Energy & Environmental Science最新文献

{"title":"Harnessing enhanced lithium-ion storage in self-assembled organic nanowires for batteries and metal-ion supercapacitors†","authors":"Ievgen Obraztsov, Rostislav Langer, Jean G. A. Ruthes, Volker Presser, Michal Otyepka, Radek Zbořil and Aristides Bakandritsos","doi":"10.1039/D4EE02777A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE02777A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Organic materials have emerged as highly efficient electrodes for electrochemical energy storage, offering sustainable solutions independent from non-renewable resources. In this study, we showcase that mesoscale engineering can dramatically transform the electrochemical features of a molecular organic carboxylic anode. Through a sustainable, energy-efficient and environmentally benign self-assembly strategy, we developed a network of organic nanowires formed during water evaporation directly on the copper current collector, circumventing the need for harmful solvents, typically employed in such processes. The organic nanowire anode delivers high capacity and rate, reaching 1888 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small> at 0.1 A g<small>⁻¹</small> and maintaining 508 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small> at a specific current of 10 A g<small>⁻¹</small>. Moreover, it exhibits superior thermal management during lithiation in comparison to graphite and other organic anodes. Comprehensive electrochemical evaluations and theoretical calculations reveal rapid charge transport mechanisms, with lithium diffusivity rates reaching 5 × 10<small>⁻⁹</small> cm<small>²</small> s<small>⁻¹</small>, facilitating efficient and rapid interactions with 24 lithium atoms per molecule. Integrated as the negative electrode in a lithium-ion capacitor, paired with a commercially available porous carbon, the cell delivers a specific energy of 156 W h kg<small>⁻¹</small> at a specific power of 0.34 kW kg<small>⁻¹</small> and 60.2 W h kg<small>⁻¹</small> at 19.4 kW kg<small>⁻¹</small>, establishing a benchmark among state-of-the-art systems in the field. These results underscore the critical role of supramolecular organization for optimizing the performance of organic electrode materials for practical and sustainable energy storage technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8874-8884"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ee/d4ee02777a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoproteasome as a biomarker for immunotherapy","authors":"Radhakrishnan Sabarinathan","doi":"10.1038/s41568-024-00759-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-024-00759-7","url":null,"abstract":"In this Journal Club, Sabarinathan discusses a study suggesting immunoproteasome expression as a potential biomarker of response to immune checkpoint inhibition in melanoma.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":78.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing inter-domain connectivity by reducing fractal dimensions: the key to passivating deep traps in organic photovoltaics†","authors":"Yuang Fu, Luhang Xu, Yuhao Li, Emily J. Yang, Yu Guo, Guilong Cai, Pok Fung Chan, Yubin Ke, Chun-Jen Su, U-Ser Jeng, Philip C. Y. Chow, Ji-Seon Kim, Man-Chung Tang and Xinhui Lu","doi":"10.1039/D4EE02961E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE02961E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The detrimental impact of non-geminate recombination on high-performance organic photovoltaics has been recognised and primarily attributed to bimolecular recombination. However, the recent surge in Y-series acceptor-based systems has drawn attention to deep-trap-assisted monomolecular recombination. This study reveals the morphological origin of deep traps in the prototypical PM6:Y6 system, identifying isolated crystalline and amorphous Y6 domains as key contributors. The findings underscore the importance of improving inter-acceptor domain connectivity for effective trap passivation. For the first time, we have pinpointed a crucial metric for inversely quantifying the inter-acceptor domain connectivity: the crystalline domain fractal dimension (<em>D</em><small>_f</small>). Due to the self-similar nature of fractal structures, the fractal dimension propagates across multi-length scales and can be controlled by tuning local intermolecular aggregation motifs. Remarkably, combining diiodide benzene (DIB) as the additive and layer-by-layer (LBL) processing effectively promotes the more extended backbone order of Y6 molecules, consequently reducing the fractal dimensions and passivating deep traps. By applying this strategy to another high-performance system, D18:L8BO, a benchmark efficiency of 19.6% is achieved, among the highest efficiencies reported for LBL OPVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8893-8903"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular battery design: investing in sustainability and profitability","authors":"Andreas Wolf, Felix Nagler, Philip Daubinger, Christoph Neef, Karl Mandel, Andreas Flegler and Guinevere A. Giffin","doi":"10.1039/D4EE03418J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE03418J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sustainability along the battery value chain is a much talked about goal but currently comes third after cost and performance. Historically, improved sustainability comes with a penalty in terms of cost and performance. This interplay will certainly evolve in the coming years. Ecological and social aspects driven by legislative frameworks guarantee recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to prevent hazardous waste in landfills. The trend in the electric vehicle (EV) sector towards low-cost chemistries like lithium iron phosphate (LFP) represents a double-edged sword, as the recycling profitability of such materials is extremely low for the established recycling methods. Extending battery lifetime and enabling direct recycling, where anode and cathode materials maintain their structure and functionality, are key strategies to increase sustainability and profitability. However, their implementation necessitates a shift in LIB design priorities. This Perspective highlights design for circularity as an enabler for improved battery longevity and direct recycling and represents a key tipping element for reducing cost and increasing sustainability in LIB production and disposition concurrently. We outline challenges and opportunities in battery production with special focus on the European EV sector and define actions required from various stakeholders along the value chain to overcome the mindset of linear economies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8529-8544"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ee/d4ee03418j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering ultrafast exciton dynamics to boost organic photovoltaic performance†","authors":"Yu Guo, Guangchao Han, Jing Guo, Haotian Guo, Yuang Fu, Xiaodan Miao, Zhen Wang, Dongsheng Li, Shuixing Li, Xiaomin Xu, Xinhui Lu, Hongzheng Chen, Yuanping Yi and Philip C. Y. Chow","doi":"10.1039/D4EE03315A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE03315A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >State-of-the-art organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices are based on Y-type acceptors, with power conversion efficiencies now exceeding 20%. However, the basic structure–photophysics–performance relationship of these materials remains unclear, hindering rational material development and engineering. Here we investigate a broad range of Y-type acceptors using a combination of experimental and theoretical studies. We first show that a transient electroabsorption (TEA) signal is universal in neat Y-type acceptor films upon photoexcitation, which is caused by the formation of intermolecular charge-transfer (ICT) states in tightly packed molecular aggregates (<em>i.e.</em> ordered regions of the film). Tracking the TEA signal growth dynamics can monitor the migration of excitons from disordered to ordered regions in various Y-type acceptor films on the sub-picosecond timescale. Importantly, our results reveal that Y-type acceptors with moderately reduced intermolecular interaction strength can generally achieve faster exciton migration, better structural uniformity and higher device performance, thereby providing insights for future OPV material development and engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8776-8786"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning the Co pre-oxidation process of Co3O4via geometrically reconstructed F–Co–O active sites for boosting acidic water oxidation†","authors":"Yi Wang, Pu Guo, Jing Zhou, Bing Bai, Yifan Li, Mingrun Li, Pratteek Das, Xianhong Wu, Linjuan Zhang, Yi Cui, Jianping Xiao and Zhong-Shuai Wu","doi":"10.1039/D4EE03982C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE03982C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cobalt-based oxides are potential alternatives to noble metal catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER); however, their activity and stability are limited by the surface reorganization of cobalt oxide into the Co(<small>IV</small>)<img>O active phase of pure Co<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small> with retarded OER kinetics. Herein, we report a geometrically reconstructed active site F–Co–O of Co<small>₃</small>O<small>_{4−<em>x</em>}</small>F<small>_<em>x</em></small> phase by forming an F electron-dominated sharing effect, which prominently regulates the Co pre-OER feature of the pure Co<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small> catalyst, and displays an unconventional electrochemical behavior for remarkably boosted acidic water oxidation. The Co<small>₃</small>O<small>_{4−<em>x</em>}</small>F<small>_<em>x</em></small> catalyst exhibits a relatively low overpotential of 349 mV at 10 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> and operation durability of 120 h at 100 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> for the acidic OER, making it one of the best-performing non-noble metal catalysts. The in-depth mechanistic analysis <em>via</em> quasi <em>in situ/operando</em> techniques and density functional theory proves the ability of F to adjust the Co pre-oxidation reaction on Co<small>₃</small>O<small>_{4−<em>x</em>}</small>F<small>_<em>x</em></small> and reproduces the remarkable activity of the OER over Co<small>₃</small>O<small>_{4−<em>x</em>}</small>F<small>_<em>x</em></small>, as well as detailing the switchable rate-determining step and catalytic mechanisms for exceptionally enhanced performance. This work opens feasible avenues for designing acidic OER catalysts of non-precious metal oxides toward commercial water electrolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8820-8828"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encoding spatial tumour dynamics with Starfysh","authors":"Siyu He","doi":"10.1038/s41568-024-00764-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-024-00764-w","url":null,"abstract":"In this Tools of the Trade article, Siyu He describes the development of Starfysh, a computational toolbox that integrates histology of complex tissues in spatial transcriptomic data analysis to characterize cell states.