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What’s New in The Diagnosis and Treatment of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)? 卵巢早衰（POI）的诊断与治疗》有哪些新内容？
Faculty reviews Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-28
Nanette Santoro
{"title":"What’s New in The Diagnosis and Treatment of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)?","authors":"Nanette Santoro","doi":"10.12703/r/12-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12703/r/12-28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73016,"journal":{"name":"Faculty reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘All About’ Extremophiles 《关于极端微生物》
Faculty reviews Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-27
James A Coker
{"title":"‘All About’ Extremophiles","authors":"James A Coker","doi":"10.12703/r/12-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12703/r/12-27","url":null,"abstract":"Despite common perception, most of Earth is what is often referred to as an ‘extreme environment.’ Yet to the organisms that call these places home, it is simply that (home). They have adapted to thrive in these environments and, in the process, have evolved many unique adaptations at the molecular- and ‘omic-level. Scientists’ interest in these organisms has typically been in how they and their products can be harnessed for biotechnological applications and the environments where they are found, while the general public’s veers more toward a fascination with their deviation from the ‘norm’. However, these organisms have so much more to tell us about Life and the myriad ways there are to perform ‘simple’ biological processes.","PeriodicalId":73016,"journal":{"name":"Faculty reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135474916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent advances in the understanding of tubal ectopic pregnancy. 输卵管异位妊娠的最新认识进展。
Faculty reviews Pub Date : 2023-11-01 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-26
Heather C Flanagan, W Colin Duncan, Chih-Jen Lin, Norah Spears, Andrew W Horne
{"title":"Recent advances in the understanding of tubal ectopic pregnancy.","authors":"Heather C Flanagan,&nbsp;W Colin Duncan,&nbsp;Chih-Jen Lin,&nbsp;Norah Spears,&nbsp;Andrew W Horne","doi":"10.12703/r/12-26","DOIUrl":"10.12703/r/12-26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is described as the implantation of an embryo outside the normal uterine cavity. It most commonly occurs in the fallopian tube, hence termed a tubal ectopic pregnancy (tEP). It is a gynaecological emergency and remains the leading cause of direct maternal mortality related to the first trimester of pregnancy worldwide. This article explores the emergence of additional risk factors for tEP, showing new evidence for identifying patient risk factors and highlighting potential areas of research. Additionally, we discuss the up-to-date patient-centred approach for the diagnosis, management and counselling of patients with tEP and ongoing clinical trials for the improvement of medical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":73016,"journal":{"name":"Faculty reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10619208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent advances in understanding TCR signaling: a synaptic perspective. 理解TCR信号传导的最新进展：突触视角。
Faculty reviews Pub Date : 2023-10-16 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-25
Michael L Dustin
{"title":"Recent advances in understanding TCR signaling: a synaptic perspective.","authors":"Michael L Dustin","doi":"10.12703/r/12-25","DOIUrl":"10.12703/r/12-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The T cell receptor is a multi-subunit complex that carries out a range of recognition tasks for multiple lymphocyte types and translates recognition into signals that regulate survival, growth, differentiation, and effector functions for innate and adaptive host defense. Recent advances include the cryo-electron microscopy-based structure of the extracellular and transmembrane components of the complex, new information about coupling to intracellular partners, lateral associations in the membrane that all add to our picture of the T cell signaling machinery, and how signal termination relates to effector function. This review endeavors to integrate structural and biochemical information through the lens of the immunological synapse- the critical interface with the antigen-presenting cell.</p>","PeriodicalId":73016,"journal":{"name":"Faculty reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10608137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71415698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent advances in understanding Alzheimer's Disease: diagnosis and management strategies. 了解阿尔茨海默病的最新进展：诊断和管理策略。
Faculty reviews Pub Date : 2023-10-10 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-24
Anna Marin, Andrew E Budson
{"title":"Recent advances in understanding Alzheimer's Disease: diagnosis and management strategies.","authors":"Anna Marin, Andrew E Budson","doi":"10.12703/r/12-24","DOIUrl":"10.12703/r/12-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the rates of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) increase in the world due to the aging of the population, research has made tremendous advances to target the two hallmark pathologies of AD: amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. Here, we discuss recent advances in the clinical evaluation and management of AD, with a focus on new hypotheses related to the etiology of AD and new evidence related to AD-mimicking neurodegenerative diseases. Though recent clinical studies suggest anti-amyloid disease modifying agents may slow the progression of AD, there is currently no medication that stops it. Moreover, slowing the progression will result in more individuals in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia stages of AD. Given this reality, we evaluate the development of non-pharmacological strategies to help sustain cognitive function and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":73016,"journal":{"name":"Faculty reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10565909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41222084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent advances in therapies for primary myelofibrosis. 原发性骨髓纤维化治疗的最新进展。
Faculty reviews Pub Date : 2023-09-26 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-23
William Vainchenker, Nasrine Yahmi, Violaine Havelange, Caroline Marty, Isabelle Plo, Stefan N Constantinescu
