Frontiers in neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Resting-State fMRI Can Detect Alterations in Seizure Onset and Spread Regions in Patients with Non-Lesional Epilepsy: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Anish V Sathe,&nbsp;Caio M Matias,&nbsp;Michael Kogan,&nbsp;Isaiah Ailes,&nbsp;Mashaal Syed,&nbsp;KiChang Kang,&nbsp;Jingya Miao,&nbsp;Kiran Talekar,&nbsp;Scott Faro,&nbsp;Feroze B Mohamed,&nbsp;Joseph Tracy,&nbsp;Ashwini Sharan,&nbsp;Mahdi Alizadeh","doi":"10.3389/fnimg.2023.1109546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2023.1109546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Epilepsy is defined as non-lesional (NLE) when a lesion cannot be localized via standard neuroimaging. NLE is known to have a poor response to surgery. Stereotactic electroencephalography (sEEG) can detect functional connectivity (FC) between zones of seizure onset (OZ) and early (ESZ) and late (LSZ) spread. We examined whether resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) can detect FC alterations in NLE to see whether noninvasive imaging techniques can localize areas of seizure propagation to potentially target for intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of 8 patients with refractory NLE who underwent sEEG electrode implantation and 10 controls. The OZ, ESZ, and LSZ were identified by generating regions around sEEG contacts that recorded seizure activity. Amplitude synchronization analysis was used to detect the correlation of the OZ to the ESZ. This was also done using the OZ and ESZ of each NLE patient for each control. Patients with NLE were compared to controls individually using Wilcoxon tests and as a group using Mann-Whitney tests. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), degree of centrality (DoC), and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) were calculated as the difference between NLE and controls and compared between the OZ and ESZ and to zero. A general linear model was used with age as a covariate with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five out of 8 patients with NLE showed decreased correlations from the OZ to the ESZ. Group analysis showed patients with NLE had lower connectivity with the ESZ. Patients with NLE showed higher fALFF and ReHo in the OZ but not the ESZ, and higher DoC in the OZ and ESZ. Our results indicate that patients with NLE show high levels of activity but dysfunctional connections in seizure-related areas.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>rsfMRI analysis showed decreased connectivity directly between seizure-related areas, while FC metric analysis revealed increases in local and global connectivity in seizure-related areas. FC analysis of rsfMRI can detect functional disruption that may expose the pathophysiology underlying NLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":73094,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in neuroimaging","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10194331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9496973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Brain imaging techniques to measure treatment related effect.","authors":"Natalie M Zahr,&nbsp;Assaf Harel,&nbsp;Efrat Sasson","doi":"10.3389/fnimg.2023.1238295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2023.1238295","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Zahr, Harel and Sasson. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Brain imaging techniques to measure treatment related e ect","PeriodicalId":73094,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in neuroimaging","volume":"2 ","pages":"1238295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10406251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10332276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: autohrf-an R package for generating data-informed event models for general linear modeling of task-based fMRI data.","authors":"Nina Purg,&nbsp;Jure Demšar,&nbsp;Alan Anticevic,&nbsp;Grega Repovš","doi":"10.3389/fnimg.2023.1158159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2023.1158159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2022.983324.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73094,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in neuroimaging","volume":"2 ","pages":"1158159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10406301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10332277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging mitochondria through bone in live mice using two-photon fluorescence microscopy with adaptive optics.","authors":"Tianyi Zheng,&nbsp;Adrian R Liversage,&nbsp;Kayvan F Tehrani,&nbsp;Jarrod A Call,&nbsp;Peter A Kner,&nbsp;Luke J Mortensen","doi":"10.3389/fnimg.2023.959601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2023.959601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mitochondria are extremely important organelles in the regulation of bone marrow and brain activity. However, live imaging of these subcellular features with high resolution in scattering tissues like brain or bone has proven challenging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we developed a two-photon fluorescence microscope with adaptive optics (TPFM-AO) for high-resolution imaging, which uses a home-built Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) to correct system aberrations and a sensorless approach for correcting low order tissue aberrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using AO increases the fluorescence intensity of the point spread function (PSF) and achieves fast imaging of subcellular organelles with 400 nm resolution through 85 μm of highly scattering tissue. We achieved ~1.55×, ~3.58×, and ~1.77× intensity increases using AO, and a reduction of the PSF width by ~0.83×, ~0.74×, and ~0.9× at the depths of 0, 50 μm and 85 μm in living mouse bone marrow respectively, allowing us to characterize mitochondrial health and the survival of functioning cells with a field of view of 67.5× 67.5 μm. We also investigate the role of initial signal and background levels in sample correction quality by varying the laser power and camera exposure time and develop an intensity-based criteria for sample correction.