Frontiers in parasitology最新文献_第10页

Grand challenges in parasite epidemiology and ecology. 寄生虫流行病学和生态学的重大挑战

Frontiers in parasitology Pub Date : 2022-10-03 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fpara.2022.1034819

Alyssa E Barry

引用次数: 0

The FLOTAC basic technique as a new extraction method for root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) from soil and roots. FLOTAC基本技术是一种新的根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)提取方法

Frontiers in parasitology Pub Date : 2022-09-14 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fpara.2022.1000673

Alberto Troccoli, Giada d'Errico, Trifone D'Addabbo, Nicola Sasanelli, Antonio Bosco, Maria P Maurelli, Laura Rinaldi, Giuseppe Cringoli

{"title":"The FLOTAC basic technique as a new extraction method for root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) from soil and roots.","authors":"Alberto Troccoli, Giada d'Errico, Trifone D'Addabbo, Nicola Sasanelli, Antonio Bosco, Maria P Maurelli, Laura Rinaldi, Giuseppe Cringoli","doi":"10.3389/fpara.2022.1000673","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpara.2022.1000673","url":null,"abstract":"FLOTAC Techniques have been widely acknowledged as an effective method for the extraction of human and animal parasites. The present study is the first application of FLOTAC basic technique (FBT) for the extraction of phytoparasitic nematodes from soil and infested plant roots. Eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita were extracted from infested soil and tomato roots either by FBT and conventional nematode extraction methods, such as centrifugal flotation and root maceration techniques, respectively. The number of M. incognita J2 and eggs extracted from soil by FBT was always significantly higher compared to the extraction with the centrifugal flotation method, averaging 277 vs 35 eggs and J2 mL-1 soil. Conversely, no significant differences were observed between FBT and the root maceration technique in the extraction of eggs and J2 from tomato roots. Results demonstrated that FBT can be highly effective also for the extraction of phytoparasitic nematodes. Due to its accuracy and sensitivity, FBT seems particularly suitable for nematode surveys in wide geographical areas, where an accurate and rapid detection of present phytoparasitic nematofauna is required.","PeriodicalId":73098,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1000673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47478182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunomodulatory and biological properties of helminth-derived small molecules: Potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics. 蠕虫衍生小分子的免疫调节和生物学特性:在诊断和治疗中的潜在应用

Frontiers in parasitology Pub Date : 2022-09-09 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fpara.2022.984152

Karma Yeshi, Roland Ruscher, Alex Loukas, Phurpa Wangchuk

{"title":"Immunomodulatory and biological properties of helminth-derived small molecules: Potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.","authors":"Karma Yeshi, Roland Ruscher, Alex Loukas, Phurpa Wangchuk","doi":"10.3389/fpara.2022.984152","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpara.2022.984152","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitic helminths secrete and excrete a vast array of molecules known to help skew or suppress the host's immune response, thereby establishing a niche for sustained parasite maintenance. Indeed, the immunomodulatory potency of helminths is attributed mainly to excretory/secretory products (ESPs). The ESPs of helminths and the identified small molecules (SM) are reported to have diverse biological and pharmacological properties. The available literature reports only limited metabolites, and the identity of many metabolites remains unknown due to limitations in the identification protocols and helminth-specific compound libraries. Many metabolites are known to be involved in host-parasite interactions and pathogenicity. For example, fatty acids (e.g., stearic acid) detected in the infective stages of helminths are known to have a role in host interaction through facilitating successful penetration and migration inside the host. Moreover, excreted/secreted SM detected in helminth species are found to possess various biological properties, including anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting their potential in developing immunomodulatory drugs. For example, helminths-derived somatic tissue extracts and whole crude ESPs showed anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and suppressing the pathology in chemically-induced experimental mice model of colitis. Unlike bigger molecules like proteins, SM are ideal candidates for drug development since they are small structures, malleable, and lack immunogenicity. Future studies should strive toward identifying unknown SM and isolating the under-explored niche of helminth metabolites using the latest metabolomics technologies and associated software, which hold potential keys for finding new diagnostics and novel therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":73098,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"984152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47821984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parasite OMICS, the grand challenges ahead. 寄生虫组学，未来的巨大挑战

Frontiers in parasitology Pub Date : 2022-08-05 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fpara.2022.995302

Makedonka Mitreva

引用次数: 0

Molecular Cellular Parasitology: The Decades and Challenges Ahead. 分子细胞寄生虫学:未来的几十年和挑战

Frontiers in parasitology Pub Date : 2022-07-07 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fpara.2022.963515

Mark C Field

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic and Diagnostic Innovation for Parasitology: Grand Challenges. 寄生虫学的治疗和诊断创新：大挑战。

Frontiers in parasitology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.3389/fpara.2022.963671

Richard J Martin

引用次数: 0

Frontiers in Parasitology Grand Challenge. 寄生虫学前沿大挑战

Frontiers in parasitology Pub Date : 2022-04-28 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fpara.2022.902098

Alex Loukas

引用次数: 0

Unravelling var complexity: Relationship between DBLα types and var genes in Plasmodium falciparum. 揭示变异的复杂性：恶性疟原虫中 DBLα 类型与变异基因之间的关系。

Frontiers in parasitology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.3389/fpara.2022.1006341

Mun Hua Tan, Heejung Shim, Yao-Ban Chan, Karen P Day

{"title":"Unravelling var complexity: Relationship between DBLα types and var genes in Plasmodium falciparum.","authors":"Mun Hua Tan, Heejung Shim, Yao-Ban Chan, Karen P Day","doi":"10.3389/fpara.2022.1006341","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpara.2022.1006341","url":null,"abstract":"The enormous diversity and complexity of var genes that diversify rapidly by recombination has led to the exclusion of assembly of these genes from major genome initiatives (e.g., Pf6). A scalable solution in epidemiological surveillance of var genes is to use a small 'tag' region encoding the immunogenic DBLα domain as a marker to estimate var diversity. As var genes diversify by recombination, it is not clear the extent to which the same tag can appear in multiple var genes. This relationship between marker and gene has not been investigated in natural populations. Analyses of in vitro recombination within and between var genes have suggested that this relationship would not be exclusive. Using a dataset of publicly-available assembled var sequences, we test this hypothesis by studying DBLα-var relationships for four study sites in four countries: Pursat (Cambodia) and Mae Sot (Thailand), representing low malaria transmission, and Navrongo (Ghana) and Chikwawa (Malawi), representing high malaria transmission. In all study sites, DBLα-var relationships were shown to be predominantly 1-to-1, followed by a second largest proportion of 1-to-2 DBLα-var relationships. This finding indicates that DBLα tags can be used to estimate not just DBLα diversity but var gene diversity when applied in a local endemic area. Epidemiological applications of this result are discussed.","PeriodicalId":73098,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in parasitology","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10060044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9288204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0