Frontiers in nuclear medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: F-18 FDG PET/CT Imaging: Normal Variants, Pitfalls and Artifacts.","authors":"Jasna M Mihailovic, Ronan P Killeen","doi":"10.3389/fnume.2022.965615","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnume.2022.965615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73095,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nuclear medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":"965615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48504873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Relevance of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance LipoProfile.","authors":"Emmanuel U Emeasoba, Emeka Ibeson, Ifeanyi Nwosu, Nadine Montemarano, Jacob Shani, Vijay S Shetty","doi":"10.3389/fnume.2022.960522","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnume.2022.960522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients is key to reducing their resulting morbidity and mortality. Currently, risk factors are assessed using parameters that include and emphasize the role of the level of cholesterol carried by lipoproteins. Most providers focus on targeting cholesterol levels in patient management. However, recent research shows that lipoprotein particle number is more predictive of cardiovascular risk than cholesterol levels. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) LipoProfile test assesses the number of lipoprotein particles, sizes of lipoproteins, levels of cholesterol, and patient risk categories. Furthermore, it enables the identification of patients with underestimated cardiovascular risks-those with a discordant high number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (LDL-P) despite low cholesterol levels. While the NMR LipoProfile test requires a higher cost and longer waiting time for results in comparison to the lipid panel test, its advantages cannot be ignored. This review article focuses on exploring the routine use of NMR LipoProfile in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73095,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nuclear medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":"960522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43621038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocardial Blood Flow and Flow Reserve in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Obstructive and Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: CZT SPECT Study.","authors":"Konstantin V Zavadovsky, Darya A Vorobyeva, Olga V Mochula, Andrew V Mochula, Alina N Maltseva, Andrew E Bayev, Marina O Gulya, Alessia Gimelli, Vyacheslav V Ryabov","doi":"10.3389/fnume.2022.935539","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnume.2022.935539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To assess single-photon emission computed tomography cadmium-zinc-telluride (SPECT CZT)-derived myocardial blood flow (MBF) flow reserve (MFR) and flow difference (FD) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to compare this data with serum cardiac troponin and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 31 patients with AMI underwent invasive coronary angiography (ICA), serial high-sensitivity serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) measurement, and CZT SPECT with visual and quantitative (MBF, MFR, and FD) perfusion parameters, and contrast-enhanced CMR. All patients with AMI were divided into two groups: (1) with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), <i>n</i> = 10; (2) with obstructive coronary artery disease (MICAD), <i>n</i> = 21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The values of SSS and SRS were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) higher whereas global stress MBF, MFR significantly lower in patients with MICAD as compared to MINOCA - 5.0 (3.0; 5.0) <i>vs</i>. 9.0 (5.0; 13.0); 2.0 (1.0; 3.0) <i>vs</i>. 6.0 (3.0; 11.0); 2.02 (1.71; 2.37) <i>vs</i>. 0.86 (0.72; 1.02) ml/min/g; and 2.61 (2.23; 3.14) <i>vs</i>. 1.67 (1.1; 1.9), respectively. Stress MBF correlated with cTnI at 24 h and day 4: ρ = -0.39; <i>p</i> = 0.03 and ρ = -0.47; <i>p</i> = 0.007, respectively. FD correlated with cTnI at 24 h and day 4: ρ = -0.39; <i>p</i> = 0.03 and ρ = -0.46; <i>p</i> = 0.009. CMR analysis showed that infarct size, MVO and myocardial edema in patients with MICAD were significantly (< 0.05) higher as compared to MINOCA: 19.4 (10.4; 29.7) <i>vs</i>. 1.8 (0.0; 6.9); 0.1 (0.0; 0.7) <i>vs</i>. 0.0 (0.0; 0.0) and 19.5 (12.0;30.0) <i>vs</i>. 3.0 (0.0; 12.0), respectively. According to vessel-based analysis of CMR data, acute myocardial injury (defined as late gadolinium enhancement and myocardial edema) was observed more frequently in patients with MICAD compared to MINOCA: 34(37%) <i>vs</i>. 5(5%) <i>p</i> = 0.005, respectively. The values of regional stress MBF, MFR and FD were significantly decreased in LV territories characterized by myocardial injury compared to those without: 0.98 (0.73; 1.79) <i>vs</i>. 1.33 (0.94; 2.08) <i>p</i> < 0.01, 1.64 (1.0; 2.36) <i>vs</i>. 2.0 (1.53; 2.89) <i>p</i> < 0.01 and 0.33 (0.05; 0.57) <i>vs</i>. 