Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"A retrospective review of α-gal syndrome complicating the management of suspected pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in one gastroenterology clinic in central Virginia","authors":"Nathan E. Richards, Jeffrey M. Wilson, T. Platts-Mills, R. Richards","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2023.1162109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2023.1162109","url":null,"abstract":"The galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) mammalian meat allergy, α-gal syndrome, often includes diarrhea, abdominal pain, and other gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency causes similar symptoms. The pancreatic replacement enzymes, referred to here as pancreatic enzymes, used to treat pancreatic insufficiency are porcine products and contain α-gal. Patients with pancreatic insufficiency who also have α-gal syndrome may be intolerant of mammalian products in their diet and of α-gal in pancreatic enzymes. In this article, we describe 40 patients from one GI clinic in central Virginia with suspected pancreatic insufficiency and increased α-gal immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Over 50% of these patients had some clinical improvement when mammalian products were removed from the diet. Most patients could tolerate pancreatic enzymes; 10% could not tolerate them due to suspected allergy symptoms, but none developed anaphylaxis. Understanding that α-gal syndrome can be superimposed on pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and exacerbate symptoms, and that treatment with pancreatic enzymes may increase GI and/or allergy symptoms in this group, will lead to improved medical management of this complex patient population.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49449435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe respiratory distress secondary to pharyngeal perforation during endoscopic gastrostomy tube removal: a clinical case report","authors":"Dima Siblani, Laure Stiel, Stéphanie Husson-Wetzel, P. Barsotti","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2023.1191199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2023.1191199","url":null,"abstract":"We present the case of a 60-year-old patient with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), who presented for planned endoscopic removal of her gastrostomy feeding tube, which was inserted for nutritional status optimization prior to lung transplantation. The procedure was complicated by accidental blockage of the device at the pharyngeal level, causing a transmural laceration. Rapid respiratory distress developed with subcutaneous emphysema that led to the intubation of the patient. A new endoscopic retrieval was attempted but failed, and the patient was sent to the operating room after a cervical and thoracic CT scan that showed the blocked piece in the cervical wall, in addition to diffuse subcutaneous emphysema, a large pneumomediastinum, and a left pneumothorax. The surgery consisted of a left cervicotomy, a pharyngeal incision, and retrieval of the trapped parts. The patient was sent to the intensive care unit (ICU) where she could be weaned and extubated 1 week later.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47307030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transoral incisionless fundoplication and open hiatal hernia repair: A case report","authors":"Anjani Turaga, Y. Salem","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2023.1207659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2023.1207659","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Transoral incisionless fundoplication is a new procedure that has recently emerged as a potential alternative to traditional anti-reflux surgeries. It is a less invasive option with fewer complications and reduced recovery time. Hiatal hernia repair is also commonly performed in conjunction with transoral incisionless fundoplication to improve outcomes. In this case, it details a successful transoral incisionless fundoplication and hiatal hernia repair procedure in a patient with long standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The case is unique as it involved a patient with an uncharacteristically large hiatal hernia measuring above 5cm, which is a size that is generally not considered suitable for transoral incisionless fundoplication. The hiatal hernia was repaired with a gastrectomy instead of laparoscopically due to the size and adhesions present. Case details This case report presents an 86 year old female patient with a history of long-standing GERD symptoms from the past 10 years who had failed to respond to medical therapy. Endoscopic imaging revealed a hernia of more than 5cm in size, which was confirmed by a bravo study. A DeMeester score of 446 was reported. The patient was referred for surgery and underwent transoral incisionless fundoplication with hiatal hernia repair. Despite the large size of the hiatal hernia, it was decided to proceed with a transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) procedure combined with hiatal hernia repair. The gastrectomy was chosen due to significant adhesions and anatomical distortion, making it difficult to continue laparoscopically. The esophagus was fibrosed to the pericardium, and the stomach was stuck in a retrocardiac position. Laparoscopic removal of the adhesions proved difficult since the patient had friable tissues, and there was a high risk of injury to surrounding organs. The surgery was therefore converted to an open approach, and the hernia was repaired with a gastrectomy. The TIF procedure was performed successfully, and the patient had no complications postoperatively. Conclusion This case details a successful transoral incisionless fundoplication procedure for GERD in a patient with an uncharacteristically large hiatal hernia. Despite the challenges posed by the hernia’s size and anatomical distortion, the TIF procedure combined with hiatal hernia repair was successful in providing relief from GERD symptoms, with no postoperative complications. The case highlights the potential suitability of TIF as an alternative to laparoscopic fundoplication in patients with large hiatal hernias, although gastrectomy may be necessary in cases with significant adhesions or anatomical distortion.