Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Hepatoprotective effects of oyster-derived bioactive compounds in alcoholic liver disease: a systematic review.","authors":"Rui Chen, Yanan Qin, Ping Yu","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2026.1737942","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fgstr.2026.1737942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major global cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, driven by excessive alcohol consumption and characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, disordered lipid metabolism, and gut-liver axis dysfunction. Oyster-derived bioactive compounds have shown hepatoprotective potential in experimental settings; however, their efficacy and role in ALD management remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically evaluate and synthesize preclinical and clinical evidence on oyster-derived bioactive compounds for the prevention and treatment of ALD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies examining oyster-derived bioactives, including polysaccharides, peptides, protein hydrolysates, and related extracts, in alcohol-induced liver injury models. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE tool for animal studies and RoB 2.0 for human trials. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising ten animal studies and one randomized controlled trial. In animal models, oyster-derived interventions reduced alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels by approximately 34-56%, increased antioxidant defenses (glutathione and superoxide dismutase increased by up to 45% and 40%, respectively), and decreased inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Improvements in lipid metabolism and gut-liver axis markers were also reported in several studies. The single human trial demonstrated a modest reduction in γ-glutamyl transferase, with no significant changes in ALT or AST. Overall, the certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low, reflecting methodological heterogeneity, risk of bias, and limited human data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oyster-derived bioactives consistently demonstrate hepatoprotective effects in preclinical models of ALD through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, metabolic, and gut-mediated mechanisms. However, the current evidence base is preliminary, and well-designed, adequately powered clinical trials are required to determine their clinical efficacy, optimal formulation, and long-term safety.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251104584, identifier CRD420251104584.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"5 ","pages":"1737942"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of 386 alternative medicinal products implicated in liver injury reveal clinically relevant associations with potentially hepatotoxic botanicals, pharmaceutical adulteration, heavy metal contamination, and undisclosed animal content.","authors":"Cyriac Abby Philips, Tharun Tom Oommen, Arif Hussain Theruvath, Aryalakshmi Sreemohan, Ambily Baby, Rizwan Ahamed, Ajit Tharakan, Philip Augustine","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2026.1784785","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fgstr.2026.1784785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)-related hepatotoxicity is a growing global concern. We utilized multi-modal analysis to characterize CAM product safety and identify predictors of severe liver injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 386 CAM products from 91 consecutive patients (mean 4.2 products/patient) presenting with CAM-related adverse events at a tertiary center in South India (2021-2023). Product-level analyses characterize the CAM supply chain while patient-level analyses inform clinical outcome associations. Investigations included ingredient documentation, heavy metal quantification, and GC-MS compound profiling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean patient age was 48.2 years (75.8% male). ACLF occurred in 39.6% of all patients (36/91) and 41.9% of those with hepatic adverse events (36/86), with associated mortality of 38.9% (14/36) compared to 10.9% (6/55) in non-ACLF presentations (OR 5.20, P = 0.004). Heavy metals exceeded WHO limits in many products: mercury (34%), cadmium (25%), arsenic (21%), and lead (14%). Cadmium exposure exceeding WHO limits showed a strong association with ACLF (75.9% vs 22.6%, P<0.001, FDR q<0.001). The association with mortality did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons (34.5% vs 16.1%, uncorrected P = 0.061, FDR q=0.24). Undeclared pharmaceutical adulteration (at least one adulterant found in 27.7% of products; exposure to at least one adulterated product in 46.2% of patients) and animal-derived content (31.3%) were prevalent. Notably, unlabeled product consumption significantly predicted mortality (P = 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CAM-associated liver injury frequently manifests as ACLF with high mortality, driven by pervasive heavy metal contamination and adulteration. Unlabeled product exposure is a strong mortality predictor, highlighting the urgent need for mandatory product surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"5 ","pages":"1784785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13012947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive models for post-ERCP pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zhihang Zhong, Li Liu, Jia Liu, Qin Xie, Jing Wu","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2025.1629698","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fgstr.2025.1629698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common complication following ERCP, leading to significant clinical and economic consequences. Predictive models for PEP can help identify high-risk patients and guide preventive strategies. However, the performance of these models varies, and a comprehensive evaluation is lacking. This study aims to assess the accuracy, reliability, and risk of bias in existing predictive models for PEP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI) for studies published until January 2025. Studies that developed or validated predictive models for PEP were included. Models with external validation sets were included in a meta-analysis. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and calibration. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed, with heterogeneity assessed using I² statistics. Data extraction and risk of bias were conducted using a standardized template combining the CHARMS and PROBAST tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three studies (21 model development studies and 2 external validation studies) were included, presenting 21 predictive models for PEP. Nine models incorporated external validation, with one study recalibrating an existing model and another externally validating two prior models. The mean events per variable (EPV) across studies was 10.2 (2.2 to 22.4). The pooled AUC for externally validated models was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.75-0.83). Machine learning models demonstrated higher AUC (0.84) than traditional logistic regression models (0.76). Common predictive factors included difficult cannulation, female sex, pancreatic duct dilation, and a history of pancreatitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Predictive models for PEP show potential for improving patient risk stratification. However, variability in model performance, lack of external validation, and significant bias in many studies limit their clinical applicability. Further external validation, model refinement, and improved bias control are essential for broader clinical implementation.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024626168, identifier CRD42024626168.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"4 ","pages":"1629698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13000349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147500643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialty grand challenge in gastrointestinal infections.","authors":"Sahil Khanna","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2026.1808344","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fgstr.2026.1808344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"5 ","pages":"1808344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12989323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147476348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of thalidomide in angiodysplasia-related gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review.","authors":"Junaid Khan, Amna Yousaf Shah, Aamir Asif Khan, Ruqaiya Shahid Raja, Zubair Ahmed, Mahad Shahid Raja, Simona Eng, Qamar Iqbal","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2026.1669563","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fgstr.2026.1669563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Angiodysplasia of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a leading cause of occult GI bleeding, and its management remains challenging. Various pharmacologic and endoscopic therapies are used with limited success. This systematic review evaluates the clinical efficacy of thalidomide in angiodysplasia-related GI bleeding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL using MeSH terms \"Vascular malformations\" OR \"Angiodysplasia\" AND \"Thalidomide,\" covering the period from 1994 to February 16, 2024. We included clinical trials and case series with at least five adult patients treated with thalidomide for angiodysplasia-related GI bleeding. Six studies met the inclusion criteria: two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one retrospective observational study, and three case series.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 265 patients were included, with a median age of 63.5 years; 37% were male. Angiodysplasia was diagnosed using endoscopy, colonoscopy, or push enteroscopy. Clinical outcomes varied across studies. Garrido et al. reported an 84% response rate based on hemoglobin improvement. In an RCT, Chen et al. demonstrated reduced bleeding episodes in 68.6% of patients receiving thalidomide 100 mg compared with 51% in the 50 mg group. Ge et al. reported a response rate of 71.4% (20/28) in the thalidomide group versus 3.7% (1/27) in the iron group (risk difference 67.7%, 95% CI 51.1-84.2). Common adverse effects included constipation, dizziness, fatigue, limb numbness, and peripheral neuropathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thalidomide appears effective in reducing bleeding episodes in angiodysplasia-related GI bleeding. However, heterogeneity in dosing, outcome definitions, and safety reporting highlights the need for larger, standardized trials to clarify optimal treatment strategies and long-term safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"5 ","pages":"1669563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of late biliary complications in pediatric liver transplant recipients.","authors":"Davide Cussa, Michele Pinon, Andrea Doriguzzi Breatta, Marco Fronda, Pier Luigi Calvo, Renato Romagnoli","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2025.1653955","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fgstr.2025.1653955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of pediatric liver transplant recipients with long-term follow-up exceeding 20 years is steadily increasing. These patients are characterized not only by their extensive medical histories but also by their long future life expectancy. In this context, careful management of post-transplant complications, including biliary issues, is essential. We identified 40 patients from our 193 pediatric transplants performed since the program's inception in 1995, with more than 20 years of follow-up at our center. Thirteen of these patients developed either early or late biliary complications. Five developed complications within the first post-transplant year, while eight developed late complications, which are the main focus of this study. We detail the management of biliary complications in these patients, providing an in-depth analysis of four case models and an overview of the remaining patients. In addition to the standard interventional options, such as percutaneous bilioplasties and surgical revisions of anastomoses, we identified a subgroup that may benefit from a more conservative approach, provided they are closely monitored through a rigorous follow-up protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"4 ","pages":"1653955"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing therapeutic frontiers: a pipeline of novel drugs for UC management.","authors":"Luisa Bertin, Alessandro Massano, Carlo Redavid, Marco