F&S reviews最新文献

{"title":"Changes in the number and activity of natural killer cells and its clinical association with endometriosis: systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Getnet Gedefaw Azeze M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Ling Wu M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Bekalu Kassie Alemu M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Chi Chiu Wang M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2024.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2024.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To pool all available data from literature and compare the differences in cell percentages and cytotoxicity of peripheral blood, peritoneal fluid, and uterine natural killer (NK) cells (pNK, pfNK, uNK) between individuals with endometriosis and those without. In addition, we examined the differences in NK cells between early and advanced stages of endometriosis.</p></div><div><h3>Evidence review</h3><p>International databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and EMBASE through OVID were searched. Meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol) and PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) frame. STATA 17 was used to analyze the data. T² and I² Statistics were calculated to check heterogeneity. Meta-analysis was performed to compare the percentage and cytotoxic activity of NK cells between different groups. A random effect model was used to pool all the available data. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were used to identify the source of heterogeneity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We included 29 case control and 2 cross-sectional studies across 13 countries that met our inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in the percentage of pNK cells (mean difference [MD] 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.52, 4.39; I² 94.52%; total of 915 women), and pfNK cells (MD 2.12, 95% CI −5.26, 9.5; I² 96.59%; total 397 women) between women with endometriosis and controls. However, the percentage of uNK cells (MD 3.91, 95% CI 1.63, 6.19; I² 0%; a total of 149 women) was significantly higher in women with endometriosis compared with controls. The study also found that the cytotoxic activity of pNK cells (MD −8.01, 95% CI −13, −3.02; I² 40.27%; total of 187 women), pfNK cells (MD −9.94, 95% C: −13.53, −6.34; I² 0%; total 110 women), and uNK cells (MD −12.1, 95% CI −17.95, −6.27; I² 16.75%; total 104 women) were significantly lower in women with endometriosis compared with the control group. Similarly, the pooled mean lytic unit of pNK cell cytotoxicity in women with endometriosis (MD −2.77, 95% CI −3.91, −1.63; I² 0%; total of 74 women) was significantly lower than controls. However, there was no significant difference in the NK cell cytotoxicity between the early and advanced stages of endometriosis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The consistent reduction of NK cell cytotoxicity across different samples (peripheral blood, peritoneal fluid, and endometrial tissue) may provide insights into the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Establishing standardized references for the cytotoxicity of uNK, pfNK, and pNK cells, as well as the percentage of uNK cells, is a prerequisite to determining their potential values in clinical diagnosis and treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140772162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the silver lining: a narrative review of clinical evaluation and management of chronic endometritis and its impact on fertility","authors":"Michael R. Strug D.O., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Lindsay A. Hartup M.D. ,&nbsp;Emily Ryan M.D. ,&nbsp;Ruth B. Lathi M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2024.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2024.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic endometritis (CE) is a challenging clinical diagnosis that is often encountered in patients with conditions impacting fertility. Evaluation for CE is somewhat controversial, largely because of a lack of consensus regarding appropriate screening methods and benefits of treatment. Testing is relatively invasive, requiring direct endometrial sampling with histologic evaluation for the presence of plasma cells, a key feature of CE. However, other testing methods have been proposed, including, more recently, microbiome testing. Moreover, defined histologic criteria are currently lacking with significant variability in practice patterns regarding diagnosis. We seek to comprehensively review the literature and examine what is known regarding the pathophysiology, histologic findings, clinical presentation, and treatment of CE. We further examine the association of CE and its implications for patients with conditions impacting fertility, including infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, recurrent implantation failure, and endometriosis. On the basis of the evidence, we aim to better define when to initiate evaluation for CE and to determine indications for treatment. We also provide a clinical algorithm for CE screening and management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140774166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin value in early pregnancy after in vitro fertilization as a predictor of pregnancy outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Sharon Galperin M.D. ,&nbsp;Julian A. Gingold M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Tova Niderberg M.D. ,&nbsp;Christine Leinbach Seaton M.D. ,&nbsp;Juan Lin Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Rachel Schwartz MLS ,&nbsp;Staci E. Pollack M.D., M.S.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>To assess the initial human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) value as a predictor of live </span>birth<span> (LB) after in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy.</span></p></div><div><h3>Evidence Review</h3><p><span>A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar results between January 1, 1985, and January 20, 2022, was conducted. Studies that reported hCG levels for adult females who underwent IVF treatment and had a positive serum pregnancy test were included. Studies must have measured serum hCG levels before 10 weeks gestational age and calculated cutoff hCG level values for predicting pregnancy outcome from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Exclusion criteria included spontaneous pregnancies<span><span>, intrauterine insemination, </span>gamete intrafallopian transfer, and </span></span>ovulation induction cycles. The outcome assessed was pregnancies resulting in LB. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed via the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the QUADAS-2 tool.</p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p><span>A total of 1,510 abstracts were screened, and 157 full texts were reviewed. Twenty-six retrospective cohort studies were selected, which included 34,220 IVF cycles with positive hCG values. Gestational age on the day of hCG level measurement ranged from 23–33 days, with days 28 and 31 as the most frequently occurring days. Day 28 hCG cutoff values for predicting LB ranged from 49.2–108.0 IU/L, with sensitivities ranging from 71.5%–93.7%. Day 31 hCG cutoff values ranged from 145.00–411.45 IU/L, with sensitivities ranging from 61.2%–96.1%. Summary ROC curves generated from bivariate analyses of sensitivity and specificity showed areas under the curves of 0.845 and 0.718 for days 28 and 31, respectively. Summary ROC curves of day 31 hCG values after fresh and frozen-thawed </span>embryo transfers showed areas under the curve of 0.701 and 0.889, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>Day 28 hCG cutoff values may provide more reliable predictions for LB compared with day 31. On day 28, an hCG level of 49.2 IU/L would identify 93.7% of the patients who will go on to have a LB, and an hCG level of 108 IU/L would identify 71.5%. However, significant study heterogeneity complicates the quality of estimated hCG levels, sensitivity, and specificity comparisons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of epigenetics of endometriosis","authors":"Bronwyn S. Bedrick M.D., M.Sci. ,&nbsp;Laura Courtright M.S.N., R.N. ,&nbsp;Jiahui Zhang M.D. ,&nbsp;Morgan Snow B.A. ,&nbsp;Isabela Landsteiner Sampaio Amendola M.D. ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Nylander M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Kamaria Cayton-Vaught M.D. ,&nbsp;James Segars M.D. ,&nbsp;Bhuchitra Singh M.D., M.P.H., M.S., M.B.A.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To assess the current literature evaluating the epigenetics of endometriosis in humans.</p></div><div><h3>Evidence Review</h3><p>A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines within PubMed, EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. A comprehensive search strategy was developed by a data informationist. Observational and interventional studies assessing epigenetics in humans published in English up to January 15, 2023, were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies evaluating the role of epigenetics in endometriosis. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Extracted data were analyzed descriptively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified 18,639 studies, of which 57 were included, comprising 1,623 patients with endometriosis and 1,243 controls. Among the 57 studies included, 50 (88%) were case-control studies, and 7 (12%) were cross-sectional. Fifty-nine percent of the studies were Asian, 25% were from America, 14% were European, and 2% were from Africa. Acetylation and methylation were the two main key histone modifications that were centered in this review. Accordingly, we classified the studies as those focusing on genome-wide methylation and those on histone acetylation. Several studies identified an association between endometriosis and hypermethylated genes, including the PGR-B, SF-1, and RASSF1A. The genes HOXA10, COX-2, IL-12B, and GATA6 were found to be hypomethylated in endometriotic tissue by several studies. In regard to histone modification, multiple studies reported that the acetylation levels of histones H3 and H4 affect multiple genes associated with endometriosis. In addition, HDAC2 was found to be elevated in patients with endometriosis in two studies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Several studies reported a significant difference between specific genes’ methylation levels in endometrial biopsies and normal tissue, which suggests that DNA methylation may play an important role in the modulation of the genotype in endometriotic tissue. Acetylation and methylation are the two key histone modifications leading to differential gene expression in endometriotic tissues. The alterations in gene expression reported by the 57 studies can have direct implications on cell cycle growth, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis and, therefore, might play a key role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. This review offers insight into the fact that histone modifications need further research to evaluate their role as potential biomarkers and treatment targets for endometriosis. Although several key similarities were reported, there were some disagreements among the results, which might be attributable to the heterogeneity between studies. Further research with a more robust standardization is needed to validate the epigenetic","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139827923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioengineering: a promising approach for standardization and automation of assisted reproductive technology","authors":"Fatemeh Amjad M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Hajari M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Azam