0.56 (0.36; 1.32) <i>p</i>> 0.01, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with AMI, SPECT CZT-derived flow measures were associated with the high-sensitivity troponin I as well as the extent of edema, microvascular obstruction, and infarct size detected by CMR. On the regional level, quantitative SPECT CZT measures were significantly lower in vessel territories characterized by myocardial injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":73095,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nuclear medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":"935539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47858209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DOTA Conjugate of Bisphosphonate and PSMA-Inhibitor: A Promising Combination for Therapy of Prostate Cancer Related Bone Metastases.","authors":"Tilmann Grus, Hanane Lahnif, Nicole Bausbacher, Matthias Miederer, Frank Rösch","doi":"10.3389/fnume.2022.892147","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnume.2022.892147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancer types worldwide. 90% of men with late stage PCa will develop bone metastases. Since the expression level of PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) in bone metastases can vary significantly, a compound is being searched for which accumulates in bone metastases independently of PSMA level. With DOTA-L-Lys(SA.Pam)-PSMA-617, we present a compound that, in addition to a PSMA inhibitor as a target vector, also contains a bisphosphonate that is established as a bone tracer and thus combines the advantages of PSMA targeting and bone targeting. This is a class of small molecules combining targeting of two different targets with the potential advantages for treatment of biologically heterogeneous bone metastasis from prostate cancer. The molecule can be labeled with lutetium-177 and used for the therapy of PCa-related bone metastases. DOTA-L-Lys(SA.Pam)-PSMA-617 was synthesized and radiolabelled in 1 M ammonium acetate buffer pH 5.5 at 95°C. Different amounts of precursor were evaluated. Complex stability was evaluated in three different media. LogD_7.4 value was evaluated via the determination of the equilibrium distribution in a PBS/n-octanol mixture. A hydroxyapatite binding assay was used to evaluate the potential binding to bone metastases. <i>In vitro</i> affinity was determined and K_i value was evaluated. To evaluate the binding potential in mice, <i>ex vivo</i> biodistribution studies were carried out in LNCaP tumor-bearing Balb/c mice. [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-labeling of DOTA-L-Lys(SA.Pam)-PSMA-617 showed quantitative RCY within 10 min and high complex stability over 14 days. The lipophilicity of the labeled compound was similar to the lipophilicity of the reference compound [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and showed an excellent and selective HAP binding of 98.2 ± 0.11%. With a K_i of 42.3 ± 7.7 nM PSMA binding affinity is lower in comparison to [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. First <i>ex vivo</i> biodistribution studies with LNCaP tumor-bearing Balb/c mice showed a PSMA dependent tumor accumulation of 4.2 ± 0.7%ID/g and a femur accumulation of 3.4 ± 0.4%ID/g. [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTA-L-Lys(SA.Pam)-PSMA-617 is a promising compound for therapy of PCa related bone and tissue metastases. Accumulation on the bone metastases <i>via</i> two mechanisms also enables the treatment of bone metastases that show little or no PSMA expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":73095,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nuclear medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":"892147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41938494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Squaric Acid Bisphposphonates for Theranostics of Bone Metastasis - the Easy DOTA-Zoledronate.","authors":"Lukas Greifenstein, Nils Engelbogen, Domokos Máthé, Tilmann Grus, Frank Rösch, Ralf Bergmann","doi":"10.3389/fnume.2022.870910","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnume.2022.870910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphosponates are an interesting molecular class and in recent years their application has found its way into radiopharmaceutical research and thus into molecular imaging. In addition to great imaging of bone metastases, bisphospnate-based tracers for imaging also have some significant drawbacks. For example, their synthesis is often difficult. Additionally, this can lead to complex and almost impossible purification and quality control. This has limited the production and labeling of suitable molecular and their widespread use to a few facilities. Our squaric acid-based approach provides a way to overcome these problems and makes the synthesis as well as the purification of the compounds much easier. In addition, we were able to demonstrate that labeling with ⁶⁸Ga is possible under the typical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73095,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nuclear medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":"870910"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44705825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Molecular Imaging in Multiple Myeloma: An Update and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Antonia Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss, Christos