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study demonstrates a promising tool for imaging of mitochondria and other organelles in optically distorting biological environments, which could facilitate the study of a variety of diseases connected to mitochondrial morphology and activity in a range of biological tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":73094,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in neuroimaging","volume":"2 ","pages":"959601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10406258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9963088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-state functional MRI in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.","authors":"Noora Tuovinen,&nbsp;Alex Hofer","doi":"10.3389/fnimg.2023.1127508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2023.1127508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abnormalities in brain regions involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) may present insight into individual clinical symptoms. Specifically, functional connectivity irregularities may provide potential biomarkers for treatment response or treatment resistance, as such changes can occur before any structural changes are visible. We reviewed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) findings from the last decade to provide an overview of the current knowledge on brain functional connectivity abnormalities and their associations to symptoms in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia (UTRS) and to look for support for the dysconnection hypothesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed database was searched for articles published in the last 10 years applying rs-fMRI in TRS patients, i.e., who had not responded to at least two adequate treatment trials with different antipsychotic drugs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen articles were selected for this review involving 648 participants (TRS and control cohorts). The studies showed frontal hypoconnectivity before the initiation of treatment with CLZ or riluzole, an increase in frontal connectivity after riluzole treatment, fronto-temporal hypoconnectivity that may be specific for non-responders, widespread abnormal connectivity during mixed treatments, and ECT-induced effects on the limbic system.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Probably due to the heterogeneity in the patient cohorts concerning antipsychotic treatment and other clinical variables (e.g., treatment response, lifetime antipsychotic drug exposure, duration of illness, treatment adherence), widespread abnormalities in connectivity were noted. However, irregularities in frontal brain regions, especially in the prefrontal cortex, were noted which are consistent with previous SCZ literature and the dysconnectivity hypothesis. There were major limitations, as most studies did not differentiate between TRS and UTRS (i.e., CLZ-resistant schizophrenia) and investigated heterogeneous cohorts treated with mixed treatments (with or without CLZ). This is critical as in different subtypes of the disorder an interplay between dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways involving frontal, striatal, and hippocampal brain regions in separate ways is likely. Better definitions of TRS and UTRS are necessary in future longitudinal studies to correctly differentiate brain regions underlying the pathophysiology of SCZ, which could serve as potential functional biomarkers for treatment resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":73094,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in neuroimaging","volume":"2 ","pages":"1127508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10406237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9956741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: New insights into the disorder of brain connectivity in schizophrenia.","authors":"Weikai Li,&nbsp;Md Mamun Al-Amin,&nbsp;Aarti Nair","doi":"10.3389/fnimg.2023.1266695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2023.1266695","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Li, Al-Amin and Nair. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: New insights into the disorder of brain connectivity in schizophrenia","PeriodicalId":73094,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in neuroimaging","volume":"2 ","pages":"1266695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10497853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10591726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control-theoretic integration of stimulation and electrophysiology for cognitive enhancement.","authors":"Matthew F Singh, Michael W Cole, Todd S Braver, ShiNung Ching","doi":"10.3389/fnimg.2022.982288","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnimg.2022.982288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) technology and neuroimaging are increasingly coupled in basic and applied science. This synergy has enabled individualized tES therapy and facilitated causal inferences in functional neuroimaging. However, traditional tES paradigms have been stymied by relatively small changes in neural activity and high inter-subject variability in cognitive effects. In this perspective, we propose a tES framework to treat these issues which is grounded in dynamical systems and control theory. The proposed paradigm involves a tight coupling of tES and neuroimaging in which M/EEG is used to parameterize generative brain models as well as control tES delivery in a hybrid closed-loop fashion. We also present a novel quantitative framework for cognitive enhancement driven by a new computational objective: shaping how the brain reacts to potential \"inputs\" (e.g., task contexts) rather than enforcing a fixed pattern of brain activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":73094,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in neuroimaging","volume":"1 ","pages":"982288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10406304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10319940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic measure and normalization of spinal cord cross-sectional area using the pontomedullary junction.","authors":"Sandrine Bédard, Julien Cohen-Adad","doi":"10.3389/fnimg.2022.1031253","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnimg.2022.1031253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal cord cross-sectional area (CSA) is a relevant biomarker to assess spinal cord atrophy in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the considerable inter-subject variability among healthy participants currently limits its usage. Previous studies