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The SHiP Experiment: the Problem of Multidimensional Muon Shielding Optimization SHiP实验：多维渺子屏蔽优化问题
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s1063779624700382
E. O. Kurbatov, F. D. Ratnikov, E. D. Ursov
{"title":"The SHiP Experiment: the Problem of Multidimensional Muon Shielding Optimization","authors":"E. O. Kurbatov, F. D. Ratnikov, E. D. Ursov","doi":"10.1134/s1063779624700382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063779624700382","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>SHiP (Search for Hidden Particles) is a new general purpose experiment on the SPS ring at CERN, which aims to search for hidden particles proposed by numerous theories beyond the Standard Model, potentially explaining dark matter, neutrino oscillations, and baryon asymmetry of the universe. SHiP is declared as a zero background experiment. The key element to achieve this is the muon shielding. On the one hand, it should provide good background suppression, and on the other hand, it should not be too heavy. This paper presents the results of obtaining muon shielding configurations using Bayesian optimization. This made it possible to reduce the background level by 2.5 times while maintaining the mass of shielding at the same level.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Baldin Autumn in My Life Baldin 我生命中的秋天
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s1063779624700874
N. P. Konopleva
{"title":"Baldin Autumn in My Life","authors":"N. P. Konopleva","doi":"10.1134/s1063779624700874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063779624700874","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The state of the relativistic theory of elementary particles, general relativity, and theoretical physics in the Soviet Union in general from the 1960s/70s to present is reviewed. The role of conferences in the organization of scientific research known as “Baldin Autumn” is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Three-Arm Spectrometer Scan-3 on Nuclotron Internal Targets 核动力源内部靶上的三臂光谱仪扫描-3
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s1063779624700813
S. V. Afanas’yev, Yu. S. Anisimov, V. A. Baskov, D. K. Dryablov, B. V. Dubinchik, Sh. Gmutsa, Ya. Kliman, R. Yu. Kolesnikov, Yu. F. Krechetov, O. V. Kutinova, A. S. Kuznetsov, A. I. L’vov, A. I. Malakhov, V. Mateushek, V. V. Polyanskii, D. G. Sakulin, S. S. Sidorin, V. A. Smirnov, E. V. Sukhov, V. V. Ustinov, V. Vartik, S. Vocal
{"title":"Three-Arm Spectrometer Scan-3 on Nuclotron Internal Targets","authors":"S. V. Afanas’yev, Yu. S. Anisimov, V. A. Baskov, D. K. Dryablov, B. V. Dubinchik, Sh. Gmutsa, Ya. Kliman, R. Yu. Kolesnikov, Yu. F. Krechetov, O. V. Kutinova, A. S. Kuznetsov, A. I. L’vov, A. I. Malakhov, V. Mateushek, V. V. Polyanskii, D. G. Sakulin, S. S. Sidorin, V. A. Smirnov, E. V. Sukhov, V. V. Ustinov, V. Vartik, S. Vocal","doi":"10.1134/s1063779624700813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063779624700813","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A new precision three-arm magnetic spectrometer SCAN-3 is under construction for detecting charged (π, <i>K</i>, <i>p</i>) and neutral (<i>n</i>) particles produced at the LHEP Nuclotron internal target in <i>d</i>A collisions. This project is aimed at studies of highly excited nuclear matter. The matter will be studied through observation of its specific decay products, namely, pairs of energetic particles with a wide opening angle, close to 180°. The progress of work on the construction of the spectrometer will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Possibilities of Search for the Local Strong P-Symmetry Breaking in Decay of Charged a0 Meson in 3π± Decay Channel 在带电 a0 介子的 3π± 衰变通道中寻找局部强 P 对称破缺的可能性
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s106377962470045x
V. Petrov, V. Kovalenko
{"title":"The Possibilities of Search for the Local Strong P-Symmetry Breaking in Decay of Charged a0 Meson in 3π± Decay Channel","authors":"V. Petrov, V. Kovalenko","doi":"10.1134/s106377962470045x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106377962470045x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In a hot and dense medium created in the collisions of heavy ions at high energy large topological fluctuations of QCD fields can occur, leading to possible effects of the local violation of P-symmetry in strong interactions. We proposed a search for charged <span>({{a}_{0}})</span> meson decay into three charged pions as a signature of the local strong parity breaking. Using PYTHIA Monte Carlo generator with enabled required decay channels we investigated invariant mass spectrum and analyzed the signal and background contributions. As a result, we estimated minimal number of pp collision events for significant signal of the P-breaking decay.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From the First Observations of Cosmic Rays to the Physics of Relativistic Nuclei 从首次观测宇宙射线到相对论核物理
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779624700643
P. I. Zarubin
{"title":"From the First Observations of Cosmic Rays to the Physics of Relativistic Nuclei","authors":"P. I. Zarubin","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624700643","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624700643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—Research of cosmic rays at the Physical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences resulted in the construction of the JINR Synchrophasotron. For this purpose the Electro physical Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences was founded in 1953, which became part of JINR in 1956 as the High Energy Laboratory. The initial milestones to develop experiments at the Laboratory on the Synchrophasotron are presented. Leaders and key participants in the experiments are highlighted, as well as the lessons and results relevant today.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 4","pages":"950 - 961"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Marking 30 Years to the Nuclotron 纪念核反应堆诞生 30 周年
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779624700163
A. I. Malakhov
{"title":"Marking 30 Years to the Nuclotron","authors":"A. I. Malakhov","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624700163","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624700163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The history of construction and development of the Nuclotron and the main physics results obtained at the beams for 30 years of operation are briefly reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 4","pages":"773 - 780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142412223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Scaling Properties of the Directed Flow of Protons in Au + Au and Ag + Ag Collisions at the Beam Energies of 1.23 and 1.58 A GeV 论 1.23 和 1.58 A GeV 光束能量下 Au + Au 和 Ag + Ag 对撞中质子定向流的缩放特性
