practice. Additional studies involving real patients and direct comparisons with clinician-made exercise prescriptions are needed before clinical use can be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":73102,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"1844420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When I say … clinically significant change.","authors":"Christoph Lindner, Steffen Zitzmann","doi":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1913834","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1913834","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73102,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"1913834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13503566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embodied robots in rehabilitation-oriented interventions for older adults with disability or cognitive impairment: a scoping review.","authors":"Wen Xu, Xian Zhou, Yu Zeng, Sixuan Han, Yanyan Hong","doi":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1883386","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fresc.2026.1883386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Robots are increasingly used in later-life care. However, existing reviews often combine applications such as companionship, telepresence, medication support, monitoring, psychosocial support, traditional AI, and rehabilitation within a single body of evidence. This conceptual overlap makes it difficult to interpret the rehabilitation-specific evidence base.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to map empirical studies on embodied robots used in rehabilitation-oriented interventions for older adults with disability or cognitive impairment and to clarify the operational boundary between rehabilitation and non-rehabilitation robot applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's framework, updated Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance, and PRISMA-ScR reporting principles. Six databases (i.e., PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data) were searched from their inception to May 2026. Original empirical studies in English or Chinese were eligible if they involved embodied robots used for structured physical rehabilitation, cognitive rehabilitation, rehabilitation-oriented cognitive stimulation, or direct functional assistance with rehabilitation-relevant outcomes in older adults with disability or cognitive impairment. Consistent with a scoping review design, no formal risk-of-bias or certainty-of-evidence appraisal was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies published between 2019 and 2026 were included. Six of the studies focused on cognitive rehabilitation or rehabilitation-oriented cognitive stimulation and five on physical rehabilitation. Robots served as structured cognitive facilitators, rehabilitation platforms or devices, or wearable/exoskeleton assistive systems. Study designs, comparators, intervention formats, settings, robot roles, and outcome instruments were heterogeneous. Most studies were small, preliminary, or task-specific, with generally limited follow-up. Reporting of intervention parameters and participant flow was inconsistent, and device-specific safety information was rarely distinguishable from general clinical complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Applying a Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System-informed rehabilitation boundary refined the evidence map and improved conceptual interpretability. However, the included evidence is insufficient to support comparative effectiveness claims. Therefore, future studies should specify rehabilitation targets, active ingredients, mechanisms of action, intervention parameters, participant flow, follow-up, and device-specific safety profiles and should distinguish rehabilitation value from psychosocial support, companionship, acceptability, or general service delivery.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://osf.io/q5mrn/overview, q5mm, Open Science Framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":73102,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"1883386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13503602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}