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45930590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of patients with active inflammatory bowel disease","authors":"T. Kucharzik, B. Verstockt, C. Maaser","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2023.1172318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2023.1172318","url":null,"abstract":"In the current treat-to-target era, close and tight monitoring of patients with inflammatory bowel disease has become increasingly important. Although the importance of patient reported outcomes (PROMs) cannot be underestimated, its moderate association with biochemical and histo-endoscopic outcomes highlights the need for additional monitoring strategies. Endoscopic and histological remission are linked with improved long-term outcomes, but require more invasive assessments. Hence, non-invasive monitoring modalities are becoming increasingly relevant, with emerging evidence demonstrating the added clinical value of transmural assessment, both in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The current review covers the multiple treatment targets present in IBD care, and focusses in particular on the increasing importance of intestinal ultrasound. Finally, we propose a potential algorithm to monitor patients with IBD in daily clinical practice and highlight gaps for future research in monitoring IBD strategies.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91380822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular biomarkers of progression from Barrett’s esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma","authors":"Luke Taylor, H. Alastal, A. Rasheed","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2023.1007456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2023.1007456","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Barrett’s esophagus (BO) is a pre-malignant condition for esophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), the incidence rate of which has risen dramatically over the last four decades in the Western world. The 5-year survival rate of OAC is poor, and one of the ways to improve it would be by focusing on identifying high-risk Barrett’s patients through a surveillance program. Currently, histologic dysplasia is the only recognized marker of progression to OAC. Molecular biomarkers found in tissue samples that predict which patients have a higher risk of progression to OAC may act as a reliable tool for the stratification of patients with BO. Aim To determine whether molecular biomarkers have a potential use in predicting which patients with BO have a higher risk of progression to OAC. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed on 25 tissue samples obtained from the endoscopic biopsies of 19 patients with confirmed BO. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to confirm the presence of BO and dysplasia. Staining was performed in an external independent laboratory. Statistical analysis using the Mann–Whitney U test was performed using R Studio® statistical software. Results Of the 19 patients sampled, three had low-grade dysplasia (LGD), and all had confirmed metaplasia diagnostic of BO. Expression of cyclin D1 was noted to be elevated in patients with LGD compared with those with metaplasia only (p = 0.042). Expression of Sox2 was elevated in metaplastic BO cells compared with normal squamous cells within the same stain (p = 0.046). Of all eight biomarkers tested, β-catenin had the greatest overall expression (p < 0.004). Conclusions Isolating elevated cyclin D1 in patients with LGD highlights its potential use as a biomarker in identifying BO patients at risk of developing dysplasia, and, in turn, their possible progression to OAC. Elevated levels of both Sox2 and β-catenin may also serve as markers for disease progression when overexpressed in BO patients. Both conclusions, however, would need long-term follow-up to fully establish their prognostic usefulness, as at the time of writing no patients in this study had gone on to develop OAC. Although only a small sample size was present for this study, and follow-up was limited, it serves as a strong pilot for further research into the use of novel biomarkers in predicting which BO patients are at high risk of developing dysplasia and progressing to OAC.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44865998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exceptional finding in an explanted liver: a case report of cirrhotomimetic hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"E. Aby, Susan M. Lou, Khalid Amin, T. Leventhal","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2023.1181037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2023.1181037","url":null,"abstract":"We present a case of cirrhotomimetic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosed on an explant following a liver transplantation (LT). The pre-LT computerized tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a nodular, cirrhotic-appearing liver; there was no evidence of lesions consistent with HCC. The level of serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) 1 month pre LT was 4 ng/dL. Following LT, the patient underwent surveillance for HCC. Eight months post LT, he was noted to have lytic osseous lesions in his sternum and T10 vertebral body. Biopsies of these lesions demonstrated metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma, which was concerning for progression to metastatic HCC. It is important to spread awareness of cirrhotomimetic HCC as it often evades detection by current screening methods, and if patients are inadvertently transplanted with a liver with cirrhotomimetic HCC, this can have significant consequences downstream. A multidisciplinary team approach is critical to ensure early detection of any recurrence and timely treatment.