{"title":"Recent advances in therapies for primary myelofibrosis.","authors":"William Vainchenker, Nasrine Yahmi, Violaine Havelange, Caroline Marty, Isabelle Plo, Stefan N Constantinescu","doi":"10.12703/r/12-23","DOIUrl":"10.12703/r/12-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary myelofibrosis (PMF), polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) form the classical <i>BCR-ABL1</i>-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) that are driven by a constitutive activation of JAK2 signaling. PMF as well as secondary MF (post-ET and post-PV MF) are the most aggressive MPNs. Presently, there is no curative treatment, except allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. JAK inhibitors, essentially ruxolitinib, are the therapy of reference for intermediate and high-risk MF. However, presently the current JAK inhibitors behave mainly as anti-inflammatory drugs, improving general symptoms and spleen size without major impact on disease progression. A better understanding of the genetics of MF, the biology of its leukemic stem cells (LSCs), the mechanisms of fibrosis and of cytopenia and the role of inflammatory cytokines has led to new approaches with the development of numerous therapeutic agents that target epigenetic regulation, telomerase, apoptosis, cell cycle, cytokines and signaling. Furthermore, the use of a new less toxic form of interferon-α has been revived, as it is presently one of the only molecules that targets the mutated clone. These new approaches have different aims: (a) to provide alternative therapy to JAK inhibition; (b) to correct cytopenia; and (c) to inhibit fibrosis development. However, the main important goal is to find new disease modifier treatments, which will profoundly modify the progression of the disease without major toxicity. Presently the most promising approaches consist of the inhibition of telomerase and the combination of JAK2 inhibitors (ruxolitinib) with either a BCL2/BCL-xL or BET inhibitor. Yet, the most straightforward future approaches can be considered to be the development of and/or selective inhibition of JAK2V617F and the targeting MPL and calreticulin mutants by immunotherapy. It can be expected that the therapy of MF will be significantly improved in the coming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":73016,"journal":{"name":"Faculty reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10523375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41157246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer: present and future. 非小细胞肺癌的靶向疗法：现状与未来。
Faculty reviews Pub Date : 2023-09-04 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-22
Jessica McLaughlin, Jonathan Berkman, Patrick Nana-Sinkam
{"title":"Targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer: present and future.","authors":"Jessica McLaughlin, Jonathan Berkman, Patrick Nana-Sinkam","doi":"10.12703/r/12-22","DOIUrl":"10.12703/r/12-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer is the leading cause of malignancy-related death in the United States and the second most common cancer diagnosis worldwide. In the last two decades, lung cancer treatment has evolved to include advances in the development of mutation-based targeting, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and minimally invasive surgical techniques. The discovery of lung cancer as a molecularly heterogeneous disease has driven investigation into the development of targeted therapies resulting in improved patient outcomes. Despite these advances, there remain opportunities, through further investigation of mechanisms of resistance, to develop novel therapeutics that better direct the personalization of lung cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight developments in the evolution of targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer, as well as future directions shaped by emerging patterns of resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":73016,"journal":{"name":"Faculty reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10477963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10551180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent advances in treating sexual problems 治疗性问题的最新进展
Faculty reviews Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-20
S. Eleuteri, R. Rossi, Denise Cassibba, C. Simonelli
{"title":"Recent advances in treating sexual problems","authors":"S. Eleuteri, R. Rossi, Denise Cassibba, C. Simonelli","doi":"10.12703/r/12-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12703/r/12-20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73016,"journal":{"name":"Faculty reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43454536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Testosterone Replacement Therapy for Treatment of Osteoporosis in Men 睾酮替代疗法治疗男性骨质疏松症
Faculty reviews Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-18
A. Elsheikh, M. Rothman
{"title":"Testosterone Replacement Therapy for Treatment of Osteoporosis in Men","authors":"A. Elsheikh, M. Rothman","doi":"10.12703/r/12-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12703/r/12-18","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in older men. Declining testosterone levels may occur with aging, and hypogonadism can develop secondary to different pathological disorders. Both testosterone and estrogen play an essential role in maintaining bone mineral density in men. Recent studies have added to the data showing that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) can increase bone mineral density (BMD); however, long-term studies examining the effect on fracture risk are still lacking. Thus, current evidence does not support the use of TRT solely to treat osteoporosis in hypogonadal men at high risk for fracture. However, TRT may have a role in men at lower risk for fracture or as an adjunct to other pharmacological agents.","PeriodicalId":73016,"journal":{"name":"Faculty reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46734692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discovery of the bicycle gene family provides new insights into insect manipulation of plant development during gall induction. 自行车基因家族的发现为昆虫在虫瘿诱导过程中操纵植物发育提供了新的视角。
Faculty reviews Pub Date : 2023-07-05 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.12703/r-01-0000022
Peter Wh Holland, Jane A Langdale, Nipam H Patel, Graham N Stone
{"title":"Discovery of the bicycle gene family provides new insights into insect manipulation of plant development during gall induction.","authors":"Peter Wh Holland, Jane A Langdale, Nipam H Patel, Graham N Stone","doi":"10.12703/r-01-0000022","DOIUrl":"10.12703/r-01-0000022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Galls are complex structures that develop from plant tissue, providing protection and food for gall-forming organisms, such as insects or mites. However, the molecules used by insects or mites to manipulate plant development have proved elusive. A landmark study has tracked down a gene in a gall-forming aphid that controls whether galls on witch hazel are green or red. The 'green allele' is strongly expressed in aphid salivary glands and represses plant genes used for red color formation. Excitingly, the gene product is part of a large suite of proteins that aphids may use to interact with plant biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":73016,"journal":{"name":"Faculty reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10180954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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