F&S science最新文献

{"title":"Luteinizing hormone receptor deficiency in immature cumulus-oocyte complexes retrieved for assisted reproduction.","authors":"Maíra Casalechi, Maria Thereza V Pereira, Wiviane A Assis, Cynthia Dela Cruz, Tays F Guedes, Ines Katerina Cavallo, Fernando M Reis","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated whether luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) expression varies in the granulosa cells of individual follicles according to the maturation stage of the oocytes harvested for assisted reproductive technology treatment. We observed minimal to no LHR messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression in cumulus cells surrounding oocytes arrested in the germinal vesicle stage. Interestingly, their ability to mature was confirmed by rescue in vitro maturation, suggesting somatic cell LHR deficiency as a key factor for the retrieval of germinal vesicle oocytes in assisted reproductive technology procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sound approach for ova denudation.","authors":"Amir Mokhtare, Amirhossein Favakeh, Philip Xie, Zev Rosenwaks, Alireza Abbaspourrad, Gianpiero Palermo","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To introduce an innovative noncontact method for denudation process of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We designed and fabricated novel acoustohydrodynamic tweezers (AHTs) to perform contactless denudation and tested them in a mouse model. Cumulus removal efficiency, preimplantation development, and live birth were assessed and compared with those in conventional manual pipetting (MP) denudation.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>Fourteen female B6D2F1/J mice (approximately 4 weeks of age), nine male B6D2F1/J mice (6-12 weeks of age), and 28 CD-1 female mice (approximately 6 weeks of age) were used for experiment.</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>We designed a contactless platform for oocyte denudation on the basis of the principle of focalized acoustic waves. We first investigated the acoustic intensity and thermal variability by measuring the surface displacement and temperature with a thermal camera to ensure a safe operation. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were denuded by conventional MP with 40 IU/mL of hyaluronidase serving as control or by AHTs with a reduced amount of hyaluronidase (15 IU/mL). Piezo-ICSI was performed on both experimental and control groups. A triplicate of denudation and insemination experiments was performed. All embryos were monitored in a time-lapse incubator. Embryo developmental rates were compared by the chi-square test. Embryo morphokinetic timing as a continuous variable was compared by 1-way analysis of variance. Embryo transfers were performed on some blastocysts.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The procedural time for each denudation method was measured and compared. Fertilization, embryo development and morphokinetics, pregnancy, and live birth rate were compared between the control and experimental cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Facile noncontact denudation was achieved without any damage to oocyte. Acoustic induced fluidic shear was the main contributor to COC denudation. The average denudation time per oocyte decreased by 46% (15 seconds per oocyte for control vs. 8 seconds per oocyte for AHT) while using a lower concentration of hyaluronidase. Piezo-ICSI on oocytes processed by MP and AHTs resulted in comparable rates of survival (86.1% vs. 85.3%), fertilization (96.7% vs. 94.1%), and blastocyst (88.0% vs. 81.3%). Embryo morphokinetics for both experimental and control cohorts were comparable, showing no impact of sound waves on the embryo development. Eventual delivery rates were also comparable between the MP and AHT cohorts (51.3% vs. 55.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acoustohydrodynamic tweezers are used for contactless removal of the cumulus cells from the COCs before ICSI in an expedited, safe, and reliable manner. Embryo development outcomes confirm their safety and validate their potential for a comprehensive ICSI-on-chip device.</p>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relugolix reduces leiomyoma extracellular matrix production via the transforming growth factor-beta pathway.","authors":"Adina Schwartz, Minnie Malik, Paul Driggers, William H Catherino","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if the oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist relugolix affects leiomyoma extracellular matrix production through the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Laboratory study.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>Exposure of human leiomyoma cells to TGF-β and/or relugolix.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Production of TGF-β, pSMAD2/3, SMAD2/3, collagen 1A1 (COL1A1), fibronectin (FN1), and versican (VCAN) in treated and untreated leiomyoma cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transforming growth factor-beta 3 production decreased at 24 hours with relugolix 10 nM (0.80 ± 0.09-fold) and 100 nM (0.86 ± 0.06-fold) and at 48 hours with relugolix 1 nM (0.86 ± 0.05-fold) and 100 nM (0.86 ± 0.06-fold). pSMAD2/3 production decreased at 24 hours with relugolix 1 nM (0.71 ± 0.01-fold), 10 nM (0.68 ± 0.01-fold), and 100 nM (0.41 ± 0.10-fold). Compared with relugolix treatment alone at the same concentration, combination treatment at 24 hours resulted in significantly increased COL1A1, FN1, and VCAN production with relugolix 1 nM, 10 nM, and 100 nM. At 48 hours, combination treatment resulted in significantly increased COL1A1, FN1, and VCAN production with relugolix 10 nM and 100 nM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Relugolix regulated leiomyoma size by decreasing COL1A1, FN1, and VCAN production. This effect is at least partly through the TGF-β pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct assessment of hereditary hemochromatosis in preimplantation genetic testing.","authors":"Qinnan Zhang, Maria Katz, Benjamin Podgursky, Nicholas Schuch, Shenglai Li, Noor Siddiqui, Funda Suer, Yuntao Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common genetic disorder characterized by iron overload, which, if undiagnosed, can lead to severe organ damage. There are 4 types of HH. Type 1 HH, the most common form, is primarily caused by a common variant in Western Europe (p.Cys282Tyr, C282Y, or c.845 G>A). It is generally preventable during in vitro fertilization if proper genetic testing is performed before implantation. Here, we demonstrated a direct detection and cost-effective approach using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) settings.