Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Potential contribution of GST-T1 and GST-M1 polymorphisms in the onset of hepatic steatosis: from radiological to molecular and medico-legal analyses.","authors":"Vincenzo Cianci, Cristina Mondello, Gennaro Baldino, Giovanna Spatari, Angela Alibrandi, Alessio Cianci, Annalisa Cracò, Patrizia Gualniera, Alessio Asmundo, Michele Gaeta, Concetto Giorgianni, Daniela Sapienza","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2024.1393282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2024.1393282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of chronic liver disease in the world, and it is characterized by an excessive hepatic fat accumulation in more than 5% of hepatocytes documented by histology in the absence of alcohol consumption. It is a multifactorial pathology, where genetic component plays a fundamental role: the loss-of-function polymorphisms of genes coding for glutathione S-transferases would predispose to the pathology onset, also in the absence of other risk factors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation between the \"NULL\" GST-T1 and GST-M1 polymorphisms and the onset of NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A group of 117 \"apparently healthy\" Caucasian volunteers, selected from a larger population through the analysis of previously administered short questionnaires, underwent both magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) and buccal swabs: the aim was to identify the possible presence of hepatic steatosis and of the aforementioned \"NULL\" polymorphisms of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant association between the <i>GST-T1</i> and <i>GST-M1</i> \"NULL\" genotypes and the probability of developing NAFLD has been identified. In particular, the <i>GST-T1</i> \"NULL\" genotype has been associated with a greater probability of developing steatosis in early age, while the <i>GST-M1</i> \"NULL\" genotype seems to increase the risk of developing a higher grade of steatosis. No statistically significant correlations between the \"NULL\" genotype and sex have been detected.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Among the numerous risk factors capable of predisposing to NAFLD onset and progression, the genetic factors seem to play an important role. In particular, <i>GST-T1</i> and <i>GST-M1</i> \"NULL\" polymorphisms would appear to acquire even greater importance, as their loss of function results in an increase of oxidative stress. At high concentrations, ROS can determine oxidative modifications of cellular macromolecules, such as lipids, determining their accumulation into hepatocytes. The study also highlighted the importance of MRI-PDFF for hepatic steatosis diagnosis: this method allows the acquisition of data comparable to those of conventional biopsy; however, it permits the entire liver parenchyma to be visualized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A statistically significant correlation between the presence of <i>GST-T1</i> and <i>GST-M1</i> \"NULL\" genotypes and the presence of hepatic steatosis has been found.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"3 ","pages":"1393282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reg protein family: potential new targets for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.","authors":"Anqi Yao, Cuilan Huang, Xuyang Wang, Renmin Zhou, Wujuan Hao, Qiong Lin","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2024.1386069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2024.1386069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and an elevated risk of colorectal cancer due to persistent inflammation. The Regenerating gene (Reg) family proteins exhibit properties that promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, reduce inflammation, combat microbial infections, and potentially modulate the immune system. There is increasing evidence of the potential function of the Reg family of proteins in the development of IBD and colorectal cancer, but the exact mechanism of action of the Reg family of proteins has not yet been fully clarified. In this paper, we reviewed the Reg protein family's involvement in the development of IBD by regulating intestinal microbes and immunity to maintain intestinal homeostasis. We also explored its possible regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways in the progression and treatment of colorectal cancer, which is expected to serve as a target and a new biomarker for the treatment of IBD and colorectal cancer in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"3 ","pages":"1386069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cost-of-illness study of eosinophilic esophagitis in Italy: assessing direct and indirect costs.","authors":"Agostino Fortunato, Debora Antonini, Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino, Francesca Racca, Roberto Penagini, Francesca Fanelli, Jean Pierre Saab, Filippo Cipriani, Roberta Giodice, Filippo Rumi, Americo Cicchetti","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2024.1414251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2024.1414251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic and progressive type 2 inflammatory disease affecting the esophagus. Its prevalence has increased in recent years due to increased awareness, evolving clinical guidelines, and heightened sensitivity among healthcare professionals managing the condition. The exact causes behind EoE's development remain unknown, and its clinical presentation varies, often leading to significant diagnostic delays depending on the age at which symptoms manifest. Consequently, achieving long-term disease control through heightened awareness becomes imperative. EoE generates a significant clinical burden, resulting in substantial economic consequences for patients, healthcare systems, and society. This study aimed to assess the economic and social impacts on EoE patients within the Italian context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cost-of-illness analysis was conducted from two perspectives: the National Health System (NHS) and the societal perspective. This analysis encompassed direct healthcare, indirect healthcare, and non-healthcare costs. Data were collected and assessed through a survey administered to a panel of expert clinicians and EoE-affected patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Managing EoE incurs a significant burden on healthcare systems, amounting to €6,852.28 per patient per year. The primary cost component appears to be direct costs, comprising 60.73% of the total cost per patient for this condition, while indirect costs contribute to 29.68% of the overall management expenses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis underscores a substantial financial burden on both the healthcare system and patients affected by eosinophilic esophagitis. It emphasizes the imperative need for a continuous and combined effort from clinicians, patients, and families to promptly recognize symptoms and adaptive behavior to mitigate diagnostic delays.