Sachpekidis, Constantin Lapa","doi":"10.3389/fnume.2022.904502","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnume.2022.904502","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73095,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nuclear medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":"904502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44455110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclotrons Operated for Nuclear Medicine and Radiopharmacy in the German Speaking D-A-CH Countries: An Update on Current Status and Trends.","authors":"Claus Zippel, Johannes Ermert, Marianne Patt, Franz Josef Gildehaus, Tobias L Ross, Gerald Reischl, Torsten Kuwert, Christoph Solbach, Bernd Neumaier, Oliver Kiss, Markus Mitterhauser, Wolfgang Wadsak, Roger Schibli, Klaus Kopka","doi":"10.3389/fnume.2022.850414","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnume.2022.850414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cyclotrons form a central infrastructure and are a resource of medical radionuclides for the development of new radiotracers as well as the production and supply of clinically established radiopharmaceuticals for patient care in nuclear medicine.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To provide an updated overview of the number and characteristics of cyclotrons that are currently in use within radiopharmaceutical sciences and for the development of radiopharmaceuticals to be used for patient care in Nuclear Medicine in Germany (D), Austria (A) and Switzerland (CH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Publicly available information on the cyclotron infrastructure was (i) consolidated and updated, (ii) supplemented by selective desktop research and, last but not least, (iii) validated by members of the committee of the academic \"Working Group Radiochemistry and Radiopharmacy\" (AGRR), consisting of radiochemists and radiopharmacists of the D-A-CH countries and belonging to the German Society of Nuclear Medicine (DGN), as well as the Radiopharmaceuticals Committee of the DGN.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 42 cyclotrons were identified that are currently being operated for medical radionuclide production for imaging and therapy in Nuclear Medicine clinics, 32 of them in Germany, 4 in Austria and 6 in Switzerland. Two thirds of the cyclotrons reported (67%) are operated by universities, university hospitals or research institutions close to a university hospital, less by/in cooperation with industrial partners (29%) or a non-academic clinic/ PET-center (5%). Most of the cyclotrons (88%) are running with up to 18 MeV proton beams, which is sufficient for the production of the currently most common cyclotron-based radionuclides for PET imaging.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The data presented provide an academically-updated overview of the medical cyclotrons operated for the production of radiopharmaceuticals and their use in Nuclear Medicine in the D-A-CH countries. In this context, we discuss current developments and trends with a view to the cyclotron infrastructure in these countries, with a specific focus on organizational aspects.</p>","PeriodicalId":73095,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nuclear medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":"850414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48123598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ki67 Immunohistochemical Expression Level ≥70%, Bulky Presentation ≥7.5 cm, Meningeal Lymphomatosis, and Interim PET ΔSUVmax After 4 Treatment Cycles <71% as Parts of a Practical Scoring System to Predict Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.","authors":"Vincent Rebière, Meriem Maajem, Ronan Le Calloch, Leela Raj, Anne-Sophie Le Bris, Mohamed Malou, François Salmon, Isabelle Quintin-Roué, Adrian Tempescul, David Bourhis, Laura Samaison, Hussam Saad, Pierre-Yves Salaun, Christian Berthou, Jean-Christophe Ianotto, Ronan Abgral, Jean-Richard Eveillard","doi":"10.3389/fnume.2022.829138","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnume.2022.829138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, prognostic models in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) fail to closely reflect patients' biological, clinical, and survival heterogeneity. We, therefore, assessed the impact of clinical, biological, immunohistochemical (IHC), baseline (0), and interim (after 2 and 4 treatment cycles) PET (PET0, PET2, and PET4) data not yet included in any scoring system on DLBCL outcome. The analysis was conducted on 89 previously untreated adult patients of the Finistere Observatory Cohort (O.Ly.Fin) with documented DLBCL, recruited between January 2010 and December 2017, with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) as primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. Seventy-eight patients were treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxyadriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), while 11 received R-dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and hydroxyadriamycin (EPOCH). Patients were followed up until June 20, 2020. On multivariate analysis, Ki67 ≥ 70% on IHC (K), bulky presentation ≥7.5 cm (B), meningeal lymphomatosis (M), and PET0-PET4 ΔSUVmax <71% (P4) were identified as strong independent predictors of PFS, and all variables but bulky disease also strongly and independently predicted OS. Using these 4 parameters, we designed a scoring model named KBMP4 stratifying patients into low- (0 parameter), intermediate- (1 or 2), and high-risk (≥3) subgroups by the Kaplan-Meier analysis. At a median follow-up of 43 months, PFS and OS were both 100% in the low-risk subgroup, 71.4 and 90.5%, respectively, in the intermediate-risk subgroup, and 0 and 55.5%, respectively, in the high-risk subgroup. Use of the KBMP4 model in clinical practice may improve accuracy in prognostic prediction and treatment decisions in <i>de novo</i> DLBCL patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73095,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nuclear medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":"829138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49048244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of <i>in silico</i> Methods for Prediction of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Small Molecule PET Tracers.","authors":"E Johanna L Stéen, Danielle J Vugts, Albert D Windhorst","doi":"10.3389/fnume.2022.853475","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnume.2022.853475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Designing positron emission tomography (PET) tracers for targets in the central nervous system (CNS) is challenging. Besides showing high affinity and high selectivity for their intended target, these tracers have to be able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Since only a small fraction of small molecules is estimated to be able to cross the BBB, tools that can predict permeability at an early stage during the development are of great importance. One such tool is <i>in silico</i> models for predicting BBB-permeability. Thus far, such models have been built based on CNS drugs, with one exception. Herein, we sought to discuss and analyze if <i>in silico</i> predictions that have been built based on CNS drugs can be applied for CNS PET tracers as well, or if dedicated models are needed for the latter. Depending on what is taken into account in the prediction, i.e., passive diffusion or also active influx/efflux, there may be a need for a model build on CNS PET tracers. Following a brief introduction, an overview of a few selected <i>in silico</i> BBB-permeability predictions is provided along with a short historical background to the topic. In addition, a combination of previously reported CNS PET tracer datasets were assessed in a couple of selected models and guidelines for predicting BBB-permeability. The selected models were either predicting only passive diffusion or also the influence of ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) parameters. To conclude, we discuss the potential need of a prediction model dedicated for CNS PET tracers and present the key issues in respect to setting up a such a model.</p>","PeriodicalId":73095,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nuclear medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":"853475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43098390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT Imaging: Normal Variants, Pitfalls, and Artifacts Musculoskeletal, Infection, and Inflammation.","authors":"Olwethu Mbakaza, Mboyo-Di-Tamba Willy Vangu","doi":"10.3389/fnume.2022.847810","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnume.2022.847810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is an integral part of modern-day practice, especially in the management of individuals presenting with malignant processes. The use of this novel imaging modality in oncology has been rapidly evolving. However, due to its detection of cellular metabolism, it is not truly tumor specific. ¹⁸F-FDG is also used in the detection of infective and inflammatory disorders. One of the challenges experienced with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging is the correct differentiation of abnormal uptake that is potentially pathologic, from physiological uptake. Imaging readers, particularly the nuclear physicians, therefore need to be aware of normal physiological variants of uptake, as well as potential pitfalls and artifacts when imaging with ¹⁸F-FDG. This is true for musculoskeletal uptake, where more than often, infective and inflammatory processes should not be mistaken for malignancy. This article aims to provide a pictorial review and analysis of cases that depict musculoskeletal, infective, and inflammatory uptake as normal variants, pitfalls, and artifacts on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging. The impact of this article is to help in the minimizing of poor imaging quality, erroneous interpretations and diminishes misdiagnoses that may impact on the adequate management of patients with undesirable consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":73095,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nuclear medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"2 1","pages":"847810"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41490202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}