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We began by validating the assay with genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from Coriell cell lines of known HFE C282Y genotypes, followed by testing patients' genomic DNA samples. After establishing the assay on genomic DNA, we extended the assay to whole-genome amplified DNA from embryo biopsies.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>The subjects include cell line samples and human specimens and human embryo biopsies.</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>Patients and embryos either carried or did not carry the HFE C282Y variant in their genome. No intervention was applied.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The readout included the genotype of samples at the HFE C282Y locus and accuracy of PCR-RFLP results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An accuracy of >99% was achieved across 80 cell line samples, 38 patient samples, and 81 embryo biopsies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using the PCR-RFLP approach to PGT. Specifically, we validated the assay for the HFE C282Y variant, the primary cause of type 1 hemochromatosis. The assay was tested on genomic DNA and DNA resulting from whole-genome amplification, achieving >99% accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and specificity. These results also suggest the possibility for extending the PCR-RFLP approach to cover a broader range of conditions, such as spinal muscular atrophy, to benefit more patients currently ineligible for testing at PGT laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Receptive window might be shorter in patients with endometriosis and lesions cyclically prepare for implantation.","authors":"Nirukshi Samarajeewa, Sophea Heng, Ying Li, Maxine Scelwyn, Luk J Rombauts, Guiying Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether endometrial receptivity is affected in patients with endometriosis using podocalyxin (PCX) as a functional biomarker and to study how endometriotic lesions display PCX and the potential pathological implications.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We have previously reported that PCX, an anti-adhesion glycoprotein and barrier protector, is dynamically regulated in the endometrium and acts as a key negative regulator of epithelial receptivity. Early in the cycle both luminal epithelium (LE, lining the endometrial surface) and glandular epithelium (GE, residing within the tissue) strongly express PCX, but in the receptive window, PCX is selectively downregulated in LE, switching the endometrial surface to an adhesive state for embryo attachment/implantation; meanwhile, PCX expression is maintained in GE until postreceptivity. Here, we immuno-stained PCX in endometrial tissues and ectopic lesions biopsied across the menstrual cycle from patients with endometriosis (EOS, n = 41), and compared with endometrium of non-endometriosis controls (non-EOS, n = 55). We further investigated how PCX changes observed in ectopic lesions may influence their adhesive capacity.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>RMIT University, Australia.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Women without and with endometriosis.</p><p><strong>Intervention(s): </strong>Not applicable.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The window of endometrial receptivity might be shorter in patients with endometriosis; ectopic sites in addition downregulate PCX cyclically, mirroring the eutopic endometrial cells in preparing for receptivity to increase their adhesion potential.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Endometrial PCX levels were comparable between non-EOS and EOS early in the cycle, and in both groups, PCX is downregulated in LE during the expected window of receptivity; however, in EOS endometrium, PCX is reduced earlier in GE as if the receptive window were shorter. In endometriotic lesions, PCX was detected in endometrial LE- and GE-like cells plus mesothelial cells enveloping peritoneal organs, but PCX was cyclically lost specifically in LE-like cells and reduced in GE-like cells as seen in the eutopic endometrium, which however may increase their adhesion potential to nearby organs (overlaid by mesothelial cells). This speculation was further corroborated in an in vitro model showing endometrial epithelial cells with lower PCX were indeed more adhesive to mesothelial cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endometrial receptivity is subtly affected in patients with endometriosis with a shorter window. Cyclic downregulation of PCX in ectopic sites may have pathological consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic aneuploidy — the true “last barrier in assisted reproductive technology”?","authors":"Alexander M. Quaas M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Alan S. Penzias M.D. ,&nbsp;Eli Y. Adashi M.D., M.S.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human embryonic aneuploidy may represent one of the final frontiers in assisted reproductive technology, primarily secondary to oocyte aneuploidy. Mammalian oocytes possess unique characteristics predisposing them to much higher rates of aneuploidy than sperm or most somatic cells. Some of these characteristics are age-independent, whereas others result from reproductive aging and environmental toxicity. A detailed understanding of these properties may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools designed to detect and prevent oocyte and embryonic aneuploidy to overcome this ultimate barrier to success in assisted reproductive technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 303-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered uterine primary myometrial cells with high-mobility group AT-hook 2 overexpression display a leiomyoma-like transcriptional and epigenomic phenotype","authors":"Priyanka Saini Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Austin G. Holmes Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jian-Jun Wei M.D. ,&nbsp;J. Brandon Parker Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Debabrata Chakravarti Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine if engineered high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) overexpressing uterine primary myometrial cells recapitulate the transcriptional and epigenomic features of HMGA2-subtype leiomyomas.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Isolated primary, “normal” myometrial cells from three patients were engineered to overexpress HMGA2 to determine how HMGA2 establishes transcriptomic and epigenomic features of HMGA2-overexpressing leiomyoma.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Academic research laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Patient(s)</h3><div>Primary myometrial cells were isolated from normal myometrium obtained from three patients undergoing hysterectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><div>Not applicable.