Frontiers in aging最新文献

{"title":"Automated generation of personalized trajectories of aging phenotypes with DyViA-GAN.","authors":"Saumyadipta Pyne, Deep Ray, Meghana Ray","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1724246","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1724246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With a general increase in human lifespan, the need for technological advances to develop strategies for healthy aging has assumed great importance. In the present study, our goal is to predict the progression of selected aging phenotypes in a given healthy individual as they age past 65 years. Therefore, we developed a novel framework called dynamic views of aging with conditional generative adversarial networks (or DyViA-GAN) that can predict the plausible personalized trajectories of a selected aging phenotype conditioned on the available measurements of the phenotype at a few initial time instances and additional covariates. Given the prevalence of osteoporosis in the aging population, we selected the femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) of a healthy individual as the phenotype of interest and baseline individual body mass index (BMI) as a covariate. We trained DyViA-GAN on a publicly available longitudinal dataset of a large cohort of mostly white women in the United States of age 65 years or above. It generated, for each individual, continuous phenotype trajectories, along with a corresponding region of acceptable predictions, for an age range of 66-89 years, for eight different combinations, both with and without involving the covariate. The prediction results were subjected to rigorous quality control and multiple comparative analyses. Our results clearly demonstrate the potential of generative deep learning frameworks in healthspan research.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1724246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13416555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of ageing in a long-lived seabird reveals sex-specific differences across age classes in immune and DNA repair pathways.","authors":"Beatrice Berardi, Giacomo Dell'Omo, David Costantini","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1880546","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1880546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sex differences in ageing rate and longevity are widespread across animals, but their molecular bases remain poorly understood. Ageing involves multiple hallmarks of functional decline, and experimental studies suggest sex-specific differences in gene expression, particularly in immune, metabolic, and mitochondrial pathways. Yet, transcriptional variation associated with sex and age in natural populations remains largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we present the first RNA-seq study of a free-living bird, the Scopoli's shearwater (<i>Calonectris diomedea</i>), aimed at investigating sex differences in gene expression across age classes, comparing younger and older individuals of both sexes (16 males and 16 females).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a sex-linked transcriptional signature involving genes associated with immune function, stress response, energetics, and development. Age-related reductions in energy metabolism were more pronounced in females, whereas the strongest sex-related differences were detected in immune function and genome stability pathways. Across age classes, males showed higher expression of genes involved in DNA repair and genome maintenance, while females displayed a shift from immune-related processes in early adulthood to stress-response pathways in late adulthood.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Together, these findings reveal pronounced sex-biased transcriptional regulation across age classes, which we hypothesise is driven by the differentiation of sex-specific reproductive strategies during the egg-laying phase. Furthermore, our results indicate sustained investment in somatic maintenance into late adulthood, consistent with patterns typically observed in long-lived species.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1880546"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13415676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endothelial progenitor cells and circulating microRNAs as possible biomarkers for coronary artery disease.","authors":"Jakub Jozue Wojtacha, Jan Budzianowski, Magdalena Wojciech, Edyta Wawrzyniak-Gramacka, Barbara Morawin, Jarosław Hiczkiewicz, Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1850689","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1850689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Endothelial cells and their precursors, i.e., endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), along with other cell types such as smooth muscle cells and immune cells, release or sequester microRNAs (miRNAs) that actively participate in endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell proliferation, vascular inflammation, and progression of atherosclerotic plaques, ultimately contributing to the transition from stable to acute coronary syndromes. The stability of circulating miRNAs has, for many years, attracted interest in their use as biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was designed to assess the association of total circulating miRNAs with endothelial dysfunction and EPC-related parameters. The study was carried out in seventy-two patients with CAD (73.2 ± 5.6 years). They were compared with eighty healthy controls (HC) (70.9 ± 5.4 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lipid-lipoprotein profile including triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL and oxidized LDL as well as endothelium-specific variables such as nitric oxide, 3-nitrotyrosine, early EPCs and total EPCs were reduced in CAD patients (p <0.001). The lower levels of nitric oxide in CAD patients (77.60 ± 49.58 μmol/L) compared to HC (290.64 ± 151.93 μmol/L) confirmed the impairment of endothelial secretory function. Total circulating miRNA levels were three-fold higher in CAD (9.36 ± 1.48 ng/L) than in HC (3.22 ± 0.48 ng/L). For miRNA, the area under the curve (AUC) was 1.0 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%) with a cut-off value of 5.37 ng/L, indicating a strong discriminatory potential between CAD patients and healthy controls. However, the diagnostic performance of total circulating miRNAs (AUC = 1.0) was observed in a relatively small, single-centre cohort and should be considered exploratory, requiring confirmation in larger, independent studies.