Foot & ankle specialist最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating Failure Mechanisms for Total Talus Replacement: Contemporary Review.","authors":"Albert T Anastasio, Emily M Peairs, Troy Q Tabarestani, Alexandra N Krez, Isabel Shaffrey, Jensen K Henry, Constantine A Demetracopoulos, Samuel B Adams","doi":"10.1177/19386400231206041","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19386400231206041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As total talus replacement (TTR) grows in popularity as a salvage option for talar collapse, a critical evaluation of the complications associated with this procedure is indicated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this review of the literature, we present a patient report and provide a review of several complications seen after TTR, including ligamentous instability, infection, and adjacent joint osteoarthritis, which we have encountered in our practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total talus replacement has the potential to reduce pain and preserve range of motion. However, the treating surgeon must be cognizant of the variety of adverse outcomes. We have presented cases of potential devastating complications from our own clinical experience and the literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, TTR may have utility in the properly selected patient with end-stage talar collapse, but implant composition, indications, and patient demographic variables complicate the interpretation of the literature.<b>Levels of Evidence:</b> <i>Level III</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"415-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71415725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating and Comparing the Correlation and Performance of PROMIS and FAAM ADL in a Foot and Ankle Patient Population.","authors":"David N Bernstein, Alec Friswold, Gregory Waryasz, Christopher W DiGiovanni, Daniel G Tobert","doi":"10.1177/19386400231192814","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19386400231192814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThere is a paucity of literature assessing 2 of the commonly used static Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) forms (PROMIS Global-10 and PROMIS Physical Function Short Form 10a [PF SF 10a]) and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Activities of Daily Living (FAAM ADL).MethodsThe PROMIS Global-10, PROMIS PF SF 10a, and FAAM ADL were compared among new foot and ankle patients. Spearman rho (ρ) correlations were calculated, and ceiling and floor effects were determined.ResultsThe FAAM ADL demonstrated strong correlations with PROMIS PF SF 10a, P = .88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86-0.90, P < .001, and PROMIS Global-10 Physical Health (P = .75, 95% CI: 0.71-0.78, p < .001). The FAAM ADL and PROMIS Global-10 Mental Health demonstrated a moderate correlation (P = .41, 95% CI: 0.34-0.47, P < .001). No PROM demonstrated an appreciable floor effect. The PROMIS Global-10 Physical Health demonstrated the lowest ceiling effect (n=11 [1.6%]).ConclusionBecause the PROMIS Global-10 captures physical health adequately, provides mental health insight, and performs as well (if not better), we recommend the PROMIS Global-10 among the PROMs studied.<b>Level of Evidence</b>: Level III.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"401-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Construct Type Is Associated With Time to Fusion and Reoperation Rate in Double and Isolated Talonavicular Arthrodeses.","authors":"Alexander S Guareschi, Caroline Hoch, Jared J Reid, Daniel J Scott, Christopher E Gross","doi":"10.1177/19386400231162422","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19386400231162422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThis study evaluates the effect of surgical construct on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing isolated talonavicular (TN) or double (TN and subtalar ST) arthrodesis. TN constructs included plate and screw, screw and staple, and isolated staple constructs. Subtalar constructs included 1- and 2-screw constructs.MethodsRetrospective chart review identified 52 patients who underwent double or isolated TN arthrodesis between 2016 and 2021 by a single fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon with minimum 6 months of follow-up (mean = 1.62 years, range = 0.50-4.39 years). Data collected included demographics, medical history, surgical indication, surgical constructs used, complications, reoperations, patient-reported outcome measures, and radiographic measures.ResultsOverall complication and reoperation rates were 26.3% and 12.3%, respectively. Among TN constructs, time to ST (P = .026) and TN (P = .018) fusion was significantly slower among patients receiving a plate and screw construct. Complication rate did not differ, but reoperation rate was significantly higher for plate and screw TN constructs (P = .039). Postoperative Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) Quality of Life (P = .028) and Total (P = .016) scores were significantly better among plate and screw TN constructs.ConclusionUtilization of screw and staple or isolated staple construct have significantly quicker time to fusion and lower reoperation rates than plate and screw constructs for the TN joint.Level of Evidence:Level III: Retrospective cohort study.