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"3 ","pages":"1414251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the number of Canadians suffering from fecal incontinence using pooled prevalence data from meta-analysis.","authors":"Ava Oliaei, Dean Elterman, Salar Sadri, Eric Zimmerman, Padina Pezeshki, Bilal Chughtai, Hamid Sadri","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2024.1398102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2024.1398102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Fecal incontinence (FI) is defined as the unintended loss of solid or liquid stool. FI adversely affects the patient's quality of life. However, due to stigma, lack of awareness, and underdiagnosis, there is a notable gap in the knowledge regarding its prevalence. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature reporting on FI prevalence and estimate the number of people afflicted by FI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using the Embase, MEDLINE, CINHAL, and PubMed databases to identify relevant publications in the English language. Two reviewers independently screened the articles and extracted data. The reference sections and content of the review papers were also evaluated. Thirty-two articles were selected and included. A meta-analysis of proportions was performed using RStudio software. A sub-analysis was conducted to account for the variation between sample population age groups to minimize heterogeneity. The pooled prevalence was extrapolated to the Canadian population and a sample of ten densely populated countries to estimate the number of people affected by FI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Mean pooled FI prevalence in men and women was 7% (95% CI: 6-9%) and 10% (95% CI: 8-12%), respectively. The sub-analysis mean pooled prevalence of FI in men and women was 8% (95% CI: 6-10%) and 10% (95% CI: 8-12%), respectively. The authors estimate that between 1 and 1.5 million Canadians and 320 to 500 million people in the ten most populous countries suffer from FI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fecal incontinence is a prevalent underdiagnosed condition requiring appropriate and timely treatment to improve a patient's quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"3 ","pages":"1398102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of the stability and cytotoxicity of berberine by liposomal nanocarriers for gastric cancer treatment and its application in gummy candy.","authors":"Narges Abolhasanzadeh, Gholamreza Dehghan, Soheil Abbaspour-Ravasjani","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2024.1387343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2024.1387343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Berberine (BER), an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from the plant Berberis Vulgaris, is traditionally used to treat different types of disorders, such as cancer. However, its therapeutic application is limited due to poor solubility and low bioavailability. So, the main objective of the present work was to synthesize BER-loaded liposomes to enhance the solubility of BER. BER-loaded liposomes were synthesized using the thin-film hydration method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prepared liposomes were characterized for size, surface charge, in vitro release, and cytotoxicity. Then, the synthesized nano-liposomes were used to enrich gummy candies, and physicochemical properties such as water activity (aw), instrumental texture, and sensory perception of the products were tested.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The cell viability assay was performed on MKN-45P gastric cancer cell lines, and the results revealed that BER-loaded liposome had better cytotoxicity on MKN-45P cells than free BER. The IC50 values were calculated to be 66.72 µg/mL and 52.58 µg/mL for free BER and BER-loaded liposomes, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a significant anticancer effect of BER-loaded liposomes compared to free BER. These findings indicate that encapsulating BER preserves its antioxidant activity and enhances its bioavailability.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"3 ","pages":"1387343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Case reports in frontiers in gastroenterology.","authors":"Michele Di Stefano","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2024.1458278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2024.1458278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"3 ","pages":"1458278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duodenal hematoma following endoscopic duodenal biopsy in an adult requiring arterial embolization and surgical evacuation: a case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Kelly L Buchanan, Robert M Wilechansky, Mythili P Pathipati, Allan M Goldstein, Daniel P Ryan, Joseph C Yarze","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2024.1409290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2024.1409290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 21-year-old man presented with severe abdominal pain four days after undergoing upper endoscopy with duodenal biopsies and was found to have an intramural duodenal hematoma. Symptoms progressed after attempts at diet advancement, and repeat imaging showed an enlarging hematoma with duodenal obstruction. The patient was managed with arterial embolization followed by laparoscopic surgical evacuation of the hematoma. This is the first report of an enlarging duodenal hematoma managed by this combination approach. While surgical interventions have previously been reserved for the most severe cases, we review the literature on minimally invasive approaches to manage this rare endoscopic complication.