Dalman Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Hossein Baharvand Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Leila Montazeri Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a commonly used treatment for infertile couples. However, the suboptimal success rate of ART highlights the urgent need for optimization. One promising strategy to significantly improve ART outcomes is to standardize and automate all steps involved, ranging from high-quality gamete selection to in vitro fertilization, embryo culture, embryo examination, and selection as well as gamete and embryo cryopreservation. Cutting-edge technologies, such as microfluidics and artificial intelligence (AI), have been developed for this purpose and have demonstrated remarkable potential in this area. Microfluidic systems have the potential to integrate ART steps into a miniaturized and automated device, which can minimize human error, save time and costs, enhance reproducibility and consistency, and improve accuracy. Additionally, AI is playing an increasingly important role in automating key aspects of ART. Leveraging its powerful abilities in rapid, accurate, and intelligent analysis of large biomedical datasets, AI assists doctors and embryologists in making more informed and effective decisions. In summary, these bioengineering technologies have the potential to revolutionize ART, making it faster, more efficient, and ultimately more effective for couples seeking to conceive. This article provides a comprehensive overview of how microfluidics and AI are being applied in ART to advance the field and benefit patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139637019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The adverse effects of commonly used medications on male fertility: letter to the editor","authors":"Jennifer J. Yland Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Lauren A. Wise Sc.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility outcomes with assisted reproductive technology after fertility-sparing treatment for endometrial neoplasia: a systematic review","authors":"Elizabeth Manguso B.S., B.A. ,&nbsp;Elizabeth G. Thayer M.D. ,&nbsp;Kristen D. Starbuck M.D. ,&nbsp;Audrey Marsidi M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To review the literature on the fertility outcomes for individuals using assisted reproductive technologies<span> (ARTs) after fertility-sparing treatment (FST) for endometrial neoplasia. Answering this question has the potential to influence clinical practice, improve patient counseling, and guide further research.</span></p></div><div><h3>Evidence Review</h3><p>Inclusion criteria were as follows: prospective and retrospective studies evaluating patients with complex atypical hyperplasia<span><span>, endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN), or </span>endometrial adenocarcinoma<span> (EAC) who underwent FST, have a group or subgroup of patients who used ART, and discuss pregnancy-related outcomes for the ART cycles or proportion of patients using ART methods. Articles not in English were excluded. Four independent reviewers reviewed articles for inclusion. Twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria, including 19 retrospective studies, 5 prospective studies, and 1 randomized control trial.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Assisted reproductive technology utilization among this population is high; although live birth rate per transfer is lower than expected, cumulative pregnancy rates approach what may be expected in other groups. Factors associated with success with in vitro fertilization (IVF) may include endometrial thickness &gt;8 mm and shorter time to treatment after complete remission. Additionally, IVF does not increase mortality from EIN/EAC.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, this review demonstrated that ART can be an effective treatment option for individuals desiring fertility after FST for EIN/EAC; however, additional research is needed into pregnancy outcomes with ART methods after FST and the timing of treatment initiation. Providers should be diligent in referring individuals who desire pregnancy after FST to reproductive endocrinology and infertility services to increase the chances of pregnancy before disease recurrence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 207-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaginoplasty for gender dysphoria and Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome: a systematic review","authors":"Jayson Sueters M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Freek A. Groenman M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Mark-Bram Bouman M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jan Paul W.R. Roovers M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ralph de Vries M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Theo H. Smit Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Judith A.F. Huirne M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Vaginoplasty is performed on approximately 20% of Dutch patients with male-to-female Gender Dysphoria (GD) and Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS). Various procedures are available, but comparisons of technique outcomes are lacking. The investigators aim to aid well-informed decision making by highlighting information gaps, weaknesses, and strengths.</p></div><div><h3>Evidence Review</h3><p>A systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus until October 7, 2022, by Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes method and prospectively registered systematic reviews registration. Original retrospective studies on complete neovaginal creation were included. Inclusion criteria were original, peer-reviewed articles, ≥10 adult patients with MRKHS or transfeminine, ≥6 months postvaginoplasty, and report at least one outcome (anatomy, complications, complaints, satisfaction, sexual function, or quality of life [QoL]) with 5 patients with MRKHS or transfeminine needed as isolated patient population. Exclusion criteria were merged results of patient types (with control groups) and/or vaginoplasty techniques, unspecified vaginoplasty techniques, combined treatments, or vaginoplasty as secondary procedures. Methodological quality and potential bias were assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool. Outcome assessed anatomy, QoL, satisfaction, sexual function, complications, or complaints.