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"366-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9279118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Postoperative Ketorolac Administration on the Union Rate Following First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis.","authors":"Amir Kachooei, William Hester, Tara Gaston, Daniel Corr, Brian Winters, Steven Raikin, Joseph Daniel","doi":"10.1177/19386400231162705","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19386400231162705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To decrease postoperative opioid consumption, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including ketorolac, are considered a proper substitute with few side effects. Our null hypothesis is that a standard-dose, short-term ketorolac exposure does not increase the nonunion rate of a first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a retrospective cohort study, we included 181 primary first MTPJ arthrodeses from 2016 to 2020 in a single surgeon practice. The surgical technique was identical using a dorsal locking plate after preparing the joint with the cup-and-cone technique. A 30 mg intravenous dose of ketorolac was administered perioperatively, followed by a post-operative oral course of 10 mg oral ketorolac every 6 hours for 5 consecutive days. Patients were placed in a heel weight-bearing CAM boot for a minimum of 6 weeks. Union was determined radiographically at 3 months postoperative. Radiographic nonunion was also categorized clinically as symptomatic versus asymptomatic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 3 months postoperative, a nonunion occurred in 15 (8.3%) patients. Of the 15 radiographic nonunions, 7 (45%) were clinically asymptomatic, while the other 8 (55%) were symptomatic. Six (75%) of the 8 symptomatic nonunions ultimately underwent revision surgery. The nonunion rate in our study compared to that described in the literature (5.4%) was similar and showed no significant difference (P = .067).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of a short course of oral ketorolac (40 mg/day or less for a maximum of 5 days) does not seem to affect the union rate after first MTPJ arthrodesis and can be used safely and effectively in the management of post-operative pain to decrease opioid consumption following this procedure.</p><p><strong>Levels of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"381-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9259730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opioid Prescribing Trends Among Workers' Compensation Patients Undergoing Foot and Ankle Surgery.","authors":"Tyler M Goodwin, Daniel T Miles, Richard D Murray, Andrew W Wilson, Jesse F Doty","doi":"10.1177/19386400241286594","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19386400241286594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate opioid usage and prescribing trends among workers' compensation (WC) patients who underwent foot or ankle operative procedures compared with a control group.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted for WC and non-WC patients who underwent foot or ankle procedures in a single academic orthopaedic surgery practice. Outcome measures were total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) and number of opioid prescriptions.ResultsA total of 118 patients were identified, including 51 patients in the WC group and 67 in the non-WC group. After index surgery, 67% (34 of 51) of WC patients had 2 or more additional opioid prescriptions compared to 39% (26 of 67) of non-WC patients (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-6.7; P = .003). Collectively, there were greater prescriptions of oxycodone MME (P = .002) and hydrocodone MME (P = .07) in the WC cohort.ConclusionsWorkers' compensation patients seem to be prescribed and consume opioids at a higher rate postoperatively. It is important for treating physicians to be aware of these trends, and discussions with patients regarding expected opioid use when planning surgical intervention may be beneficial. Physicians may need to set expectations preoperatively and suggest there are limits on the amount of opioids that can safely be prescribed.Level of Evidence:<i>Level III, Retrospective cohort study, Prognostic</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"438-441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Success of Corticosteroid Injections in Treating Midfoot and Transverse Tarsal Joint.","authors":"Ronit Kulkarni, Caroline P Hoch, Joshua L Morningstar, David E Baxley, Solangel Rodriguez-Materon, Daniel J Scott, Christopher E Gross","doi":"10.1177/19386400251355656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400251355656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThis study aims to quantify how well midfoot and transverse tarsal joint arthritis can be treated nonoperatively with fluoroscopic-guided injections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed the records of 132 patients (155 feet) diagnosed with midfoot arthritis between 2015 and 2019, who received