explored factors contributing to the variability, yet the normalization models required manual intervention and used vertebral levels as a reference, which is an imprecise prediction of the spinal levels. In this study we implemented a method to measure CSA automatically from a spatial reference based on the central nervous system (the pontomedullary junction, PMJ), we investigated factors to explain variability, and developed normalization strategies on a large cohort (<i>N</i> = 804). Following automatic spinal cord segmentation, vertebral labeling and PMJ labeling, the spinal cord CSA was computed on T1w MRI scans from the UK Biobank database. The CSA was computed using two methods. For the first method, the CSA was computed at the level of the C2-C3 intervertebral disc. For the second method, the CSA was computed at 64 mm caudally from the PMJ, this distance corresponding to the average distance between the PMJ and the C2-C3 disc across all participants. The effect of various demographic and anatomical factors was explored, and a stepwise regression found significant predictors; the coefficients of the best fit model were used to normalize CSA. CSA measured at C2-C3 disc and using the PMJ differed significantly (paired <i>t</i>-test, <i>p</i>-value = 0.0002). The best normalization model included thalamus, brain volume, sex and the interaction between brain volume and sex. The coefficient of variation went down for PMJ CSA from 10.09 (without normalization) to 8.59%, a reduction of 14.85%. For CSA at C2-C3, it went down from 9.96 to 8.42%, a reduction of 15.13 %. This study introduces an end-to-end automatic pipeline to measure and normalize cord CSA from a neurological reference. This approach requires further validation to assess atrophy in longitudinal studies. The inter-subject variability of CSA can be partly accounted for by demographics and anatomical factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":73094,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in neuroimaging","volume":"1 ","pages":"1031253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10406309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10319949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of contrast and texture based image modifications on the performance and attention shift of U-Net models for brain tissue segmentation.","authors":"Suhang You,&nbsp;Mauricio Reyes","doi":"10.3389/fnimg.2022.1012639","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnimg.2022.1012639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contrast and texture modifications applied during training or test-time have recently shown promising results to enhance the generalization performance of deep learning segmentation methods in medical image analysis. However, a deeper understanding of this phenomenon has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated this phenomenon using a controlled experimental setting, using datasets from the Human Connectome Project and a large set of simulated MR protocols, in order to mitigate data confounders and investigate possible explanations as to why model performance changes when applying different levels of contrast and texture-based modifications. Our experiments confirm previous findings regarding the improved performance of models subjected to contrast and texture modifications employed during training and/or testing time, but further show the interplay when these operations are combined, as well as the regimes of model improvement/worsening across scanning parameters. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate a spatial attention shift phenomenon of trained models, occurring for different levels of model performance, and varying in relation to the type of applied image modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":73094,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in neuroimaging","volume":"1 ","pages":"1012639"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10406260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10319939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity in incarcerated women with elevated psychopathic traits.","authors":"Corey H Allen, J Michael Maurer, Bethany G Edwards, Aparna R Gullapalli, Carla L Harenski, Keith A Harenski, Vince D Calhoun, Kent A Kiehl","doi":"10.3389/fnimg.2022.971201","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnimg.2022.971201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous work in incarcerated men suggests that individuals scoring high on psychopathy exhibit aberrant resting-state paralimbic functional network connectivity (FNC). However, it is unclear whether similar results extend to women scoring high on psychopathy. This study examined whether psychopathic traits [assessed <i>via</i> the Hare Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R)] were associated with aberrant inter-network connectivity, intra-network connectivity (i.e., functional coherence within a network), and amplitude of fluctuations across limbic and surrounding paralimbic regions among incarcerated women (<i>n</i> = 297). Resting-state networks were identified by applying group Independent Component Analysis to resting-state fMRI scans. We tested the association of psychopathic traits (PCL-R Factor 1 measuring interpersonal/affective psychopathic traits and PCL-R Factor 2 assessing lifestyle/antisocial psychopathic traits) to the three FNC measures. PCL-R Factor 1 scores were associated with increased low-frequency fluctuations in executive control and attentional networks, decreased high-frequency fluctuations in executive control and visual networks, and decreased intra-network FNC in default mode network. PCL-R Factor 2 scores were associated with decreased high-frequency fluctuations and default mode networks, and both increased and decreased intra-network functional connectivity in visual networks. Similar to previous analyses in incarcerated men, our results suggest that psychopathic traits among incarcerated women are associated with aberrant intra-network amplitude fluctuations and connectivity across multiple networks including limbic and surrounding paralimbic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73094,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in neuroimaging","volume":"1 ","pages":"971201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10406317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10338074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}