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779624700308
M. Mamaev
{"title":"On the Scaling Properties of the Directed Flow of Protons in Au + Au and Ag + Ag Collisions at the Beam Energies of 1.23 and 1.58 A GeV","authors":"M. Mamaev","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624700308","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624700308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the relativistic heavy ion collisions at the collision energies of a few GeV the strongly interacting matter is created at high baryon densities and relatively low temperatures. Azimuthal anisotropy of the produced particles provides a valuable insight into the properties of this form of matter. In this work, we discuss the scaling properties of directed flow of protons with system size as well as the collision energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 4","pages":"832 - 835"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142412234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent Results from the CMD-3 Detector at the VEPP-2000 e+e– Collider VEPP-2000 e+e 对撞机上的 CMD-3 探测器的最新成果
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779624700023
P. A. Lukin
{"title":"Recent Results from the CMD-3 Detector at the VEPP-2000 e+e– Collider","authors":"P. A. Lukin","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624700023","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624700023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report about measurement of the <span>({{e}^{ + }}{{e}^{ - }} to {{pi }^{ + }}{{pi }^{ - }})</span> process cross section performed with the CMD-3 detector at VEPP-2000 <span>({{e}^{ + }}{{e}^{ - }})</span> collider. Integrated luminosity for the measurement is about 88 pb<sup>–1</sup> collected in center-of-mass energy range from 0.32 to 1.2 GeV. Systematic error of the cross section near <span>(rho )</span>(770) resonance is about 0.7%. The cross section values are used for evalution of the hadronic contribution to <span>({{(g - 2)} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{(g - 2)} 2}} right. kern-0em} 2})</span> of muon.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 4","pages":"693 - 698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142412238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of Relativistic Nuclear Collisions in the Four-Velocity Space 四速度空间中相对论核碰撞的研究
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779624700151
A. I. Malakhov, A. A. Zaitsev, E. A. Kolesnikova, G. I. Lykasov
{"title":"Investigation of Relativistic Nuclear Collisions in the Four-Velocity Space","authors":"A. I. Malakhov,&nbsp;A. A. Zaitsev,&nbsp;E. A. Kolesnikova,&nbsp;G. I. Lykasov","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624700151","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624700151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Further development of the approach to the study of relativistic nuclear interactions in the space of four-dimensional velocities using the similarity principle is reported. In essence, the approach is modified by including quark–gluon dynamics in hadron generation during nucleus–nucleus interactions in the central rapidity region. Inclusive spectra of pions and kaons produced in <i>pp</i> and nucleus–nucleus, collisions are studied as a function of their transverse momentum <i>p</i><sub>T</sub> in the central rapidity region calculated within the modified approach based on the assumption of similarity of inclusive hadron spectra. A satisfactory description is given of the NA61/SHINE data for the yield ratios <i>K</i><sup>+</sup>/π<sup>+</sup> and <i>K</i><sup>−</sup>/π<sup>−</sup> as a function of <span>(sqrt s )</span> in <i>pp</i> and BeBe collisions. Calculations of antiparticle-to-particle yield ratios (<span>({{bar {p}} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{bar {p}} p}} right. kern-0em} p})</span>, <span>({{bar {d}} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{bar {d}} d}} right. kern-0em} d})</span>, <span>({{{{{overline {{text{He}}} }}^{3}}} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{{{{overline {{text{He}}} }}^{3}}} {{text{H}}{{{text{e}}}^{3}}}}} right. kern-0em} {{text{H}}{{{text{e}}}^{3}}}})</span>) in proton–proton and nucleus–nucleus reactions are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 4","pages":"768 - 772"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142412251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neutron Stars and Black Holes as Natural Laboratories of Fundamental Physics 作为基础物理学天然实验室的中子星和黑洞
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/S1063779624700060
A. F. Zakharov
{"title":"Neutron Stars and Black Holes as Natural Laboratories of Fundamental Physics","authors":"A. F. Zakharov","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624700060","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624700060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The statistics of particles with half-integer spin was constructed in 1926 in the works of E. Fermi and P. A. M. Dirac. Soon after, it was realized that these statistics are extremely important for building a theory of such compact objects as white dwarfs. In this case, there is a limit to the mass of such objects, which is called the Chandrasekhar’s limit. The neutron was discovered by Chadwick in 1932, and already in 1933 Baade and Zwicky suggested that there are neutron stars that arise as a result of supernova explosions and the collapse of a massive core. Pulsars were discovered in 1968 and it was soon realized that pulsars are neutron stars with giant magnetic fields. Binary neutron stars (both in the binary pulsar system and in the kilonova explosion event GW170817) played a key role in the detection of gravitational radiation predicted by general relativity. In 1963, quasars were discovered—fairly compact objects with a gigantic energy release and located at a cosmological distance. It was soon realized that the most natural model of quasars involved a supermassive black hole. Observations of the motions of bright stars in the vicinity of the Galactic center and reconstruction of shadows in the center of the M87 galaxy and the center of our Galaxy based on observations of synchrotron radiation at a wavelength of 1.3 mm provide additional confirmation of the presence of supermassive black holes in the centers of these galaxies.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 4","pages":"716 - 724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142412268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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