conservative management via periodic fluoroscopic-guided steroid injections. Patients were told to follow-up as needed after the injection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a 94.2% success rate of treating midfoot and transverse tarsal joint osteoarthritis via fluoroscopic-guided corticosteroid injections. On average, each foot received 3.1 (range, 1-21) injections, which did not differ between cohorts (operative = 3.9, nonoperative = 3.0; P = .147). Patients with higher pretreatment Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) scores in Magnification (P = .046), Helplessness (P = .002), and Total (P = .003) subsections were more likely to undergo surgery. Patients diagnosed with depression were more likely to receive more total injections (depression = 4.3, nondepression = 2.9, P = .046) over a greater injection duration (depression = 22.2 months, nondepression = 11.4 months, P = .046).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, fluoroscopic-guided injections are effective nonoperative treatment of midfoot and transverse tarsal joint arthritis.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III, Retrospective cohort study.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400251355656"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Valuable is the CT? Assessment of the Presence of Posterior Malleolar Fractures in Plane Radiographs.","authors":"Michael Sarter, Felix Krane, Jan Hockmann, Tim Leschinger, Lars P Müller, Andreas Harbrecht","doi":"10.1177/19386400251351516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400251351516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionThe involvement of the posterior malleolus (PM) in dislocated bimalleolar ankle fractures is associated with inferior clinical outcomes. There is no consensus on whether and when a computed tomography (CT) scan should be performed in the case of an inconspicuous X-ray of the PM. How high is the risk of missing a posterior malleolus fracture (PMF) without a CT scan? The aim of this study was hence to analyze the rate of correctly performed assessments of the PM in bimalleolar ankle fractures based on X-rays and to correlate this with surgical therapy.Materials and MethodsIn total, 100 bimalleolar ankle fractures, 50% with and 50% without PMF visible on the basis of a CT scan, were analyzed by 4 observers at 2 different time points 30 days apart (d1 and d2). The observers had to decide on the basis of X-rays whether a PMF was present or not. This was followed by a correlation with the operative treatment.ResultsAnalyzing each observer independently, the correct diagnoses of a present PMF were made in an average of 83% of cases, with no significant difference between seniors and residents. In 22 of 50 cases (44%) with a PMF confirmed on a CT scan, it was missed by at least one of the observers based on plain radiographs. For those PMF that required fixation (24 of the 50 PMF), in 25% of cases, at least 2 observers missed the diagnosis of a PMF.ConclusionsBased on our results, there are deficits in the detection of PMF in bimalleolar ankle fractures only on the basis of X-rays, even in PMF that were later fixed surgically. This study aids the awareness that PMF can be easily missed on X-rays and raises the question of whether a CT scan might become mandatory in distal fibula fractures that involve the upper ankle joint.Levels of Evidence:Level III: Retrospective study.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400251351516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autograft Choice for Anatomic Reconstruction of Lateral Ankle Ligaments in Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Lorena Brasnic, Colm Francis McGurk, Sriskandarasa Senthilkumaran, Tim William Gardner","doi":"10.1177/19386400251345528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400251345528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ligamentous ankle complex with an autograft is indicated as a surgical approach in chronic ankle instability management. This approach benefits ankles deficient in ligamentous support and those with greater occupational or sporting demands. Autograft choice varies in clinical practice and is driven by surgeon's choice and patient-specific ankle demands. Current literature does not favor any particular autograft with respect to functional outcomes or postoperative complications. This review systematically compares common autografts through patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) and radiographic assessments. A literature search was performed using Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed databases. Studies were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria and selected studies were critically appraised using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool 2018. Preoperative and postoperative values of PROMs and radiographic outcomes were extracted, and the percentage change indicated intervention effectiveness. One-way analysis of variance was used to ascertain any statistical significance between the autografts. A total of 20 studies were included comprising 734 patients and 738 ankles. Six different autografts (gracilis, extensor digitorum longus, bone-patellar tendon, semitendinosus, anterior half of peroneus longus, and anterior half of peroneus brevis), 3 PROMs (the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score, visual analog scale, and Karlsson-Peterson scale), and 2 radiographic assessments (anterior talar translation and talar tilt) were analyzed. Peroneal tendons showed superior PROMs and radiographic assessments, though not statistically significant, with also the lowest complication rates. Autografts with a distal harvest sites, such as gracilis or bone-patellar tendon-bone, carry higher risks of harvest-related and nerve injuries compared with other autografts.