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"3 ","pages":"1409290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of oral viscous budesonide to reduce dilation treatment after esophageal atresia repair: a retrospective study.","authors":"Cosimo Ruggiero, Giusy Russo, Denis Cozzi, Silvia Ceccanti, Chiara Scanziani, Danila Volpe, Paola Papoff, Mattia Spatuzzo, Vasiliki Spyropoulou, Salvatore Oliva","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2024.1404292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2024.1404292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anastomotic stricture is a common complication following esophageal atresia (EA) repair, substantially affecting the patient's quality of life (QoL). Multiple dilations are often required to maintain the appropriate diameter of the esophagus, leading to ongoing challenges. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of oral viscous budesonide (OVB) in prolonging the time between symptom recurrence and subsequent dilation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out a retrospective single-center study for pediatric patients (0-18 years) who had undergone recurrent esophageal dilations (≥3) following EA repair and initiated treatment with OVB (1 mg/day <10 years, otherwise 2 mg/day). Efficacy of treatment was determined by assessing a dysphagia symptom score (DSS) ≤1 for at least 3 months. Recurrence time to dysphagia and dilation were analyzed according to Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 29 patients screened, 19 were enrolled: 19/19 were responsive to OVB and 13/19 (68%) didn't required further dilations. The median time between dilations was significantly prolonged compared to the pre-treatment period [30 months vs 2 months; p<0.01] as well as the time to dysphagia relapse [18 months vs 1 month; p<0.01].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Topical budesonide has proven to be an effective treatment for recurrent esophageal stricture in repaired EA. Further investigation is required to assess the long-term sustained response of symptoms to topical steroids.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"3 ","pages":"1404292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and metabolic syndrome-related mast cell activation on cardiovascular diseases.","authors":"Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Stergios A Polyzos, Marina Boziki, Evangelos Kazakos, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Elisabeth Vardaka, Carola Hammrich, Hasan Kulaksiz, Daniele Riva, Christos Kiosses, Ioannis Linas, Maria Touloumtzi, Aggeliki Stogianni, Jannis Kountouras","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2024.1331330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2024.1331330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, a widely renowned bacterium, has recently gained attention owing to its potential impact on extragastric health. The emergence of research linking <i>H. pylori</i> infection with metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has raised intriguing questions about the pathogenic linkage and its translational implications for clinicians. MetS encompasses a collection of metabolic abnormalities that considerably elevate the risk of CVDs and cerebrovascular diseases. Emerging evidence supports a potential pathogenetic role of <i>H. pylori</i> for MetS-related disorders through mechanisms implicating chronic smoldering inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), and modulation of immune responses. One intriguing aspect of this possible connection is the role of mast cells (MCs), a subset of immune cells representing innate immune system effector cells. They play a fundamental role in innate immune responses and the modulation of adaptive immunity. Activated MCs are commonly found in patients with MetS-related CVD. Recent studies have also suggested that <i>H. pylori</i> infection may activate MCs, triggering the release of pro-inflammatory mediators that contribute to IR and atherosclerosis. Understanding these intricate interactions at the cellular level provides new insights into the development of therapeutic strategies targeting both <i>H. pylori</i> infection and MetS-related MCs activation. This review investigates the current state of research regarding the potential impact of <i>H. pylori</i> infection and MetS-related MCs activation on the pathophysiology of CVD, thereby opening up new avenues for related research and paving the way for innovative approaches to prevention and treatment in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"3 ","pages":"1331330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current and future opportunities for the management of primary biliary cholangitis.","authors":"Sandra Naffouj, Jennifer Wang","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2023.1241901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2023.1241901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare immune-mediated chronic cholestatic liver disease that can progress to liver fibrosis and, ultimately, cirrhosis if left untreated. Since the pathogenesis of PBC is not well understood, curative therapies have yet to be established. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), the standard of care treatment for PBC, has been proven to reduce disease progression and improve transplant-free survival. However, one third of patients have no response or partial biochemical response to UDCA and are at increased risk for disease progression. In such cases, second-line therapy with obeticholic acid (OCA) or peroxisomes proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) should be considered in conjunction with UDCA. In this review article, we aim to provide an overview of the most recent data on PBC treatment in patients with inadequate response to UDCA, as well as novel therapies in the early stages of development.</p>","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":"2 ","pages":"1241901"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}