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":78.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An octave box inspired energy regularization triboelectric nanogenerator for highly efficient wave energy harvesting†","authors":"Yuanchao Ren, Zizhuo Wang, Jie Chen, Fei Wu and Hengyu Guo","doi":"10.1039/D4EE02969K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE02969K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) show great potential for wave energy harvesting. However, the low frequency and chaotic nature make it difficult for TENGs to generate stable electrical outputs, posing challenges for directly powering electronics and designing universal power management circuits. Inspired by the consistent and steady energy output of octave boxes, we propose a novel energy regularization triboelectric nanogenerator (ER-TENG). Chaotic wave energy is temporarily stored in coil springs by one-way bearings and then converted into a controlled rotation to drive TENGs through the synergistic effect of a gear set and a centrifugal speed limiter. The relationship between the rotational speed and the configuration of the gear set/centrifugal speed limiter is investigated to optimize the mechanical transmission efficiency. Moreover, the utilization of ternary dielectric materials and multi-layer stacked units enhances the electro-mechanical conversion efficiency, resulting in an average power density of up to 15.67 W m<small>⁻³</small>. Fast charging of capacitors is achieved through the ER-TENG using a simple power management circuit. In practical applications, the ER-TENG demonstrates the capability to continuously power offshore appliances. This energy regularization strategy enables TENGs to directly output a stable signal, which serves as a significant reference for the development of smart ocean systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8829-8837"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep ion mass transfer addressing the capacity shrink challenge of aqueous Zn‖MnO2 batteries during the cathode scaleup†","authors":"Na Jiang, You Zeng, Qi Yang, Puda Lu, Keqi Qu, Lihang Ye, Xuejun Lu, Ziqiang Liu, Xixian Li, Yongchao Tang, Jinchao Cao, Shimou Chen, Chunyi Zhi and Jieshan Qiu","doi":"10.1039/D4EE02871F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EE02871F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >MnO<small>₂</small> is considered a promising cathode for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), however there is a dilemma that it demonstrates high specific capacities at small mass loadings but sharp capacity shrikage at large mass loadings. Here, we uncover this dilemma and develop a deep ion mass transfer (DIMS) strategy. Alkaline zincate (ZHS) forms with the H<small>⁺</small>/Zn<small>²⁺</small> co-intercalation, which partially covers the cathode surface at small mass loading while fully covers the cathode surface under large mass loading. DIMS involves regulating MnO<small>₂</small> by interstitial carbon (IC@MnO<small>₂</small>) to suppress the affinity toward OH<small>⁻</small>/SO<small>₄</small><small>²⁻</small>, thus impeding ZHS coverage. We develop an accurate method to quantify the zinc storage amount normalized by manganese, which shows that IC@MnO<small>₂</small> exhibits zinc storage enhancement by 182.4% compared to bare MnO<small>₂</small>. IC@MnO<small>₂</small> exhibits remarkable capacity enhancement of 162% compared to bare MnO<small>₂</small> at 10 mg cm<small>⁻²</small>. This study presents a promising direction for the lab-to-market transition of AZIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":" 22","pages":" 8904-8914"},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer-induced systemic pre-conditioning of distant organs: building a niche for metastatic cells","authors":"Nicolas Rabas, Rute M. M. Ferreira, Stefania Di Blasio, Ilaria Malanchi","doi":"10.1038/s41568-024-00752-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-024-00752-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>From their early genesis, tumour cells integrate with the surrounding normal cells to form an abnormal structure that is tightly integrated with the host organism via blood and lymphatic vessels and even neural associations. Using these connections, emerging cancers send a plethora of mediators that efficiently perturb the entire organism and induce changes in distant tissues. These perturbations serendipitously favour early metastatic establishment by promoting a more favourable tissue environment (niche) that supports the persistence of disseminated tumour cells within a foreign tissue. Because the establishment of early metastatic niches represents a key limiting step for metastasis, the creation of a more suitable pre-conditioned tissue strongly enhances metastatic success. In this Review, we provide an updated view of the mechanisms and mediators of primary tumours described so far that induce a pro-metastatic conditioning of distant organs, which favours early metastatic niche formation. We reflect on the nature of cancer-induced systemic conditioning, considering that non-cancer-dependent perturbations of tissue homeostasis are also able to trigger pro-metastatic conditioning. We argue that a more holistic view of the processes catalysing metastatic progression is needed to identify preventive or therapeutic opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":78.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}