<b>Levels of Evidence:</b> <i>Level 2</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400251345528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes Following Minimally Invasive vs Open Cheilectomy for Hallux Rigidus: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Caroline Cristofaro, Michael Mercier, Darius Luke Lameire, Mansur Halai, Johnny Lau, Sam Si-Hyeong Park","doi":"10.1177/19386400251345538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400251345538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionHallux rigidus is common and can be disabling for patients. Once conservative management is exhausted, surgical treatment is considered. For earlier stage hallux rigidus, cheilectomy can be offered to patients. Traditionally, open cheilectomy has been performed, but minimally invasive cheilectomy is becoming increasingly popular. The purpose of this systematic review is to compare the outcomes of minimally invasive vs open cheilectomy for hallux rigidus.MethodsTwo comprehensive literature searches of Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE were performed for relevant publications from January 1, 1995 to April 9, 2024. Search terms focused on open and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) cheilectomy were used. All full-text, English-language, clinical studies reporting on MIS and open cheilectomy outcomes and/or complications were included. Article screening, critical appraisal, and data extraction were performed independently by 2 reviewers.ResultsNine MIS cheilectomy studies were identified, reporting on a total of 442 patients (95 males, 214 females, and 133 not reported) with 464 feet operated on. The weighted mean age and follow-up were 50.7 ± 4.6 years and 33. 5 ±14.0 months, respectively. Fifteen open cheilectomy studies were identified, yielding 720 patients (199 males, 319 females, and 202 not specified) and 763 operated feet. The weighted mean age and follow-up was 53.2 ± 4.7 years and 64.5 ± 28.3 months, respectively. Functional outcomes are similar following open or MIS cheilectomy. The MIS cheilectomy studies reported a total of 37 complications (8.2%) and 43 revision surgeries (9.3%). Complications and revision surgery following open cheilectomy were 14.7% (n = 112) and 5.0% (n = 38), respectively. Complications following open cheilectomy were higher than with MIS cheilectomy (P = .001). However, revision surgery was found to be higher in patients following MIS cheilectomy (P = .003).ConclusionSurgical complications following MIS cheilectomy were found to be less common when compared to open cheilectomy. However, there may be an increased risk of revision surgery following MIS cheilectomy.Level of Evidence:III (systematic review of level III-IV studies).</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400251345538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-to-Long-term Clinical Outcomes of Ankle Arthroscopy on the Treatment of Chronic Ankle Conditions: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Mario Herrera-Pérez, Victor Valderrabano, Cesar de Cesar Netto, Eric I Ferkel, Alexandre Leme-Godoy, Ali Dway, José Luis Pais-Brito, Sergio Tejero","doi":"10.1177/19386400251345536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400251345536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe effectiveness of arthroscopic ankle surgery for chronic ankle conditions, including pain intensity, functionality, and success rates, remains uncertain.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched until October 2023. Mean differences (MDs) were calculated for pain reduction and functional improvements, and arthroscopy success rates were determined using a random-effects model.ResultsIn total, 47 studies were included, encompassing 2,653 patients. Arthroscopic surgery resulted in a significant decrease in pain intensity for osteochondral lesions (MD = -4.49, P = .002) and ankle osteoarthritis (MD = -2.88, P = .034). Functional improvements were observed with notable success rates: 92.5% (soft tissue impingement), 87.5% (ankle synovitis), 73.2% (osteochondral lesions), 71.53% (bony impingement), and 54.7% (ankle osteoarthritis).ConclusionArthroscopic ankle surgery proves effective, particularly for osteochondral lesions and impingement conditions, offering good outcomes in terms of pain reduction and functionality. However, the limited quality of available evidence calls for cautious interpretation of these results.Level of Evidence:Meta-analysis of studies with level of evidence III and IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400251345536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}