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study provides further evidence of complex interactions between EPCs and total circulating microRNAs in coronary artery disease. The findings suggest that circulating microRNAs, particularly in combination with EPC-related parameters, may represent promising biomarkers for clinical differentiation and characterization of endothelial dysfunction in CAD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1850689"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13415549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reframing brain aging: neuroinflammation as an interconnected network process.","authors":"Ludmila Müller, Svetlana Di Benedetto, Viktor Müller","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1858763","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1858763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroinflammation has emerged as a central component of brain aging, shaping the balance between neural resilience and vulnerability to cognitive decline. Rather than representing a simple consequence of neuronal damage, neuroinflammatory processes are increasingly recognized as active regulators of synaptic integrity, neuronal survival, and circuit function. Under physiological conditions, neuroimmune signaling may contribute to tissue homeostasis, synaptic maintenance, and adaptive responses to cellular stress; however, persistent or dysregulated inflammatory activity may disrupt these functions, promoting network instability and increasing vulnerability to age-related pathology. These processes arise from complex interactions among neurons, glial cells, vascular elements, and peripheral immune signals that together form dynamic neuroimmune networks. Within the aging brain, microglia and astrocytes play key roles in coordinating immune surveillance, synaptic remodeling, and inflammatory signaling. Age-related alterations in glial function can disrupt homeostatic communication within neuron-glia networks, promoting persistent low-grade inflammation and altered synaptic regulation. Importantly, neuroinflammatory activity in the brain is strongly influenced by systemic factors, including peripheral immune aging, changes in blood-brain barrier integrity, and signals originating from the gut-brain axis. In this mini-review, we discuss brain aging from a network perspective, emphasizing how multiscale interactions between cellular and systemic processes shape neuroinflammatory trajectories across the lifespan. We further highlight emerging approaches-including multi-omics technologies, advanced neuroimaging, and systems-level analyses-that are enabling a more integrated understanding of neuroinflammatory dynamics. Viewing neuroinflammation as a network phenomenon may provide new insights into mechanisms of cognitive aging and identify potential targets for strategies aimed at preserving brain health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1858763"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13416349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omega-3 fatty acids as modulators of advanced glycation end products in aging: mechanistic pathways and clinical implications - a narrative review.","authors":"Anna Cortesi, Irene P Tzanetakou, Konstantinos Giannakou, Aikaterini Bograkou-Tzanetakou, Elena Hadjimbei","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1872170","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1872170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aging is characterised by the progressive accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed through non-enzymatic glycation reactions between reducing sugars and proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. AGEs contribute to tissue damage through irreversible protein cross-linking and receptor-mediated inflammatory signalling via the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Elderly individuals are disproportionately affected due to cumulative oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), impaired renal and enzymatic clearance, and prolonged exposure to dietary AGEs. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may modulate these pathways through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To synthesise available preclinical, <i>in vitro</i>, and clinical evidence on the mechanistic and therapeutic relationships between omega-3 PUFA supplementation and AGE formation, accumulation, and signalling, and to evaluate the effects of omega-3 supplementation on key age-related clinical outcomes in elderly populations, including cardiometabolic health, cognitive function, mental health, functional capacity, and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review was conducted using searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible study designs included <i>in vitro</i> experiments, animal models, randomised controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and systematic reviews published in English. Evidence was synthesised thematically across mechanistic and clinical domains, with priority given to studies addressing AGE-related pathways and clinically relevant endpoints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preclinical evidence demonstrates that omega-3 PUFAs attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling, partly through RAGE axis regulation and PPARγ activation. Clinical studies report reductions in circulating AGEs, RAGE, and pentosidine following supplementation, alongside upregulation of protective scavenger receptors such as AGER1. Omega-3 supplementation has also been associated with improvements in inflammatory markers, cardiometabolic risk, cognitive function, and physical capacity in older adults. However, RCT evidence assessing tissue-level AGE accumulation using non-invasive measures such as skin autofluorescence remains limited in elderly populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Omega-3 PUFAs demonstrate therapeutic potential in modulating AGE-related mechanisms and improving age-associated outcomes. Well-designed RCTs targeting tissue AGE accumulation and long-term endpoints in elderly cohorts are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1872170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13407384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148610770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between life's essential 8 and activities of daily living disability in Chinese adults aged 80 years and older: a cross-sectional study from the CLHLS.","authors":"Jiaxin Huang, Bing Feng, Ge