Scarpa, Cesare Ruffolo, Imerio Angriman, Andrea Buda, Fabiana Zingone, Brigida Barberio, Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2026.1747118","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fgstr.2026.1747118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with rising global prevalence. Despite therapeutic advances including biologic agents targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha, integrins, and interleukin pathways, alongside Janus kinase inhibitors and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, substantial unmet needs persist in moderate to severe disease. Current advanced therapies achieve clinical response rates of only 30-60% in trials, with approximately 20% of patients requiring hospitalization and 7% undergoing colectomy within five years of diagnosis. The therapeutic pipeline for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis currently encompasses over 100 investigational agents in Phase II and III clinical development. Emerging mechanisms include next-generation Janus kinase and tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitors with enhanced selectivity, novel cell trafficking modulators, advanced tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition strategies, and selective interleukin-23 pathway antagonists. Tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A pathway inhibitors demonstrate particularly robust efficacy in early trials, with clinical remission rates exceeding 25% compared to less than 2% for placebo. Additional promising approaches target immune checkpoint pathways, receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, and intracellular signaling cascades. innovative combination therapy approaches demonstrated to achieve superior response rates compared to monotherapy. The convergence of novel therapeutic targets, gut-selective compounds minimizing systemic immunosuppression, and biomarker-guided therapy selection represents a paradigm shift toward precision medicine. These advances hold genuine promise for transforming moderate to severe ulcerative colitis management.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"5 ","pages":"1747118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MASH and the race for liver antifibrotics.","authors":"Quin Wills","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2025.1704078","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fgstr.2025.1704078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), along with other chronic liver diseases, leads to progressive fibrosis and, ultimately, cirrhosis. Liver fibrosis is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. Although past efforts to develop antifibrotic drugs have largely failed, recent advances in MASH metabolic therapies offer new hope. These include both indirect-acting agents such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues, which reduce liver fat by promoting weight loss, and therapies with direct-acting mechanisms on the liver, such as thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRβ) activators and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogues. This perspective summarises emerging antifibrotics, from the fast-evolving class of metabolic therapies through to the more sluggish development of non-metabolic antifibrotics. We consider future therapeutic combinations and patient stratifiers that may impact patient outcomes, and close by asking if fibrosis reversal should be the only goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"4 ","pages":"1704078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New-onset diabetes as an emerging risk group for early detection of pancreatic cancer: current evidence, clinical challenge, and future directions.","authors":"Lan Valerie Tao, Joanna M Karasinska, Vanessa G P Souza, Jonathan M Loree, James D Johnson, Daniel J Renouf, David F Schaeffer","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2025.1645459","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fgstr.2025.1645459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease characterized by late-stage manifestation and relative resistance to standard therapies. Challenges with early detection and a paucity of effective therapies lead to one of the lowest 5-year survival rates among all cancers. Individuals around 50 years and over presenting with new onset diabetes (NOD) have a higher risk for PDAC diagnosis within 3 years of diabetes onset compared to the rest of the population. In this review, we contextualize NOD within other types of diabetes presentations such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and type 3 diabetes (T3cD), unravel the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and PDAC, and highlight potential biomarkers that may distinguish PDAC-associated diabetes from other predominant types of diabetes. Although practical applications of NOD currently fall short from being clinically actionable, clinical trials are underway to stratify NOD patients with PDAC-associated diabetes. Ultimately, these efforts could offer the rationale to implement early detection screening strategies to this subgroup of PDAC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"4 ","pages":"1645459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ischemic proctitis caused by a superior rectal arteriovenous fistula: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Jiaqi Dong, Ming Zhao, Fengju Yuan, Ni Huang","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2025.1700403","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fgstr.2025.1700403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemic proctitis is a rare but severe condition characterized by ischemic injury to the rectum due to insufficient blood supply from the vessels feeding the rectum. Due to the rectum's rich collateral circulation, ischemic proctitis is uncommon. We present a case of a 61-year-old man with ischemic proctitis presenting primarily with rectal bleeding. Angiography confirmed the presence of a superior rectal arteriovenous fistula. The diagnostic process was quite challenging. The patient underwent endoscopic hemostasis and interventional embolization, and eventually underwent proctectomy due to rectal stenosis. A literature review on ischemic proctitis is also included.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"4 ","pages":"1700403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}