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><div>Determined genome-wide transcriptomic and epigenomic features of engineered HMGA2-overexpressing uterine primary myometrial cells.</div></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><div>Engineered HMGA2-V5-overexpressing primary myometrial cells approximated the HMGA2 expression level observed in HMGA2-overexpression subtype leiomyoma. High-mobility group AT-hook 2-V5 expression resulted in differential expression of 1,612 genes (false discovery rate [FDR] &lt; 0.05) that were found to be enriched in pathways associated with leiomyoma formation, including extracellular matrix organization. Comparative gene expression analysis between HMGA2-V5 engineered primary cells and HMGA2-overexpression subtype leiomyoma revealed significant overlap of differentially expressed genes. Mechanistically, HMGA2-V5 overexpression resulted in 41,323 regions with differential H3K27ac deposition (FDR &lt; 0.05) and 205,605 regions of altered chromatin accessibility (FDR &lt; 0.05). Transcription factor binding site analysis implicated the AP-1 family of transcription factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><div>High-mobility group AT-hook 2 overexpression induces leiomyoma-like transcriptomic and epigenomic modulations in myometrial cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 352-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic profiling of the oocyte-cumulus-granulosa cell complex from estrogen receptor β knockout mice","authors":"Virpi Töhönen Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Per Antonson Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Nageswara Rao Boggavarapu Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Heba Ali M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Leticia Apolinario Motaholi Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jan-Åke Gustafsson Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Mukesh Varshney Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Kenny A. Rodriguez-Wallberg Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shintaro Katayama Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ivan Nalvarte Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jose Inzunza Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To study the role of estrogen receptor β in follicle development and maturation and the response to gonadotropin stimulation aiming at superovulation.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Experimental study and transcriptomic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Karolinka Institutet, medical university.</div></div><div><h3>Animal(s)</h3><div>Healthy wild-type (WT) and estrogen receptor β knockout (<em>Esr</em>2-KO) female mice undergoing superovulation at 4 weeks, 7 weeks, and 6 months of age.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><div>Not applicable.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><div>Oocyte yield after superovulation, transcriptomic profiling of cumulus-granulosa cell complexes and oocytes, and immunohistochemical analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><div>Superovulation of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) knockout mice resulted in reduced oocyte yield at 6 months of age compared with WT mice, but younger mice had similar yields. RNA-seq analysis of cumulus cells from superovulated WT and <em>Esr</em>2-KO mice identified genes and pathways associated with among others adhesion, proliferation, Wnt-signaling, and placed ERβ in bipotential granulosa cell cluster. Loss of ERβ increased expression of the other estrogen receptors <em>Esr1</em> and <em>Gper1</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><div>Our results show that ERβ has an important role in regulating ovulation in response to exogenous gonadotropins in 6-month-old mice, but not in younger mice. Our transcriptomic and immunohistochemical observations suggest a dysregulation of the granulosa cell communication and lack of tight coordination between granulosa cell replication and antrum expansion. A significant upregulation of other estrogen receptors may support a compensatory mechanism sustaining fertility during younger age in <em>Esr2</em>-KO mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 306-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures in endometriosis","authors":"Katherine B. Zutautas M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Priyanka Yolmo B.Tech. ,&nbsp;Minqi Xu M.D. ,&nbsp;Timothy Childs M.D. ,&nbsp;Madhuri Koti D.V.M., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Chandrakant Tayade D.V.M., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine whether tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), which reflect organized immune cell aggregates present in non-lymphoid tissues, are consistent features of endometriosis lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Detailed histopathological analysis of endometrial and lesion tissue from patients with endometriosis and controls was performed. Multiplex immunofluorescence on select samples was then conducted to identify canonical cell populations present within TLSs: CD3⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cells, CD79a⁺ B-cells, CD208⁺ dendritic cells, CD21⁺ follicular dendritic cells, and PNAd⁺ high endothelial venules.</div></div><div><h3>Patient(s)</h3><div>Patients with histologically confirmed endometriosis (N = 113; 44.3 ± 6.0) and control individuals (N = 110; 44.6 ± 7.1).</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>Not applicable.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><div>Detection of TLSs as characterized by the presence of all canonical cell types that constitute TLS and structure morphology.</div></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><div>Of the selected samples (N = 18; 6 ectopic/eutopic/control), mature TLSs were identified in 3 ectopic tissue samples present on the ovary and fallopian tube, with immature TLSs (lacking follicular dendritic cell networks and high endothelial venules) present throughout eutopic and control endometrial samples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings demonstrate the presence of TLSs across various endometriosis phenotypes, prompting further research into their significance within disease pathophysiology and the prognostic implications for patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 335-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the Editor-in-Chief","authors":"William H. Catherino M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 301-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}