Chang, Chaoqun Geng, Weimin Bai, Jianchao Li","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1845642","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1845642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maintaining functional independence is a major goal of healthy ageing in the oldest-old, yet evidence on the association between Life's Essential 8 (LE8)and activities of daily living (ADL) disability in this population remains limited. We examined the associations between LE8 and ADL disability among Chinese adults aged ≥80 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional studyincluded 909 adults aged ≥80 years from the 2014 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey biomarker sub-study. Cardiovascular health was assessed using the American Heart Association's LE8framework. ADL disability was defined as at least one limitation across six basic activities, and disability severity was categorized as 0, 1, or ≥2 limitations. Multivariable logistic regression and proportional odds ordinal logistic regression were used to examine associations of LE8 with ADL disability and disability severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the fully adjusted model, each 10-point higher LE8 score was associated with reduced odds of ADL disability [odds ratio (OR): 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62-0.95], and participants in the highest tertile had reduced odds than those in the lowest tertile (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.95). Similar associations were observed for disability severity (per 10-point increase: OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.94). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant overall association without strong evidence of nonlinearity. In component-level analyses, physical activity and diet showed the most prominent inverse associations with ADL disability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher LE8 scores were associated with a lower ADL disability burden among Chinese adults aged ≥80 years. These fingdings support the potential value of LE8 as an integrated framework for characterizing functional vulnerability in the oldest-old.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1845642"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13395931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148586144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hip-hop dance participation and cognitive, gait, and muscle mass outcomes in community-dwelling older adults: a multi-site longitudinal study.","authors":"Atsuko Miyazaki, Takashi Okuyama, Hayato Mori, Kazuhisa Sato, Sawako Ono, Atsushi Hiyama","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1862298","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1862298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dance-based interventions show promise for maintaining function in older adults, but long-term effects on body composition remain unclear. This study examined the effects of a hip-hop dance program on cognitive function, gait, and muscle mass over up to 3 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multi-site longitudinal study included 102 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 74.2 years, 93% female) from six sites in Japan. The dance group (<i>n</i> = 74) participated in weekly hip-hop dance sessions and competed in the FIDA GOLD CUP, a competition for older adults. Controls (<i>n</i> = 28) maintained usual activities. Outcomes included cognitive function (MMSE, MoCA visuospatial), gait parameters, physical function, and body composition (SMI, segmental lean mass, BMI). Linear mixed models examined group × time interactions, and ANCOVA with permutation tests compared change scores in participants with complete data (<i>n</i> = 59).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant group × time interactions favoring the dance group were observed for MMSE (<i>β</i> = 0.58 points/year, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and MoCA visuospatial (<i>β</i> = 0.27/year, <i>p</i> = 0.023). Gait improved through temporal parameters: left contact time decreased (<i>β</i> = -0.018 s/year, <i>p</i> = 0.005) and gait speed increased (<i>β</i> = 0.065 m/s/year, <i>p</i> = 0.031), while stride length remained unchanged (<i>p</i> = 0.243). Right hip abduction strength (<i>β</i> = 1.22 kg/year, <i>p</i> = 0.016) and right single-leg stance time (<i>β</i> = 10.3 s/year, <i>p</i> = 0.026) improved. However, the dance group showed greater decline in skeletal muscle mass index (<i>β</i> = -0.064 kg/m²/year, <i>p</i> = 0.020) and leg segmental lean mass (left: <i>β</i> = -0.108 kg/year, <i>p</i> < 0.001; right: <i>β</i> = -0.088 kg/year, <i>p</i> = 0.004), while BMI remained unchanged (<i>p</i> = 0.949). ANCOVA confirmed these patterns for cognition, gait, and body composition outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hip-hop dance participation was associated with better preservation of cognitive function and more favorable gait-related change, characterized by enhanced temporal control rather than increased stride length. Specifically, reduced contact time and faster cadence suggest rhythm-based motor learning as the underlying mechanism. However, dance participation alone was not sufficient to prevent age-related muscle loss, indicating the need for combined interventions incorporating resistance training and adequate protein intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1862298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13395872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148586218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for prognosis in aortic dissection patients without hypertension following TEVAR.","authors":"Shun Yu, Xinghua Liu, Kunyu Guan, Liang Chen, Hao Zhang, Dengqun Sun, Yanjun Sun, Lixue Zhu, Lijun Weng, Biao Wu","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1875447","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1875447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) serves as a potential inflammatory biomarker for aortic dissection (AD), with elevated levels predicting adverse postoperative outcomes. Nevertheless, the prognostic significance of preoperative NLR in non-hypertensive AD patients receiving thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) remains undefined.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the predictive value of preoperative NLR for clinical prognosis in this specific cohort following TEVAR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study retrospectively analyzed 116 non-hypertensive AD patients undergoing TEVAR at our medical center (December 2014-December 2020). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the optimal NLR cutoff, area under the curve (AUC), and 95% confidence interval (CI) for predicting the primary endpoint (all-cause mortality). Patients were stratified into low-NLR and high-NLR groups based on the cutoff. Survival differences were assessed using <i>Kaplan-Meier</i> analysis with <i>log-rank</i> testing. Associations between NLR and mortality risk were evaluated via univariate and multivariate Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort comprised 77.6% males, with 52.6% aged >55 years, 30.2% reporting smoking history, 13.8% alcohol use, and 14.7% comorbidities. Anatomical classification included Stanford type A (5.2%) and type B (94.8%); temporal classification was acute (12.1%), subacute (30.2%), and chronic (57.8%). Branch artery reconstruction was performed in 47.4% of patients. Postoperative outcomes included all-cause mortality (1.7%), dissection recurrence (3.4%), endoleak (6.0%), and secondary intervention (9.5%). NLR demonstrated strong predictive efficacy (cutoff: 7.69; sensitivity: 96.4%; specificity: 65.9%; AUC = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.76-0.90). The high-NLR group exhibited significantly reduced survival compared to the low-NLR group (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Univariate Cox regression identified high NLR (HR = 30.766, 95% CI: 4.177-226.611, <i>P</i> = 0.001) and branch reconstruction (HR = 2.335, 95% CI: 1.090-5.001, <i>P</i> = 0.029) as mortality risk factors. Multivariate analysis confirmed high NLR as an independent risk factor for all-cause death (HR = 2.033, 95% CI: 1.004-3.221).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative NLR elevation is significantly linked to decreased survival following TEVAR in AD patients with aortic dissection, and it may function as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality. This parameter may be used as a reliable prognostic marker for this specific patient group.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1875447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13391812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148581361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of deep learning models for three-class frailty assessment using gait metrics.","authors":"Charmayne Mary Lee Hughes, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1873618","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1873618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frailty assessment in older adults typically relies on subjective clinical tools that are time-consuming and require trained personnel, limiting their use in routine or large-scale screening. Wearable sensor-based gait analysis offers a promising objective alternative; however, comprehensive evaluations of deep learning models for multi-class frailty classification using structured gait metrics remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluates multiple deep learning architectures for three-class frailty classification using structured gait features derived from a single wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU). Four architectures (Transformer, ShapeFormer, InceptionTime, and LSTM-CNN) were evaluated using the publicly available GSTRIDE dataset, comprising 163 older adults (non-frail: <i>n</i> = 65, pre-frail: <i>n</i> = 77, frail: <i>n</i> = 21). Eleven clinically interpretable stride-level gait variables, extracted from a single IMU, were used as model input. A 10-fold participant-level cross-validation scheme, matching the default configuration of the original implementation (cv_seed = 1), was applied to ensure robust performance estimation and prevent data leakage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The four architectures yielded comparable mean accuracy under a unified protocol (ShapeFormer 73.1% ± 10.6%, Transformer 72.6% ± 6.0%, InceptionTime 70.5% ± 9.5%, LSTM-CNN 65.9% ± 9.8%). A Friedman omnibus test on the per-fold scores did not reject the null of equal performance (borderline on accuracy and macro-F1 (<i>p</i> = 0.050 and 0.056 respectively), with no significant difference for macro-AUC [<i>p</i> = 0.840]), indicating that the apparent ranking is within sampling variability. Performance was higher for non-frail and pre-frail individuals, while classification of frail individuals remained challenging across all models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multi-class frailty classification using structured gait metrics from a single wearable sensor is feasible, though performance varies across models and frailty classes. Model stability and sensitivity to specific classes represent important trade-offs.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>These findings support the development of scalable, objective approaches to frailty assessment and underscore the importance of selecting models based on clinical priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1873618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148551418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific remodeling of proteasome complexes in lymph nodes of aged BTBR mice.","authors":"Francesca Monittola, Michela Bruschi, Sofia Masini, Domenico Pio Losito, Mauro Magnani, Luigia Rossi, Alessandra Fraternale, Rita Crinelli","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1864375","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1864375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymph node architecture and function are markedly altered with aging. We previously demonstrated that the lymph nodes of old C57BL/6 and BTBR male mice contain reduced levels of PA28αβ-capped proteasomes compared to young mice. Here, we examined aged BTBR females relative to aged males and found that proteasome remodeling occurs in a sex-specific manner. Specifically, old female exhibited higher immunoproteasome activity than old male, despite similar levels of proteasome and immunoproteasome subunit expression and proteasome complex assembly. In female mice activity was mostly driven by PA28αβ-capped 20S proteasomes that declined with age in males. These results highlight intriguing differences in proteasome assembly and activity between males and females providing evidence for sex-dependent changes in immunosenescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1864375"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13381488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148610750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}