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our search yielded 52 studies with 9 different vaginoplasty techniques. In total, 35 GD and 17 MRKHS studies were eligible. Mean vagina length was 8.3–16.2 cm and 7.6–16.4 cm, respectively. In patients with GD, hemorrhage (mean 0%–43.9%), necrosis (mean 0%–25.7%), prolapse (mean 0%–7.7%), stenosis (mean 0%–73.8%), gastrointestinal complications (mean 0%–8.3%), revisions (mean 3.2%–63.2%), pain (mean 3.1%–13.6%), discharge (mean 3.2%–6.7%), regret (mean 0%–6.5%), and fecal- (mean 3.2%–17.3%) and urinary issues (mean 1.3%–46.2%) were reported. Patients with MRKHS reported necrotic (mean 0%–16.7%) and stenotic complications (mean 0%–13.0%), discharge (mean 0%–100%), and prolapse (mean 0%–3.7%). Both patients with GD and MRKHS showed a high variation of Sexual activity (mean GD = 31.1%–86.7% and MRKHS = 21.2%–100%) and Dyspareunia (mean GD = 1.6%–50% and MRKHS = 0%–41.7%). Patients with MRKHS were more satisfied with anatomy (mean GD = 72.2%–100% and MRKHS = 100%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>For patients with GD and MRKHS, multiple vaginoplasty techniques improve QoL and self-image with low rates of complications/complaints and high satisfaction. However, the heterogenicity of outcome-measuring methods reflects the need for standardized validation tools. Direct technique comparisons per patient cohort and exploration of tissue-engineering methods are critical for future surgical advancements and well-informed decision making. T","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 219-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666571923000117/pdfft?md5=48e4acc6e8fca969a2b8d57aa79a3c87&pid=1-s2.0-S2666571923000117-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136127367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The adverse effects of commonly used medications on male fertility: a comprehensive review","authors":"Armin Ghomeshi B.S. ,&nbsp;Boris Yang B.S. ,&nbsp;Thomas A. Masterson M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>There is an increasing number of young men taking medications for chronic conditions, such as high blood pressure, psychiatric illness, and pain management. Furthermore, the prevalence of use for these medications only increases with age. However, despite the long-term indications for these treatments, the adverse effect on fertility is not well recognized. There are a plethora of </span>clinical trials<span><span> studying the effects of various medications on spermatogenesis<span><span> in rodents; however, animal models do not fully translate to potential human side effects. Commonly prescribed medications may affect male fertility by altering hormone secretion or impairing </span>testosterone secretion, sperm production, and ejaculation. Other </span></span>drugs<span> are known to increase erectile dysfunction<span> and decrease libido. Although the evidence is not conclusive for many drug groups, this review presents the most compelling information on commonly prescribed drugs for male fertility. To our knowledge, this is the only review to compile information on commonly prescribed medications that may affect male fertility, sperm function, and libido. We believe that our review can help clinicians further personalize patient prescriptions based on their individual needs and goals as well as unveil an untapped area of research.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 176-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49882328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic changes of histone methylation in male germ cells during spermatogenesis","authors":"Yesim Bilmez M.Sc.,&nbsp;Saffet Ozturk Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Spermatogenesis<span><span> is a strictly regulated, complex process by which sperm cells are continuously produced throughout a person’s lifespan. This process includes 3 unique events: mitotic division, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. Many genes playing key roles in these events are mainly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms<span>, especially DNA methylation and </span></span>histone modifications<span>. Histone methylation is one of the basic modifications in </span></span></span>histones<span><span> and contributes to the timely control of transcriptional activation<span> and repression of the genes implicated in cell cycle progression, </span></span>meiotic recombination<span>, DNA repair, chromosome segregation<span>, and chromatin condensation<span><span>. For this purpose, specific histone methyltransferases<span> perform methylation of the lysine and/or arginine residues of histones localized in nucleosomes. Added methyl groups can be removed by exclusive </span></span>histone demethylases<span> when necessary. Potential defects in correctly establishing histone methylation marks in H3K4, H3K9, H3K27, H3K36, H4R3, and H4K20 residues in male germline cells during spermatogenesis may result in the development of infertility. In this review, we comprehensively evaluate histone methylation dynamics in male germ cells, from spermatogonia to sperm cells. In addition, infertility development in males is discussed in terms of altered histone methylation accumulation because of altered expression of the histone methyltransferases and histone demethylases.</span></span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 187-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49882329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}