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42115840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaps in obesity management in the UAE and the role of bariatric endoscopy","authors":"Maryam Alkhatry","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2023.1174640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2023.1174640","url":null,"abstract":"The definitions of overweight and obesity include increased fat storage that might compromise one’s health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an adult is considered overweight if their Body Mass Index (BMI) is greater than or equal to 25, and obese if their BMI is greater than or equal to 30. Age must be taken into account when defining overweight and obesity in children. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was reported to be at 21% and 33%, respectively, in the Middle East region. As obesity incidence rises with ageing, those over 40 were found to have the highest prevalence of obesity and overweight. According to the Central Intelligence Agency’s World Factbook, the UAE has a prevalence rate of obesity of 31.7%, making it one of the top 20 nations in the world for high obesity rates in 2016. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the UAE is estimated to have increased between 1989 and 2017 threefold.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49597278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing acute diverticulitis. any roles for non-absorbable antibiotics? in search of evidence: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis","authors":"M. Koch, A. Maraolo, G. Natoli, S. Corrao","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2023.1170271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2023.1170271","url":null,"abstract":"Background Hospital admissions for diverticulitis, a complication of diverticular disease, are very much on the increase. Prevention of diverticulitis could cut costs and save lives. Aims To identify whether the risk of the first episode of diverticulitis (primary prevention) or recurrence of diverticulitis (secondary prevention) can be reduced in patients with diverticular disease using non-absorbable antibiotics (mainly rifaximin). Methods The studies were identified by searching PubMed and CENTRAL from 1990 to May 2022. The methodological quality of each study was also evaluated. The outcome of the meta-analysis was the occurrence of a first or subsequent episode of diverticulitis. In addition, a trial sequential analysis was performed to evaluate whether the results would be subject to type I or type II errors. Results Primary prevention: the risk difference was statistically significant in favor of rifaximin (-0,019, or -1.9%, CI -0,6 to -3,3%). There was no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 0%). At one year, two years, and eight years of age, the NNT was 62, 52, and 42, respectively. The level of evidence had a moderate degree of certainty. Secondary prevention: the risk difference was statistically significant in favor of rifaximin (- 0,24, or -24%, CI -47 to -2%). There was evidence of heterogeneity (I2 92%); NNT resulted in 5. The grade level was low. Conclusions Rifaximin can lower the risk of a first episode of diverticulitis. However, the cost-benefit ratio currently appears too high. Rifaximin could also reduce the risk of a second episode, but the quality of the evidence is low. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022379258.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45668092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual analysis of the research hotspots in neoadjuvant therapy for patients with gastric cancer","authors":"Tian Chen, Yating Liu, Jing Gao, Dekui Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2023.1148787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2023.1148787","url":null,"abstract":"Objective This study aimed to analyze the research hotspots and frontiers in the field of neoadjuvant therapy for patients with gastric cancer (GC) using bibliometric and identify its developmental trends. Methods The literature related to neoadjuvant therapy for GC systematically retrieved between 1991 and 2021. Bibliometric methods were used to analysis the research hotspots and trends by CiteSpace and VOS-viewer software. Results The number of studies related to neoadjuvant therapies for GC showed an upward trend. Moreover, the current research directions were mostly focused on the clinical trials and applications of neoadjuvant therapies for GC. The frontier research directions included microsatellite instability, peritoneal metastasis, randomized controlled trials, multicenter studies, and regression analysis. Conclusions The interest and attention of researchers in this field are still growing. In the past five years, the literature related to neoadjuvant therapy and immunotherapy for gastric cancer has exploded. It is still an important period and a key stage for the development of neoadjuvant therapy for gastric cancer.","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48218019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Editors’ showcase: hepatology","authors":"N. Verma, A. Singal","doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2023.1198142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2023.1198142","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Verma and Singal. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Editorial PUBLISHED 21 April 2023 DOI 10.3389/fgstr.2023.1198142","PeriodicalId":73085,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46513079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}